Bicol University

College of Engineering
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
S.Y 2015-2016

FOR : Engr. Marco Angelo R. Dejucos

Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering
FROM : Neil Dominic D. Careo
BSChE 4
SUBJECT : HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
DATE : March 23, 2017

AFN TYPE 2-4 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Design for Diesel-
Water Heat Transfer

I.I. Introduction
INTRODUCTION
A heat exchanger is a device used to 3. Geometry of construction: tubes, plates
transfer heat between a solid object and a and extended surfaces.
fluid, or between two or more fluids.[1] The
4. Heat transfer mechanisms: single phase
fluids may be separated by a solid wall to
and two phase.
prevent mixing or they may be in direct
contact. Heat exchangers are used in a wide 5. Flow arrangements: parallel, counter and

variety of engineering applications like cross flows. [2]

power generation, waste heat recovery, Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers are
manufacturing industry, air-conditioning, one of the most popular types of exchanger
refrigeration, space applications, due to the flexibility the designer has to allow
petrochemical industries etc. Heat exchanger for a wide range of pressures and
may be classified according to the following temperatures. There are two main categories
main criteria: of Shell and Tube exchanger:

1. Recuperators and Regenerators. 1. Those that are used in the petrochemical

2. Transfer process: Direct contact and industry which tend to be covered by

Indirect contact. standards from TEMA, Tubular Exchanger

Manufacturers Association.

AFN TYPE 2-4 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Design for Diesel-Water Heat Transfer 2017
 2. Those that are used in the power industry cover, a two-pass shell with a longitudinal
such as feedwater heaters and power plant baffle and a fixed tube sheet rear head. [5]
condensers.[3]
The figure below illustrates the
The type of Shell and Tube heat TEMA nomenclature for the various
exchanger designed in this paper is for diesel- construction.
water in petrochemical industry.

Basic Components of Shell and Tube Heat

Exchanger

Shell and tube heat exchanger are

built of round tubes mounted in a cylindrical
shell with the tubes parallel to the shell. One
fluid flow inside the tubes, while the other
fluid flows across and along the axis of the
exchanger, the major components of this
exchanger are tubes (tube bundles), shell,
front end head, rear end head, baffles and
tube sheets.[4]

TEMA Standards

The standard of the Tubular

Exchanger Manufacturers Association
(TEMA) describe various components in
II.II.Methodology
METHODOLOGY
detail of shell and tube heat exchanger
(STHE). STHE is divided into three parts: The main objective of this paper is to
the front head, the shell and the rear head. design a shell and tube type heat exchanger
Each part has different construction and for Diesel-water heat transfer. The design
specific function. The construction of front must satisfy the given simulation problem
and rear head as well as flow patterns in the below.
shell are defined by the TEMA standards- for Tube side Shell Side
example, a BFL exchanger has a bonnet
Medium Diesel Water
cover, a two-pass shell with a longitudinal
Pressure 4bar 3bar
baffle and a fixed tube sheet rear head.
Inlet temp. 105 C 5 C
Each part has different construction Outlet temp. 60 C 70 C
and specific function. The construction of Mass flowrate 5.0kg/s -
front and rear head as well as flow patterns in The maximum flowrate of inlet water will
the shell are defined by the TEMA standards- depend on the rest of the parameters given.
for example, a BFL exchanger has a bonnet

