Mathematics Essay Problems

International
Mathematics and Science Olympiad
(IMSO) for Primary School 2006

Jakarta, November 12-18, 2006

INSTRUCTIONS:

* Write down your name and country on every page.

* Answer all 13 questions in English.

* You have 90 minutes to work on this test.

* Write down your answer and the explanation in English in the space
below the question.

* Use pen to write your answer.

* Use pencil only to draw figures.

1
Name : ........................................................................
Country : ........................................................................

1. Let a, b and c represent one-digit numbers. If

find the value of a + b + c.

answer:

2. The length of a rectangle is increased by 25%. To preserve its area, how

many percent of its width must be decreased?
answer:

2
 Name : ........................................................................
Country : ........................................................................

3. A 4 4 square paper has a 1 1 square hole in it, as shown in the

figure below. Illustrate how the paper can be cut into 5 congruent parts.
answer:

4. The total number of trees in forest P and Q is 560. After 37 of the trees
in forest P and 100 trees in forest Q are cut, the ratio of the number of
trees in P to Q becomes 1 : 4. Find the number of trees in forest Q before
the cutting.
answer:

3
 Name : ........................................................................
Country : ........................................................................

5. In a box there are some marbles, 58 of which are yellow. Of the remainder,
1
4 are blue and the rest are red. The difference between the number of
yellow and red marbles is 220. How many marbles are there in the box?
answer:

6. Adi and Budi make a trip from town X to town Y. Adi travels at the
speed of 100km/h and Budi at 90km/h. They start travelling at the same
time and Adi arrives 12 minutes earlier than Budi. What is the distance
between X and Y?
answer:

4
 Name : ........................................................................
Country : ........................................................................

7. A kind of drink contains 5% pure chocolate. If 5 liters of milk are added

to 20 liters of this drink, find the percentage of chocolate in the mixture.
answer:

8. The length of the shadow of a building is 33 meters. A 2-meter pillar

stands between the building and the end of the shadow of the building.
The distance between the pillar and the end of the shadow of the building
is 3 meters. The shadow of the building covers the whole shadow of the
pillar. What is the least possible height of the building?

answer:

5
 Name : ........................................................................
Country : ........................................................................

9. There are more than 30 students in a class. The number of boys is more
than 4 but less than 12. The number of girls is more than 17 but less
than 26. How many different combinations of the numbers of boys and
girls would satisfy these conditions?
answer:

10. Put each of the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 into a different box in

the following diagram so that two numbers may not occupy boxes which
share at least one common corner if

i. they are consecutive, or

ii. both are greater than 1 and one of them is a multiple of the other.

answer:

6
 Name : ........................................................................
Country : ........................................................................

11. Two boys, Dudi and Gani, run back and forth between two points A and
B at a constant speed without stopping. Dudis speed is 1 21 times Ganis
speed. Dudi runs from A to B while Gani from B to A. They both start
at the same time. The two boys meet for the first time at 800 meters
away from B. How far are the boys from A when they meet for the second
time?
answer:

12. The figure as shown below is made up of three squares of sides 3cm, 5cm
and 7cm respectively. Find the area of the shaded triangle.

answer:

7
 Name : ........................................................................
Country : ........................................................................

13. Three squares are to be connected in a certain way. Two squares are
connected when there is an edge in each square that coincides fully or at
exactly half of their lengths.
For example, see the figures below

We consider that Figure 1 and Figure 2 are different, while Figure 1 and
Figure 3 are the same.
Draw all the possible different figures.
answer:

8
 INTERNATIONAL MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE OLYMPIAD
FOR PRIMARY SCHOOLS (IMSO) 2007
Mathematics Contest (Second Round) in Taiwan, Essay Problems

Name: School: Grade: ID number:

Answer the following 10 questions, and show your detailed solution in the space
provided after each question. Each question is worth 4 points.
Time limit: 60 minutes.

1. The 400-digit number 12345678901234567890890 is given.

Step 1: Cross out all the digits in odd-numbered places.
Step 2: Cross out all the digits in odd-numbered places of the remaining digits.

Continue until no digits remain. What is the last digit to be crossed out?

2. A street of houses numbered from 1 to 302 inclusive is to be numbered with new

brass numerals. How many of the digits 2 would be needed to complete the
job?
3. Articles X, Y and Z are for sale. Article X can be bought at the rate of eight for $1.
Article Y costs $1 each and Article Z costs $10 each. You buy a selection of all
three types and find that you have to purchased exactly 100 articles at a cost of
$100. How many articles of type Y did you buy?

4. Two candles have different lengths and thicknesses. The longer one can burn for
7 hours and the shorter one for 10 hours. After 3 hours burning, both candles
have the same length. What was the shorter candles length divided by the longer
candles length?

