Student-centered learning, also known as learner-centered education, broadly encompasses

methods of teaching that shift the focus of instruction from the teacher to the student.
Inclusive teaching strategies refer to any number of teaching approaches that address the
needs of students with a variety of backgrounds, learning styles, and abilities. These strategies
contribute to an overall inclusive learning environment, in which students feel equally valued.
Developmentally appropriate practice, often shortened to DAP, is an approach to teaching
grounded in the research on how young children develop and learn and in what is known about
effective early education. Its framework is designed to promote young children's optimal learning
and development.
Culturally relevant or responsive teaching is a pedagogy grounded in teachers' displaying
cultural competence: skill at teaching in a cross-cultural or multicultural setting. They enable
each student to relate course content to his or her cultural context.
In other words, research-based teacher education also refers to the teaching provided by
teacher educators. The interesting thing is that in the case of teacher educators the subject they
conduct research is teaching. For a teacher educator, the subject of the teaching and the target
of the research is the very same.

THE SPIRAL CURRICULUM. 3. What is a spiral approach? The spiral approach is a

technique often used in teaching where first the basic facts of a subject are learned, without
worrying about details.
A reaction to didactic approaches such as behaviorism and programmed instruction,
constructivism states that learning is an active, contextualized process of constructing
knowledge rather than acquiring it. Knowledge is constructed based on personal experiences and
hypotheses of the environment.

Often, collaborative learning is used as an umbrella term for a variety of approaches in education that involve
joint intellectual effort by students or students and teachers by engaging individuals in interdependent learning
activities

The integrative approach also refers to the infusion of a person's personality and needs - integrating the
affective, behavioural, cognitive, and physiological systems within one person, as well as addressing social and
spiritual aspects.