DECLARATION

I declare that the work on this project/dissertation was carried out in accordance with
the regulations of Universiti Teknologi MARA. The project/dissertation is original
and it is the result of my own work, unless otherwise indicated or acknowledged as
referenced work.

In the event that my project/dissertation be found to violate the conditions mentioned

above, I voluntarily waive the right of conferment of my degree of the Bachelor
Surveying Science and Geomatics (Honours) and agree be subjected to the
disciplinary rules and regulations of Universiti Teknologi MARA.

Name of Student : Muhamad Syahiir Bin Ramli

Students ID No : 2013876676
Project/Dissertation Title : LiDAR Dataset Toward Topographic Map Revision
Case Study: Batu Caves
Signature and Date :

Approved by:

I certify that I have examined the students work and found that they are in
accordance with the rules and regulations of the Department and University and
fulfills the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Surveying
Science and Geomatics (Honours).

Name of Supervisor : Assoc. Prof Sr Dr Jasmee Jaafar

Signature and Date :

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 ABSTRACT

Topographic map is map that consist the information of topographic feature that
show on the pieces of paper or in digital format. The information such as land cover,
contour, water bodies and building is most important information in topographic map
production. In Malaysia topographic map are produced by Department of Survey and
Mapping Malaysia (DSMM) or (JUPEM). Various scale of topographic map are
produced that department to fulfill the responsibility in provided the topographic map
either for public user or government user. JUPEM produce and revised the
topographic map by using satellite data and photogrammetry approach. They usually
use the image to extract the feature and also elevation information using certain
software and it take a long period to complete. However, the technologies are
changes and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is the one of method could be
applied in topographic map revision as primary data. LiDAR was using laser in
getting information of topographic height. From the point cloud (laser point) it
consist the information of horizontal and vertical position (x,y,z) then from that
point, DTM and DSM can be generated by using Triangulation Irregular Network
(TIN). Then from the TIN, raster DTM or DSM can be produced and in the same
time contour can be generated. The objectives of this study are; i) to test the
capability of LiDAR data in production of the topographic map. ii) to compare the
best software suitable for contour generating and topographic map revision. It was
found that the capabilities of LiDAR are proven by two techniques which are
qualitative and quantitative assessment. Qualitative assessment shows the quality
contour generated by DTM and compare with the existing JUPEM contour with
specific contour interval and scale of the map. Different scale have different contour
interval. For quantitative assessment it was found the RSME of x,y and z positioning
and the value was compared to USGS Map Accuracy (1947). RMSE of x,y three
software used which are ArcGIS,QGIS and Global Mapper. The evaluation of RMSE
x and y is 2.041m,2.05m and 2.08m for all software.For RMSE of z positioning is
0.318m. LiDAR data are satisfied the criteria by USGS Map Accuracy (1947) and
suitable be use to topographic map revision.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

In the name of Allah the Most Benificent and Merciful. Alhamdulillah I finally
successfully completed this study in a timely manner. I would like to express my
high apprieciation to all those who involve in complete this report.

First of all, a special thanks to my supervisor Assoc. Prof Sr Dr Jasmee Jaafar for his
guidance, attention and valuable advise during in complete this study through the
period given. No forgotten, to staff from Center Of Studies Surveying and Geomatics
that give good cooperation to finish this study.

I would like to say thank you to Department Surveying and Mapping Malaysia for
the cooperation in given the data to complete this study. To my friend that involve in
complete my study in helping me and give an idea in finish this study.

Finally, I would like to express my special gratitude to my parent that give a moral
support and who involved directly or indirectly in facilitating the implementation of
this study until I achieved the objective of this study.