5. John had a summer job on a farm. He had four bags of potatoes to weight but
each bag weighed more than 60 kg and less than 100kg , the scale only weighed
in excess of 100kg. He solved the problem by weighing the bags two at a time.
He found the weightings to be 124, 132, 134, 138, 140, 148. What was the
weight of the lightest bag, in kilograms?
6. Here is the plan of a building which has a courtyard with two entrance gates.
Passers-by can look through the gates but may not enter. Dimensions of the
building are give in metres, and all corners are right angles. What is the area, in
square metres, of that part of the courtyard which cannot be seen by passers-by?
60 Gate 80
20 20 20
60

80 40 40
30
20 20 20
60 Gate 80

7. In the diagram PQR=6, and a sequence of isosceles triangles is drawn as

shown. What is the largest number of such triangles that can be drawn?
P

Q R

8. Let n=9+99+999++999, where the last number to be added consists of 99

digits of 9. How many times will the digit 1 appear in n?
9. The following multiplication example, including the answer, uses each number
from 0 to 9 once and once only. Four of the numbers are filled in for you. Can
you fill in the rest?
0 2
3
5

10. The four circles represent cinder paths. The four cyclists started at noon. Each
person rode round a different circle, one at the rate of six miles an hour, another
at the rate of nine miles an hour, another at the rate of twelve miles an hour, and
the fourth at the rate of fifteen miles an hour. They agreed to ride until all met at
the center, from which they started, for the fourth time. The distance round each
circle was exactly one-third of a mile. When did they finish their ride?
Mathematics Essay Problems

5th International
Mathematics and Science Olympiad
(IMSO) for Primary School 2008

Lombok, November 10, 2008

INSTRUCTIONS:

* Write down your name and country on every page.

* You have 90 minutes to work on this test.

* Write down your answer and explanation in English in the space below
the question.

* Use pen or pencil to write your answer.

1
Name : ........................................................................
Country : ........................................................................

1. Find the measure of angle ABC

as shown in the following figure,
where AC = CB = CD,
and the measure of angle ADC is 29 .

Answer:

2. In 2008, the price of car A is $20,000 and car B is $25,000. Each year,
the price of car A decreases by 5% and that of car B decreases by 10%.
In what year will car B be cheaper than car A?

Answer:

2
 Name : .....................................................................
Country : .....................................................................

3. The average of 10 consecutive odd numbers is 120. What is the average

of the 5 largest numbers?

Answer:

4. In the figure ABCD is a rectangle,

AB = CD = 24 cm and AD = BC = 5 cm.
What is the area of the shaded region, in cm2 ?

Answer:

3
 Name : .....................................................................
Country : .....................................................................

5. You are asked to choose three different numbers from 1 to 10. The sum of
the three numbers must be 12. How many choices do you have altogether?

Answer:

6. Five chairs are arranged in a row. A certain five participants must be

seated at those chairs. Two of the five participants may not be seated
next to each other. In how many ways can we arrange the seating of
those five participants?

Answer:

4
 Name : .....................................................................
Country : .....................................................................

7. Find the sum of all numbers from 1 to 500 that are divisible by 5 but not
divisible by 2.

Answer:

8. Let M and N be the areas of a big square and a small square, respectively.
The perimeter of the big square is equal to 25 times the perimeter of the
small square. What is the ratio of M to N ?

Answer:

5
 Name : .....................................................................
Country : .....................................................................

9. Ahmad usually travels from town P to town Q in eight hours. One day,
he increased his average speed by 5km per hour so that he arrived 20
minutes earlier. Find his usual average speed, in km per hour.

Answer:

10. Nadia wants to make a square using rectangular cards measuring 12.5 cm
by 7.5 cm. The cards may not overlap and there may be no gaps between
the cards. What is the least number of cards needed?

Answer:

6
 Name : .....................................................................
Country : .....................................................................

11. Jenny has a number of books in her bookshelf. She will move all the
books to another bookshelf. If she moves 2 books repeatedly then she
will have 1 book left. There will also be 1 book left if she moves 3, or
4, or 5 books repeatedly. If she moves 7 books repeatedly, she will have
no books left. If the number of all the books is less than 500, find the
number of Jennys books.

Answer:

12. Light from point A makes an angle of 20

to the horizontal plane. It is then
reflected by plane mirror M,
see the side-view figure on the right.
What is the measure of the angle X
that makes the reflected light S
perpendicular to the horizontal plane?

Answer:

7
 Name : .....................................................................
Country : .....................................................................

13. Consider the sequence 25, 76, 38, 19, 58, 29, . . . .
The terms of the sequence are determined by the following rules:

If a term is even, then the next term is half of it.

If a term is odd, then the next term is 3 times of it plus 1.

What is the 1000th term?

Answer:

8
 6th INTERNATIONAL MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE OLYMPIAD FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL

IMSO 2009
ESSAY PROBLEMS

Yogyakarta, 8 14 November 2009

DIRECTORATE OF KINDERGARTEN AND PRIMARY DEVELOPMENT

DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION MANAGEMENT
MINISTRY OF NATIONAL EDUCATION
 IMSO 2009 IMSO2009
Essay Yogyakarta, 8-14 November

1. Bob bought a coat and a shirt. The normal prices of both items are the same,
but when Bob bought them, the shirt was discounted by 50% and the coat was
discounted by 25%. If he bought them for $130 what was the normal price of the
shirt?

2. The area of a rhombus is 36 cm2. One of its diagonals has length twice of the
other diagonal. What is the length of the smaller diagonal of the rhombus?

