EFFECTS OF SPANISH COLONIZATION IN THE PHILIPPINES

1.) SOCIOECONOMIC
Imposition of tribute, bandala and cedula personal and Requirements
of polo y servicio, Public lighting System began
Telephone Service began (Manila in 1872 and iloilo in 1984)
Centralization of state power. From the early to mid-16th century to the
late 18th century, European states began to assume increasing
responsibility in the administration of their societies. This centralizing
tendency was accelerated by the fact that modern nations were
forming. In Spain, for example, the three kingdoms of Castile, Aragon,
and Navarre gradually united to form Hispania. This centralizing
tendency had implications for the expansion of colonial rule: to fund
their growth and military engagements within Europe, European states
began the trend of colonial acquisition
Tariffs and taxation. Emerging European nations, believing that wealth
was limited and thus wanting to obtain as much of it as possible,
sought to use their overseas colonies as sources of revenue. Europeans
shaped their colonies economies with the guiding belief that
agriculture was the basis of wealth. While agricultural enterprises in
colonies were run privately, the majority of the labor in the expanding
empires was concentrated in agriculture and natural resource
acquisition.
Royally chartered companies. Notable examples include the British
East India Company or Dutch East India Company. Chartered
companies had trade monopolies, granted by the crown, in areas such
as slave trading or the transportation of certain goods

2.) POLITICAL
Loss of freedom on the part of the Filipinos because of the union of the
church and the state ,Establishment of a highly centralized
government and bureaucratic set up
The first task was the reduction, or relocation of native inhabitants into
settlements. The earliest political system used during the conquista
period was the encomienda system, which resembled the political
system known as Feudalism in Medieval Europe. The conquistadores,
friars and native nobles were granted estates, in exchange for their
services to the King, and was given the privilege to collect tribute from
its inhabitants. In return, the person granted the encomienda, known
as an encomendero, was tasked to provide military protection to the
inhabitants, justice and governance. In times of war, the encomendero
was duty bound to provide soldiers for the King, in particular, for the
defense of the colony from invaders such as the Dutch, British and
Chinese. The encomienda system was abused by encomenderos and
by 1700 was largely replaced by administrative provinces, each
headed by an alcalde mayor the provincial governor. The most
prominent feature of Spanish cities was the plaza, a central area for
town activities such as the fiesta, and where government buildings,
the church, a market area and other infrastructures were located.
Residential areas lay around the plaza. During the conquista, the first
task of colonization was the reduction, or relocation of the indigenous
population into settlements surrounding the plaza.
High influence of the catholic church
The friars controlled the sentiments of the native population and was
more powerful than the governor-general himself. Among the issues
that resulted to the Philippine revolution of 1898 that ended Spanish
rule was the abuse of power by the religious orders.
Maura Law
The legal foundation for municipal governments in the country was
laid with the promulgation of the Maura Law on May 19, 1893. Named
 after its author, Don Antonio Maura, the Spanish Minister of Colonies at
the time, the law reorganized town governments in the Philippines
with the aim of making them more effective and autonomous. This law
created the municipal organization that was later adopted, revised,
and further strengthened by the American and Filipino governments
that succeeded Spanish

3.) EDUCATION
Boys colleges and secondary schools for both boys and girls were
established but were initially excusive for sons and daughters of
Spaniards
Under the educational Decree of 1863, free compulsory publicly
supported public schools became possible. The Filipinos were only able
to enter the school in the late 19th century. The schools also limited
their accommodations to the sons of wealthy Filipino families in
1863.Although the schools were already open for Filipinos, the friars
still believed that the Filipinos would not be able to match their skills
and that the only way for the Filipinos to learn fast was to impose upon
them strict discipline which means applying corporal punishment.
The supposed Philippine education was only a means to remain in the
Philippines as colonizers. For this reason, the Filipinos became
followers to the Spaniards in their own country. Even auspicious
Filipinos became cronies, to the extent that even their life styles were
patterned from the Spaniards.
Educated Filipinos referred to as ilustrados began movements directed
towards change in the system of government in the Philippines.
Despite their wealth and education, the ilustrados were still considered
by the Spaniards to be inferior. One of the goals of the ilustrado was to
be in the same level with the proud Spaniards. The growing number of
ilustrados in the Philippines maybe considered one of the major effects
of education by the Spaniards in the Philippines.

4.) SOCIO- CULTURAL RESULTS

Adoption of Spanish surnames and first names (claveria decree of
1849)
Change in the manner of dressing Influence of the Spanish language
and Latin alphabet and adoption of the Gregorian Calendar and the
western method of keeping and counting time
Dishes like arroz valenciana, afritada, estofado, mechado, puchero,
menudo and so on
Fiesta was one of the religious events of the Catholic church. All
Filipinos must attend to it or else, they would be labelled as rebels or
traitor. The fiesta was always the honoring of the town patron saints
respectively held in different barrios or towns. This has given birth to
other occasions done together in fiesta such as food gathering and
street parades.
Native Filipinos have strengthened their motivation to defend the land
and plans for progress without fear against the colonizers including the
later sets of invaders --the Americans and Japanese. On the negative
side, these cultures have given ways for exploitation, monopoly of
power, patriarchy, negative positioning of women in the society, and
the feeling of inferiority over other people.

5.) RELIGIOUS
Several Filipino practices were encouraged to be discontinued by the
Spanish colonizers. Cremations were forbidden by the Catholic Church
as it is against the belief that the dead will be resurrected by 20 the
second coming of Christ (Dakudao 1992:134), which required the body
 to be intact. The fact that the Spanish Catholics were eagerly
anticipating the rising of the dead would have been disturbing to the
indigenous Filipinos who believed that such an event would bring death
to the living. With the incorporation of Christianity into indigenous
Filipino belief, burial patterns obtained more uniformity across the
islands (Dakudao 1992:134), to some extent conforming to the Catholic
Churchs standardization of burials.
The Spanish Jesuit missionaries sent to the Philippines encouraged the
Filipino people to convert to Catholicism, celebrate Catholic holidays, and to
observe religious days of obligation. Converts to Catholicism would have to
be assured that resurrection was a positive experience that did not involve
evil. Many Filipinos converted to Catholicism upon or near their death even if
the individual had not previously been particularly observant of Catholic
doctrine.
Spains influence was evident through the establishment of Catholic
churches. Churches were often the center of cities, both with regards to city
layout and society. Early on, the dead were buried both inside and directly
adjacent to the outside of the churches. Those Filipinos with enough money
and influence were allowed burials within the church beneath the floors,
walls, and pillars. The Cementerio General de Paco, known today simply as
Paco Park, was the first Manila cemetery established outside of the city.
Filipinos truly believed in the values and traditions of the Catholic Church.
Their beliefs now operated within the traditions of the Catholic Church which
dictated that cemeteries must be on consecrated ground to ensure the souls
of the individuals buried there would reach heaven. Churches directly
adjacent to cemeteries provided extra assurance of the sanctity of cemetery
grounds. Funeral chapels were built attached to the separated cemeteries,
acting as smaller versions of churches

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