ESTRATTO DAL Rendiconti del Seminario della Facolta di Scienze dell’ Universita di Cagliari Volume LV (1985) « fascicolo 2Rendiconti Seminario Facolta Scienze Universit Cagliari Vol. 55 Fase. 2 (1985) A Riemannian structure in Lagrange geometry V. OPROIU (*) Riassunto. Utilizzando la connessione nonlineare definita dalle equazioni di Euler Lagrange si dimostra che una varieta di Lagrange ammette una struttura simplettica Si determina quindi, per la metrica di Sasaki indotta sul fibrato tangente dalla connessione nonlineare considerata, la connessione di Levi Civita. Tale connessione induce sul fibrato verticale e orizzontale connessioni lineari che sono in relazione con Uequivalente della connessione di Cartan usata nello studio degli spazi di Finsler. Infine si determina la curvatura e si ottengono le identita di Bianchi In Lagrange geometry the metric tensor is obtained, like in the case of the Finsler geometry, as the Hessian, with respect to the tangential coordinates of 2 smooth function defined on the tangent bundle. This function is called a Lagrangian and it is assumed to be regular, ise. the above Hessian is nondegene- rate, However, no homogeneity condition is imposed to this Lagrangian. Thus, the Lagrange geometry appears as a generalization of the Finsler geometry. Some authors has obtained a further generalization by considering a metric tensor field which is not necessarilly expressed as a Hessian, The corresponding manifolds are called generalized Finsler spaces but the term generalized Lagrange spaces seems to be more appropriate. Recently, several physical applications of the Finsler geometry have been given in connection with Yukawa’s bilocal theory, particle physics, high-energy cosmic ray phenomena, the generalized Einstein equations, etc. {1], (2), [3]. It is supposed that the naturalsympletic structure defined on a Lagrange manifold will give some possibilities to study some important problems of theoretical physics, e.g. geometric quantization, geometrical gauge theory, etc. [4]. In this paper we study the differential geometry of the tangent bundle to a Lagrange manifold. Using the nonlinear connection defined by the Euler-Lagrange equations, we consider a Riemannian metric on the tanget bundle, similar to (*) Faculty of Mathematics, University of Iasi, Romania. Presentato il 6/8/1985.V. OPROIU the Sasaki metric. Next we obtain the Levi Civita connection associated with this metric. It appears that this connection is strongly related to the Cartan connection used in the Finsler geometry [5], [6], [7]. However the vertical and horizon- tal subbundles defined by the given nonlinear connection are not necessarily pre- served by the parallel transport associated with the Levi Civita connection. The local coordinate expressions of the curvature tensor field of this connection are given explicitly and the corresponding Bianchi identities are written down. Functions, vector fields, tensor fields and geometric objects we consider are assumed to be differentiable and of class C~. Throughout this paper ¥ (TM) denotes the ring of smooth functions over the tangent bundle 7M of the mani- fold M and %(TM) will be the #(TM)-module of vector fields over TM. The vector fields from % (TM) are denoted by X, Y, Z, W, etc. The Latin indices hij. k Lm, r,... run over the set {1,...,}and the summation convention is used The final version of this paper was given while the author was a guest at the Departments of Mathematics of the Universities of Cagliari and Bari. The authors expresses his thanks to professors A. Cossu, R. Caddeo, B. Casciaro and O. Amici from these Universities for their kind invitations and many illuminating discussions. 1, THE NONLINEAR CONNECTION Let M be a smooth n-dimensional manifold and let 7M be its tangent bundle. We have on 7M a 2n-dimensional manifold structure induced from the smooth vector bundle structure of 7M. Then the natural projection @ : TM > M which associates with every € TM the point of M in which y is tangent, becomes a smooth submersion and the coordinate transformations of TM preserve the vector space structure on the tangent spaces to M. Let (U, x1, ...,.x") bea local chart on M. Then the local chart (@-4(W), x4, 2... x" yh. 9") is induced naturally on TM where the local coordinates of y € @~1(U) C TM are obtained as follows. The first n coordinates are the local coordinates of the point @(y) € U in the local chart (U, x!, ..., x") of M, next the last ” local coordinates of y are the vector space coordinates of » with respect to the local natural frame defined by (U, x!,...,x") (=) Ot ax! Tey For convenience we should delete @ from the expression x/ © @ so that the local coordinates on TM will be written simply x/, y/i = 1,... , n. Some- times we shall use also the notation y! =x" +! =x" A coordinate transformation xf = M(x}, ... x") on M determines the following coordinate transformation‘A RIEMANNIAN STRUCTURE IN LAGRANGE GEOMETRY 2 a) The natural frame over & ~'(U) defined by the local chart (@~!