3. I plan to travel by car from City A to City B. I travel the first half of the distance
with the speed of 30 km/hour. In order to get my average traveling speed of 40
km/hour, what speed should I take for the second half of the distance?

4. The mean value of the mathematics marks of the nine students is 70. When
Lamberts mark is added, the mean value will be 69. When Johns mark is
added, the mean value will be 72. What will the mean value be, if Lamberts and
Johns marks are both added?

5. Andy bought three packages of goods, each worth $ 35, $ 30, and $ 40. The first
package contains 2 books, 1 pencil, and 1 eraser. The second package contains
1 book, 1 pencil, 2 erasers. The third package contains 3 books and 2 erasers.
Andy wants to buy the fourth package containing 2 books, 1 pencil, and 3
erasers. What is the price of the fourth package?

6. The following figure shows a regular hexagon. On each side of the hexagon,
there is an isosceles right triangle. One side forming a right angle is a side of the
hexagon. Determine the angle x.

7. Bob and Ivan have tasks of mowing (cutting) grass in their yard. One day they
do their work at the same time. After that, Bob works every 8 days, while Ivan
every 6 days. Each time Bob works, he is paid $15 while Ivan gets $17.5. If they
work again on the same day, how much money will each of them earn at the end
of the day?

Page 2 of 3
 IMSO 2009 IMSO2009
Essay Yogyakarta, 8-14 November
8. Mums kitchen scale is set incorrectly, but otherwise it works fine. When she
weighs a bag of sugar, it shows 1.5 kg. When she weighs a bag of flour, it
shows 1.3 kg. However, when she weighs both items together, it shows 2.5 kg.
If she weighs a piece of butter of weight 0.3 kg, what number does the scale
show?

9. Alan, Billy, Candy, and David are queuing (lining up) in alphabetical order. Alan
is in the 7th position from the front while David is in the 9th position from the
back. The number of persons between Alan and Billy is the same as those
between Candy and David. In total, there are 48 persons in the queue, and six
of them are between Billy and Candy. How many persons are there between
Alan and Candy?

10. A rectangle has two axes of symmetry, the vertical axis and the horizontal axis.
If the rectangle is folded with respect to the vertical axis, we obtain a rectangle
with perimeter 40 cm. If the rectangle is folded with respect to the horizontal
axis, we obtain a rectangle with perimeter 50 cm. What is the original perimeter
of the rectangle?

11. Brad and Jake traveled 9 km from A to B. First Jake used his bicycle at 8
km/hour and left the bicycle at a certain place. Then he walked 5 km/hour to
reach B. On the other hand, Brad walked at 4 km/hour, then took Jake's bicycle,
and rode at 10 km/hour to reach B. If they started to travel and arrived at B at
the same time, how many minutes did Jake leave his bike before it was used by
Brad?

12. In the figure, BC = 25 cm, BE = 8 cm, and AD = 4 cm. What is the area of the
triangle CDF?
A

F
D

B C
E

13. Tom has a contract to dig out some foundations and it must be done in 30 days.
His own machine, which he wishes to use as much as possible, would take 50
days to do all the work. He can hire a bigger machine which would finish the job
in 21 days. There is only enough room for one machine at a time. What is the
least number of days for which he must hire the bigger machine?

Page 3 of 3
International Mathematics and Science Olympiad 2010

ESSAY PROBLEMS

1. The area of a square ABCD is 36 cm2 . Let E be the midpoint of AB, and F be the
midpoint of BC. What is the area of the trapezoid AEF C, in cm2 ?
Answer :

2. Let P = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 and
Q = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 + 11 + 12 + 13 + 14 + 15.
What is the remainder when P is divided by Q?
Answer :

1
3. In the figure, angle ABF is a right angle. The area of
triangle ABF is equal to the area of paralellogram
F RKA. The length of AB, BF and F A are 3 cm, 4 cm
and 5 cm respectively. What is the length of F R, in cm?

Answer :

4. Six bags of marbles contain 18, 19, 21, 23, 25 and 34 marbles, respectively. One bag
contains red marbles only. The other five bags contain no red marbles. Jane takes three
of the bags and George takes two of the others. Only the bag of red marbles remains.
If Jane gets twice as many marbles as George, how many red marbles are there?
Answer :

2
5. In the figure, AF, BE and CD are parallel.
AB = 7 cm, BE = 3 cm, and CD = 4 cm.
Find the length of AF, in cm.

Answer :

6. In the figure, ABCD is a rectangle, ED = BG = 13 BC

and BF = DH = 31 AB . What is the ratio of the area of
AF GCHE to the area of ABCD ?

Answer :

3
7. One day Joko drove at the average speed of 50 km/hour from his house to his office. He
arrived two minutes late. On the next day, he drove to his office at the average speed of
60 km/hour and arrived one minute early. What is the distance between Jokos house
and his office, in km?
Answer :

8. In the figure, the diameter of the largest circle is 28 cm.

Two circles of diameter 14 cm are inscribed in it.
Two circles of diameter 7 cm are inscribed in each
of the circles of diameter 14 cm.
What is area of the shaded region, in cm2 ? [Use = 22 7
.]