AFN TYPE 2-4 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Design for Diesel-Water Heat Transfer 2017
 General Procedure
Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik or LV
software was used to design the shell and tube
heat exchanger that could meet the
requirements needed by the problem stated
above. The software was downloaded from
the link (http://www.lv-soft.com/).
The given data (shell and tube
medium, temperature inlet and outlet,
pressures, mass flowrate of Diesel, type of
tube material to be used, and pipe and tube
pitch dimensions were inputted in the
software. The type of tube material used was
stainless steel and counter-flow design was
used.
AFN TYPE 2-4 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Design for Diesel-Water Heat Transfer
The software will automatically calculate
the maximum allowed mass flowrate of water
entering the shell side of the heat exchanger.
The final tube length between tube
sheets was then assigned. Other parameters
such as number of tubes, inlet velocity of
Diesel, number of shell and tube passes, etc.
are remodified to keep the overdesign percent
indicator from 0% to 5%. A negative
overdesign percent means that the initial
dimensions of the heat exchanger did not
satisfy the given requirement. Thus it is under
designed and might not work. On the other
hand, if the over design percent exceeds
above 5%, the heat exchanger design is more
expensive to construct and will not be
economically feasible to use.
2017
 After an overdesign percent of less than 5% The maximum mass flowrate of inlet
was achived, the final inlet and outlet nozzle water was calculated to be 1.733 m/s in order
dimensions, final pressure etc. were inputted. for the heat exchanger to operate efficiently.
The TEMA design time was also assigned to
The computed overdesign percent
AFN type. The design specifications was
was 3.75%. The design satisfied the margin
then exported as CAD file and was opened
for an efficient HE design.
using AUTOCAD 2016.
The computed area required for heat
TEMA Standard:
III. HEAT AFN Type
EXCHANGER DESIGN
transfer is 15.99 m2.
SPECIFICATIONS AND CALCULATION
Calculations:
Description:
Heat balance :
A-Type front header
Qdiesel = (2 1)
This type of header is easy to repair and
= (5kg/s)(2092J/(kg-K))(60C-105C)
replace. It also gives access to the tubes for
cleaning or repair without having to disturb = -470, 645 W

the pipe work. It does however have two seals Qwater = (2 1)

(one between the tube sheet and header and
= (1.733kg/s)(4178J/(kg-K))(70C-5C)
the other between the header and the end
plate). This increases the risk of leakage and = 470, 645 W
the cost of the header over a B-Type Front
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient
Header.

F-Type shell

This is generally used when pure

countercurrent flow is required in a two tube
side pass unit. This is achieved by having two
shells side passesthe two passes being
separated by a longitudinal baffle. The main
problem with this type of unit is thermal and
hydraulic leakage across this longitudinal
= 716.2 W/m2-K
baffle unless special precautions are taken.
IV. Conclusion
N-Type rear header
IV. CONCLUSION
An AFN type Shell and Tube Heat
The advantage of this type of header is that
Exchanger was successfully designed using
the tubes can be accessed without disturbing
LV software, satisfying the requirements
the pipe work. However, they are difficult to
from the given simulation problem. The
maintain and replace since the header and
designed SATHE satisfied the overdesign %
tube sheet are an integral part of the shell.

AFN TYPE 2-4 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Design for Diesel-Water Heat Transfer 2017
 margin. Thus, the designed heat exchanger
will operate efficiently and the materials to be
used during construction are also
economically wise.

V.V.
Recommendation
RECOMMENDATION
It is recommended to design another
type of heat exchanger (eg. Double pipe,
cross-flow heat exchanger. etc.) for Diesel-
Water heat transfer so that the efficiency of
these heat exchangers can be compared.
Also, the future heat exchanger designers can
also change the tube material to be used
instead of stainless steel alone.

VI.
VI.References
REFERENCES
[1] Anonymous. Heat Exchanger. viewed 22
March 2017, from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_exchanger

[2] Sandeep K. Patel, 2Professor Alkesh M.

Mavani. Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger Thermal
Design With Optimization of Mass Flow Rate and
Baffle Spacing. International Journal of
Advanced Engineering Research and Studies,
Page 1.

[3] Brogan, R.J..Shell and Tube Heat

Exchangers. viewed 22 March 2017, from
http://www.thermopedia.com/content/1121/

[4] Sandeep K. Patel, 2Professor Alkesh M.

Mavani. Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger Thermal
Design With Optimization of Mass Flow Rate and
Baffle Spacing. International Journal of
Advanced Engineering Research and Studies,
Page 1.

[5] Sandeep K. Patel, 2Professor Alkesh M.

Mavani. Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger Thermal
Design With Optimization of Mass Flow Rate and
Baffle Spacing. International Journal of
Advanced Engineering Research and Studies,
Page 1.

AFN TYPE 2-4 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Design for Diesel-Water Heat Transfer 2017