(U), x!, y4) j a a8 a is D Jana the coordinate transformation (1) \axt ax") ayl a determines the following change of the natural frames a arxk D thy a ark a (2) —= Hp = ax! axtax’ ayk ax! ark ay! ax! axe The kernel VM of the differential TG : TTM > TM of the natural projection @: TM + M is a vector subbundle of TMM, called the vertical distribution a a | Sores zl determine a local frame in ay! ay" over TM. The local vector fields VTM. : a REMARK. Since the changes of the local frames (= Jor VTM are the same ay! a as the changes of the natural local frames (Sor TM, then, for every point \ ay p © M and every vector y € 7,,M tangent to M in p we obtain a naturally defined ae isomorphism between 7,M and V,TM given as follows. If z, = 2! |—] € 7 a ax a (| is the element of V,7M corresponding to Fi The vector 25, is called the vertical lift to y of the tangent vector z,. The vertical lift of a vector field on M is obtained by lifting its values to the elements of TM and is a smooth vector field on TM. The vertical lift can be extended to functions and 1-forms, next to arbitrary tensor fields defined on M. For a smooth function f on M and a I-form w on M the corresponding vertical lifts are: f= 6tf=fos, w= Fw. fpf then zy ‘Then if S and T are tensor fields on M, define: (S@ TP =S* eT In the differential geometry of the tangent bundle it is quite convenient to use a complementary vector subbundle to V7M in TTM. Then. instead of the a vector fields =F over & ~1(U) we shall use some vector fields giving a local xt4 ‘V. OPROIU. frame adapted to this complementary vector subbundle. DEFINITION. A nonlinear connection on the manifold M is defined by a vector subbundle HTM over TM, complementary to V7M in TTM: TTM = HTM 6 VIM The vector subbundle HTM is called the horizontal vector subbundle defined by the considered nonlinear connection. Some linear algebra shows that in HTM there exists a local frame defined by the local vector fields: nc) a 3) == aM bx! ax! ay’ 6 Then the 2n vector fields — , — ;i=1,...,n, define a local frame over 6x! * ay! G-1(U) © TM, adapted to the above direct sum decomposition. Moreover, the transformation formulae (2) and the condition for HTM to be globally de- fined imply the following transformation formulae for the adapted local frame 88 ox! apt” 5 a 5 a ark a 4 oe a ay! ax ape ax! ax! oF ‘Then the transformation formula for the coefficients NF is: axt —, avF — arxh ae on 6) sr M —t+ ax! axkax! REMARK. If the horizontal distribution H7M is invariant under the homo- theties of the tangent spaces to M it follows that the nonlinear connection is obtained from a usual linear connection NE =rt y* where Ik, depend on x! only. th REMARK. Since the transformation formulae for the adapted local frames 6 a Zi of HTM are the same as the changes of the natural local frames => of bx x! TM, just like in the case of the vertical lift, we may define naturally the hori- zontal lift 2* of a vector z, a 2 (=) €T,Mtoy€T,M by >‘A RIEMANNIAN STRUCTURE IN LAGRANGE GEOMETRY i A | r zheazt (__ : y 7 axi], Next, the horizontal lift for arbitrary tensor fields over M is defined as follows: f* =0, wht) =0, wher w(z) and: (S TY =Sh eT’ +s¥eTh where f is a smooth function on M, w is a I-form and S, 7 are arbitrary tensor fields. REMARK. We have: (6) (axiyt = by! = dy! + Nhaxk and, by a straightforward comutation, we verify that dx!, 5y! Thooenis er) is a local coframe, dual to the frame — , — , +n, adapted to . bx!” ay! the direct sum decomposition of T7M: (ss) — } = sy! {— ay* Next Since the considered manifold satisfies the usual topological conditions which assures the existence of the partition of unity, it follows that nonlinear connec- tions always exist. It is enough to define the horizontal vector subbundle HTM as the orthogonal complement of V7M with respect to