Answer :

4
 9. The ratio of Amins money to Budis money was 5 : 4. They donated a part of their
money for charity. Amins donation was two times Budis donation. After that, each of
them had $15. How much money was donated by Amin?
Answer :

10. A solid rectangular iron is put into a cylinder. The solid has a square base of side length
10 cm and height of 15 cm. The diameter and height of the cylinder are 14 cm and
16 cm, respectively. If water fills 34 of the cylinder, how many cm3 water will be spilled
out? [Use = 22
7
.]
Answer :

5
11. Siti had 60 green apples and 90 red apples for sale. The cost of every three green apples
was $10, and every five red apples was $8. She mixed the apples and sold them all. If
the selling price of every five mixed apples was $15, how much profit did Siti get from
selling all the apples?
Answer :

12. Ary and friends are having dinner together. They agree to share the bill among them.
If they contribute $16 each, then they still need $4 more for paying the bill. But, if they
contribute $19 each, then the total collected money is enough to pay the bill, give tip
that is 15% of the bill, and pay parking fee of $2. How much is the bill?
Answer :

6
13. Peter has a three-digit code for a padlock. He has forgotten the code but he knows
that all three digits are different. He also knows that if you divide the first digit by
the second digit and then square the result, you get the third digit. Find all three-digit
codes having this property.
Answer :

7
Solution to Math Essay Problems IMSO 2011

1) There are 53 Tuesdays in the year 2019.

What day is the Pi day (14 March) in the year 2020?

2) Let a = 0.363636 and b = 0.515. Find the digit on the 2011th decimal
place of the product ab.

3) There are six business establishments located on both sides of a certain

street which are named as A to F, as figure shown below. The store which
was shaded is named as shop A, the location of the other stores are
described in the following relationship:
a. the store on the right side of shop A is a bookstore;
b. the front of the bookstore is a flower shop;
c. a bakery is located beside the flower shop;
d. E shop is in front of D shop;
e. the hotel is the neighbor of E shop;
f. E shop and the stationery store are on the same side of the street.
What kind of establishment is shop A?

The street

4) There are 111 apples to be distributed to 9 children. The number of

apples received by each child is different. The child receiving the smallest
number of apples is kid #1 while the child receiving the most number of
apples is kid #9. What is the least number of apples received by kid #9?

5) Find all possible six-digit number x 2011y that is divisible by 36, where x
and y are digits.

6) A palindrome is a number that can be read the same forwards and

backwards. For example, 246642, 131 and 5005 are palindromic
numbers. Find the smallest even palindrome that is larger than 56789
which is also divisible by 7.
7) Ben and Josh together have to paint 3 houses and 20 fences. It takes
Ben 5 hours to paint a house and 3 hours to paint a fence. It takes Josh
2 hours to paint a house and 1 hour to paint a fence. What is the
minimum amount of time, in hours, that it takes them to finish painting
all of the houses and fences?

8) A farmer tells his son to select five watermelons to bring to town to be

sold at the weekly farmers market. Because the watermelons are sold by
weight, they must be put on a scale before the trip to town. But the son
made a mistake. Instead of weighing them individually, he weighed them
in pairs. These are the weights he came up with, in pounds: 20, 22, 23,
24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30 and 31. How much does each of the watermelons
weigh?

9) Andy has to fill either Tank A or Tank B. His objective is to have the
highest water level in a tank in 20 minutes. Tank A measures 60 cm by
10 cm by 30 cm, while Tank B measures 20 cm by 20 cm by 30 cm.
Tank B leaks water at a rate of 150 cm3 per minute. Which tank should
Andy fill if he uses a pipe with water flowing out 600 cm3 per minute?

10) How many ways can we select six consecutive positive integers from
1 to 999 so that the tailing of the product of these six consecutive
positive integers end with exactly four 0s?

11) 276 pupils are seated in a school hall. There are 22 rows of seats and
each row has 15 seats. At least how many rows have an equal number
of pupils?
A
12) In triangle ABC, let X and Y be the midpoints
of side AB and BC respectively. Let AY and
CX intersect at G. If AG = 12, CG = 16 and 12
XY = 10, what is the area of triangle GXY? X
G
16
10
C
Y
B

13) The figure on the right shows a square and 12 D

F
congruent semicircles. In particular, points C G
and D are endpoints while points A and B are A
the centers of the semicircles. If the length of E C
AB is 2011, find the total area Aof all the regions B
that are shaded?
Mathematics Essay Problems
_________________________________________________________________

9th International Mathematics and Science

Olympiad (IMSO) for Primary School 2012
_________________________________________________________________

Instructions:

* Write down your name and country on every page.

* You have 90 minutes to work on this test.

* Write down your detail solutions or working process in English in the space

below the question.

* Use pen or pencil to write your answer.

Smart, Skilled, and Creative In a Joyful Competition for Excellence

City Montessori Inter College,

RDSO Campus, Manak Nagar, Lucknow, India
27 Oct. 2 Nov 2012

NAME COUNTRY
International Mathematics and Science Olympiad 2012

ESSAY PROBLEMS

NAME COUNTRY

1. The sum of the numbers A, B and C is 390. Given that A is 3 times of B and A
is one third of C, find the value of C.

ANSWER:
2. A palindrome is a number which reads the same backwards as forwards. A car
odometer read 26962 km. After two hours driving the odometer showed the
next palindrome. What was the average speed of the car, in km per hour?

ANSWER: km per hour

International Mathematics and Science Olympiad 2012

ESSAY PROBLEMS

NAME COUNTRY

3. Class A has 10 students and class B has 15 students. In a test, the average
grade for class A is 60, and the average grade for class B is 66. A new student
writes the test in the office. If he is put in class A, its average will become 62.
If he is put in class B, what will its average become?

ANSWER:
4. Helen has a string of black beads and white beads
which follows a certain pattern. She put a portion
of the string beads inside the box as shown in the BOX
diagram on the right. How many black beads are
there in the portion of the string inside the box?

ANSWER: black beads

International Mathematics and Science Olympiad 2012

ESSAY PROBLEMS

NAME COUNTRY

5. Two years ago, Steve was three times as old as Bill, and in three years he will
be twice as old as Bill. Find the sum of their ages.

ANSWER:
6. Dad walks at 6 km per hour when alone and mom walks at 4 km per hour
when alone. When they walk together, they compromise at 5 km per hour.
They leave home to go to the store 1 km away. Six minutes after leaving home,
dad has to return for the shopping list while mom goes on. How long does
mom have to wait in the store, in minutes, before dad arrives with the shopping
list?

ANSWER: minutes
International Mathematics and Science Olympiad 2012

ESSAY PROBLEMS

NAME COUNTRY

7. A says, ``I ate it.''

B says, ``The one who ate it was either C or D.''
C says, ``Exactly one of A and B is lying.''
D says, ``C did not eat it.''
If exactly two of them are lying, who ate it?

ANSWER:
8. In the right diagram, ABC=BDC=90. B
AD 9 BD
If , then what is the value of ?
DC 4 AC

A C
D

ANSWER:
International Mathematics and Science Olympiad 2012

ESSAY PROBLEMS

NAME COUNTRY

9. A three-digit number is multiplied by a two-digit number whose tens digit is

9. The product is a four-digit number whose hundreds digit is 2. How many
three-digit numbers satisfy this condition?

ANSWER:
10. ABC is a triangle with a right angle at C. E is a point on AC and D is a point on
the extension of CB such that triangle DEC is similar to triangle ABC. AB cuts
DE at F, and AE=EF. Calculate ABC, in degrees.
D

A C
E

ANSWER:
International Mathematics and Science Olympiad 2012

ESSAY PROBLEMS

NAME COUNTRY

11. P and Q are the points on the sides AB and BC of a triangle ABC respectively
such that BP=3PA and QC=2BQ. K is the midpoint of the segment PQ. If the
area of the triangle ABC is 120 cm2, find the areas of the triangle AKC, in cm2.

Q
K
P

A C

ANSWER: cm2
12. A triangle is divided into seven triangles. The areas of four of them are
420 cm2, 80 cm2, 60 cm2 and 30 cm2 as shown in the diagram on the right. Find
the area of triangle AEF, in cm2. F

420
C
B
30 80
D 60
A E
G

ANSWER: cm2
International Mathematics and Science Olympiad 2012

ESSAY PROBLEMS

NAME COUNTRY

13. The diagram below shows six distinct positive integers in a ring and the sum of
any two neighboring numbers is a perfect square.

23 26

2
55

7 9

The below diagram is to be filled with six different positive integers such that it
has the same property. If X 20 , find all possible values of X.

23

2
X

34

ANSWER:
 Mathematics Essay Problems
_________________________________________________________________

10th International Mathematics and Science

Olympiad (IMSO) for Primary School 2013
_________________________________________________________________

Instructions:

* Write down your name and country on every page.

* You have 90 minutes to work on this test.

* Write down your detail solutions or working process in English in the space

below the question.

* Use pen or pencil to write your answer.

Smart, Skilled, and Creative In a Joyful Competition for Excellence

Alfonso,Cavite,Philippines
2529Nov2013

Country: Name: No.: Score:
International Mathematics and Science Olympiad 2013

ESSAY PROBLEMS

NAME COUNTRY

1. There were 50 students who attended a summer camp and they were assigned
to five rooms. The details are indicated in the diagram below:

ROOM
A
Total of 27
ROOM
B Total of 23
ROOM
C
Total of 18
ROOM
D Total of 13
ROOM
E

How many students are there in each room?

Room A: students Room B: students

Room C: students Room E: students

ANSWER: Room E: students

International Mathematics and Science Olympiad 2013

ESSAY PROBLEMS

NAME COUNTRY

2. In the Figure below, three 6 cm 3 cm rectangles are placed together in a row.

Find the area of the shaded region.
3 cm 3 cm 3 cm

6 cm

ANSWER: cm2
3. The diagram below shows the multiplication of two three-digit numbers,
yielding a six-digit product. Some of the digits are replaced by boxes. What is
the value of this six-digit product?
1
3 2
3
3
5
3

ANSWER:
International Mathematics and Science Olympiad 2013

ESSAY PROBLEMS

NAME COUNTRY

4. Twenty-seven digits arranged in a row of boxes must consist each of 1, 2, 3, 4,

5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 such that each digit is repeated three times. There is another
digit between the first 1 and the second 1, and another digit between the
second 1 and the third 1. There are two other digits between the first 2 and the
second 2, and two other digits between the second 2 and the third 2. The same
applies to the other digits, so that there are nine other digits between the first 9
and the second 9, and nine other digits between the second 9 and the third 9.
The middle seven digits are 7469258. Complete the boxes below.

7 4 6 9 2 5 8
ANSWER:
5. W, X, Y and Z are the midpoints of the four sides of parallelogram ABCD. P is
a point on the line segment YZ. What percent of the area of parallelogram
ABCD is the area of triangle PXW?
D W C
X Z
P
A Y B

ANSWER: %
International Mathematics and Science Olympiad 2013

ESSAY PROBLEMS

NAME COUNTRY

6. Four rods are connected together with flexible joints at their ends to make a
quadrilateral as shown. If PQ=40 cm, RS=20 cm, PS=60 cm and
QPS =RSP = 60. Find QRS.
Q

40 R
20
60 60
P S
60

ANSWER:
7. What is the units digit for the following sum: 3 + 42012 + 72013 ?
2011

ANSWER:
International Mathematics and Science Olympiad 2013

ESSAY PROBLEMS

NAME COUNTRY

8. In a multi-digit positive integer multiple of 7, every digit except the units digit
is 6. What are the possible values of units digits?

ANSWER:
9. The 4 button on my calculator is defective, so I cannot enter numbers which
contain the digit 4. Moreover, my calculator does not display the digit 4 if 4 is
part of an answer. Thus I cannot enter the calculation 2 14 and do not
attempt to do so. Also, the result of multiplying 3 by 18 is displayed as 5
instead of 54 and the result of multiplying 2 by 71 is displayed as 12 instead of
142. If I multiply a positive one-digit number by a positive two-digit number
on my calculator and it displays 26, list all possibilities which I could have
multiplied?

ANSWER:
International Mathematics and Science Olympiad 2013

ESSAY PROBLEMS

NAME COUNTRY

10. My twelve-hour clock has four digits, two for the hours and two for the
minutes. The minutes are shown with leading 0s, but the hours are not. Upside
down, the digits 0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 8 and 9 read 0, 1, 2, 5, 9, 8 and 6 respectively.
One day, I made a phone call on the appointed time, and learned that it was too
early. Then I realized that I had read the clock upside down. If you know by
how much I was early, you will know what time I made the call. What time
should I have made the call?

ANSWER:
11. There are 15 real coins all of the same weight, and one fake coin which is
either heavier or lighter. At least how many times should we weigh so that we
can determine whether the fake coin is heavier or lighter?

ANSWER:
International Mathematics and Science Olympiad 2013

ESSAY PROBLEMS

NAME COUNTRY

12. In a chess tournament with 15 players, every two play a game against each
other once. A win is worth 2 points, a draw 1 point and a loss 0 points. A prize
is given to any player with a total score of at least 20 points. What is the
maximum number of prize winners?

ANSWER:
13. Isosceles triangle ABC has been dissected into thirteen isosceles acute
triangles, as shown in the two following figures, where all segments of the
same length are marked the same way, and the second figure shows the details
of the dissection of EFG. Given that CAB is an integral number of
degrees, what is the size of CAB ?
C

G
A B
E F

E F

ANSWER:
 International Mathematics and Science Olympiad 2014

ESSAY PROBLEMS
Country: Name: No.:

1. Al lives in Alton and Ben lives in Benburg, the two towns are 12 km apart.
They want to go to Centreville, which is 30 km from Alton and 20 km from
Benburg. Ben asks Al to take a taxi from Alton to Benburg to pick up him, and
then go together to Centreville. The cost of the taxi is 1000 rupiahs per km.
Ben will pay the part of the cost of the taxi resulting from the extra distance
caused by this detour, and will share the remaining cost equally with Al. How
much is Bens saving by sharing the taxi with Al?

ANSWER: rupiahs
2. Each of Alice and Brian has some cows. Alice says to Brian, If I add three
times the number of cows you have to what I have, then I am satisfied. Brian
replies, If I add five times the number of cows you have to what I have, then I
am satisfied. If the number of cows which makes them satisfied is the same,
what is the minimum value of this number?

ANSWER:
 International Mathematics and Science Olympiad 2014

ESSAY PROBLEMS
Country: Name: No.:

3. Initially, a robot faces north. Whenever it stops moving, it automatically faces

north. It is programmed to do the following:
(1) Turn 30 to the right, move 1 km forward and stop.
(2) Turn 90 to the right, move 1 km forward and stop.
(3) Turn 150 to the right, move 1 km forward and stop.
(4) Turn 210 to the right, move 1 km forward and stop.
(5) Turn 270 to the right, move 1 km forward and stop.
(6) Turn 330 to the right, move 1 km forward and stop.
What is the distance between the initial and final position of the robot?

ANSWER: km
4. Hollys is paid 67510 rupiahs per hour while Molly is paid 32490 rupiahs per
hour. Together they earn 267510 rupiahs. Had Holly worked the number of
hours Molly did and Molly work the number of hours Holly did, their
combined earning would have been 232490 rupiahs. How many hours Holly
and Molly work?

ANSWER: Holly works hours

Molly works hours
 International Mathematics and Science Olympiad 2014

ESSAY PROBLEMS
Country: Name: No.:

5. ABCD is a rectangle with AB = 25 cm and BC = 30 cm. M is a point on AD

AM 1 AN 3
such that = and N is a point on the diagonal AC such that = .
AD 3 AC 5
What is the area of triangle BMN?

ANSWER: cm2
6. Four different positive integers are such that the sum of any two is divisible by
2 and the sum of any three is divisible by 3. What is the minimum value of the
sum of all these four integers?

ANSWER:
 International Mathematics and Science Olympiad 2014

ESSAY PROBLEMS
Country: Name: No.:

7. ABCD is a square of side length 10 cm. E, F, G and H are points on AB, BC,
CD and DA respectively, such that EG is parallel to AD and FH is parallel to
AB. P is a point on AE such that PE = 2 cm, and Q is a point on DH such that
HQ = 3 cm. What is the area of the quadrilateral PFGQ?

ANSWER: cm2
8. Each of the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 is to be placed into a different
square in the expression
1 1 1
+ + + + +
1 1 1
+ + +
What is the maximum value of this expression?

ANSWER:
 International Mathematics and Science Olympiad 2014

ESSAY PROBLEMS
Country: Name: No.:

9. In triangle ABC, AD and BE are altitudes and AP and BQ are angle bisectors at
A and B respectively, where P lies on CD and Q lies on CE. If PAD = 6
and QBE = 18 , what is the degree of BCA ?

ANSWER:
10. A 2014-digit number is the smallest positive integer such that when it is
multiplied by 3, every digit of the product is even. How many times the digit 3
appears in the original number?

ANSWER:
 International Mathematics and Science Olympiad 2014

ESSAY PROBLEMS
Country: Name: No.:

11. Give three different ways in order to divide the figure below into two parts of
the same areas using one straight line.

ANSWER:

12. Each of 18 people shakes hands with at least one other person, and no two
people shake hands more than once. If X shakes hands with Y, then X does not
shake hands with anyone who shakes hands with Y. If X does not shake hands
with Y, then X shakes hands with everyone who shakes hands with Y. How
many maximum number of handshakes and minimum number of handshakes?

ANSWER: The maximum number of handshakes is

The minimum number of handshakes is
 International Mathematics and Science Olympiad 2014

ESSAY PROBLEMS
Country: Name: No.:

13. A 112 m by 75 m farm has been divided into 13 square fields, as shown in the
diagram below. The field at the bottom right corner has side length 33 m.
There is a straight path which serves as a boundary for several fields, and cut
across two other fields along the dotted lines. What is the side length of each
field?

A= m G= m
A B C
B= m H= m
G
C= m I= m
D
E
F D= m J= m
I
H J
33 m E= m K= m
K L
F= m L= m
ANSWER:
 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Country: Name: ID:

1. How many three-digit positive integers abc are there such that a b c ?

ANSWER: three-digit positive integers

 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Country: Name: ID:

2. Twenty-four positive numbers are arranged on a circle, each number is equal to

the product of its two neighbors. If the two neighboring numbers are 3 and 4,
what is the sum of all twenty-four numbers?

ANSWER:
 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Country: Name: ID:

1 1 1 1 1 1
3. Let a, b and c be different positive integers such that 1 + .
2 3 7 a b c
What is the smallest possible value of a b c ?

ANSWER:
 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Country: Name: ID:

4. Arranged in a circle are 100 plates. Susan places a candy in a plate. Going
around the circle, she places a candy on every 15th plate. If she keeps doing so
until the candies can no longer be placed in an empty plate, how many plates
remain empty?

ANSWER: plates
 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Country: Name: ID:

5. What is the largest integer less than or equal to the expression

1
?
1 1 1 1

1985 1986 1987 2015

ANSWER:
 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Country: Name: ID:

6. There are 81 soldiers lined up in a row with numbers from 1 to 81. In each
round onwards, the remaining soldiers call out 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, . The
soldiers who count 1 and 3 are removed from the line. The process continues
until only one soldier is left on the line. What is the number of that soldier left
on the line?

ANSWER:______________________
 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Country: Name: ID:

7. The figure below shows a square ABCD of side 6 cm. Given that E is the
midpoint of AB, points F and G are on BC so that BF FG GC . What is the
total area of the shaded region in cm2?
A E B

D C

ANSWER: cm2
 ESSAY PROBLEMS

Country: Name: ID:

8. In ABC, ACB 45 and BC = 24 cm. The length of the altitude from A to

BC is 16 cm. Point B , C are on the line of BC such that BC BC .
Suppose AB AB , AC AC , as shown in the figure below. If the area of
1
OCC is of the area of ABC, what is the length of BB , in cm?
3
A A

B C C B

ANSWER: cm
 ESSAY PROBLEMS

Country: Name: ID:

9. In a four-digit number, the thousands digit is larger than the units digit, which
is not zero, while the hundreds digit is larger than the tens digit. A new
four-digit number is obtained from the original number by reversing the order
of the digits. How many possible differences of the original and new number
are there?

ANSWER:
 ESSAY PROBLEMS

Country: Name: ID:

10. There are three lowest-term fractions, the ratio of their numerator are positive
integers in the ratio of 3 : 2 : 4 while the ratio of their denominator are positive
28
integers in the ratio of 5 : 9 : 15. The sum of these three fractions is .
45
What is the sum of their denominator?

ANSWER:
 ESSAY PROBLEMS

Country: Name: ID:

11. Sixteen points are on the sides of a 4 4 grid so that the center portion of
2 2 are removed. How many triangles are there in total that have vertices
chosen from those remaining points and at least 1 interior angle equal to 45 ?

ANSWER: triangles
 ESSAY PROBLEMS

Country: Name: ID:

12. In ABC, points D and E are on BC such that BDDEEC = 2 : 1 : 1. The

CM 1
point M is on AC such that . BM intersects AD, AE at point H, G
MA 3
respectively. Find BH : HG : GM.
A

G M
H
B D E C

ANSWER: BHHGGM =
 ESSAY PROBLEMS

Country: Name: ID:

13. From a 16 cm by 18 cm piece of paper, a 3 cm by 3 cm square is cut off from

each corner. At most how many 3 cm by 4 cm rectangles can be cut off from
the remaining part of this piece of paper?
3 12 3

3 3

10

3 3

3 3

ANSWER: rectangles,
 ESSAY PROBLEMS

Country: Name: ID:

1. Write the numbers 1, 2, 3, ..., 9 on the circumference of a circle in such a way

that no two neighboring numbers would give a sum that is divisible by either 3
or 5 or 7.

ANSWER:
 ESSAY PROBLEMS

Country: Name: ID:

2. Suppose that the sum of n consecutive integers (included positive integers,

0 and negative integers) is 55, find the largest value of n.

ANSWER:

 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Country: Name: ID:

3. Let a, b and c be digits. The product of the three-digit numbers abc , bca
and cab is a nine-digit number whose first digit is 2 and whose last digit is 9.
Find this product.

ANSWER:
 ESSAY PROBLEMS

Country: Name: ID:

4. The shape of a factory is a rectangle PQRS with PS = 44 m and RS = 40 m.

The factory is divided in to 5 rooms, I, II, III, IV and V, as shown in the
figure below. The perimeters of room II, III and IV are equal. If room I with
III form a square, and room V with room III also form a square, what is the
sum of the perimeters of room I and V, in m?

Q R
II
I
III

V
IV
P S

ANSWER: m

 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Country: Name: ID:

5. The number abcab is a multiple of 7, abc a multiple of 9 and cba a

multiple of 4. Find the smallest value for a b c .

ANSWER:
 ESSAY PROBLEMS

Country: Name: ID:

6. In ABC, point M is the midpoint of BC, AM = CM , ATC = 56 , and

AT bisects BAC , as shown in the figure below. What is the size of AMB , in
degrees?
A

56
C T M B

ANSWER:______________________
 ESSAY PROBLEMS

Country: Name: ID:

7. A group of students went on a field trip by bus. Each bus held the same
number of students, each seat was filled, and everyone had a seat. But on the
way, one bus broke down. The students were distributed evenly among the
remaining buses, and in each bus 4 students had to stand. On the way home,
two more buses broke down, and so they finished the trip with 18 students
standing in each bus. How many students were on this trip?

ANSWER: students
 ESSAY PROBLEMS

Country: Name: ID:

8. In the figure below, ABCD and CEFG are parallelograms so that BCG is a
straight line, and ADE = 115 . If EG = FG , find the values of m + n + p .
E F
n
p
A 115
D

m
B C G

ANSWER:
 ESSAY PROBLEMS

Country: Name: ID:

9. How many different four-digit numbers are there with the sum of its digits is 9
such that the digit 0 is not included?

ANSWER: four-digit numbers

 ESSAY PROBLEMS

Country: Name: ID:

10. Using 6 given colors, you color each side of a cube to a different color, then
you write the six numbers on it so that the numbers 6 and 1; 2 and 5; 3 and 4
are facing each other. How many different cubes can you make? (Two cubes
are considered to be the same if you can rotate one cube into the position of the
other.)

ANSWER:
 ESSAY PROBLEMS

Country: Name: ID:

11. The diagram below shows a sequence of towers made from toothpicks. How
many toothpicks will the 10th tower require?

1st 2nd 3rd 4th

ANSWER: toothpicks
 ESSAY PROBLEMS

Country: Name: ID:

12. The two-digit number ab and the number ab + 45 are said to be similar if
the sum of the digits of ab is the same as the sum of the digits of ab + 45 .
For example : 15 and 15 + 45 = 60 are similar because the sum of the digits of
each number is 6. How many pairs of similar numbers are there?

ANSWER: pairs
 ESSAY PROBLEMS

Country: Name: ID:

13. In how many ways can three different numbers be selected from the numbers 1
to 15, so that their sum is a multiple of 4?

ANSWER: ways