a Riemannian metric on TM. However, as we shall see, in some specific situationsit would be desirable to get a nonlinear connection arising from some geometric problems. For example, in the case of Lagrange manifolds, the nonlinear connection is obtained from the Euler-Lagrange equations dx? 2 i by’ (S)-4- DEFINITION. A regular Lagrangian on M is a smooth real-valued function L : TM ~ IR defined on the tangent bundle such that the matrix with the entries: aL © aylayk @ Sig is everywhere nondegenerate REMARK. Since the formulae (4) we get the change rule:6 ‘YV. OPROIU axh axl Sik = 8a 5 ae thus the condition for L to be regular is independent of the chosen local chart. DEFINITION. A Lagrange manifold is a smooth manifold M carrying a regular Lagrangian. Throughout this paper we shall assume further that the matrix given by (7) is positive, although almost our results are still valid in the general case of the Lagrange manifolds. Recall that in the case of Lagrange manifolds, for every smooth path in M 7: +M, where J. = [a, b] CIR is a closed interval, the action integral is defined by: [bens Shl= ofr, Ja dt dy where —~ denotes the vector tangent to in 7(1). The Euler-Lagrange equations t satisfied by the extremal paths (with fixed endpoints) of the considered action are: al dt a) ax! ax! where x! = x(t) is the local coordinate expression of y and x! = - Using It the composite function differentiation and the formula (7) defining g,, the Euler-Lagrange equations become aPxk aL dx aL (oa —— = * at axk ax! dt ax! Next transvecting by g” — the entries of the inverse of the nondegenerate matrix g, , ~ we get. a axe | , at? "at where (9) G(x, yf ‘( et ot hel n " axkay! axt -‘A RIEMANNIAN STRUCTURE IN LAGRANGE GEOMETRY 7 Then, following the general theory from the Finsler geometry, we get a natu- rally defined nonlinear connection: 1 aG* (10) ME" > pr yy’ We shall see later on that this nonlinear connection has some remarkable properties. REMARKABLE. The same nonlinear connection was obtained in another way in [8]. According to the Frobenius theorem, the complete integrability of the diffe- rential system over 7M, defined by HTM depends on the vanishing of the brackets (2 6 | 6 —. —], modulo — ,..., x!” 5x* bx! We have: 8 ay [*. where: ; tex! oxk axt axk OF yh yl Thus, HTM is completly integrable if and only if R4, = 0. The tensor field R#., measuring the nonholonomy of HTM corresponds to the torsion tensor field of a nonholonomic space as defined by G. Vranceanu or to the Chern- Bernard invariant of the G-structure defined by @ differential system. It will be called the torsion tensor field of the given nonlinear connection REMARK. Taking the exterior differential in (6) we get: 1 ani, a3) doy! = ee yk Ndxt where we have used the formula oF ar df= xt dx! + — 6! f€ A(T) x a for the differential of a function, deduced from the fact that (dx!, 5y) is dual 68 w=, =) Bxt” ay!8 V.OPROIU From the Jacobi identity satisfied by the bracket or, equivalently, by taking the exterior differential in (13), we obtain the following identity: 6 a ( (4) xp RE+R! — NA luo oe liek PETRY et where |_| denotes the sum obtained by cyclic permutations of i,j,k. ai In the case of the Lagrange manifolds the torsion tensor field Ri, satisfies some other important identities. Consider the I-form: aL «sy 6= — ax! ay! defined globally on M. Then: PROPOSITION 1. The exterior differential of the I-form 0 is: (16) 6 =g, by! Adx*, PROOF. Differentiate in (15). p 1,5 Le : = (Fado t pt Ot] Aa Next verify by a straightforward computation, using (3) and (10) that: 6 aL 6 Ob (17) Sai pe pe =? proving (16). REMARK. The tangent bundle of a Lagrange manifold carries a symplectic structure defined by the exact (hence closed) 2-form d¥, whose rank is maximal PROPOSITION 2. if Mf is a Lagrange manifold then we have the following iden- tities: «sy DL enRh =0 in 8 bg, ane ag) oa &, —t =0 bxk 5x! 7 a‘A RIEMANNIAN STRUCTURE IN LAGRANGE GEOMETRY 9 PROOF. Differentiate in (16) and use (13): 58 08 0 =d*6 (=s xh, —* sy!) Nay! Nat + bx! ay! 1 any | +8ny (— Rh dx! Ndx! + —* by! Naxt | Nax* 24 ay! Next use the skew-symmetry of the exterior product and the property: ay ie ayk ay! obtained from the definition of g,,. REMARK. From the definition of the nonlinear connection on a Lagrange manifold we have too: anh ant (20) ae ayk ay! REMARK. On the tangent bundle of a Lagrange manifold the usual almost complex structure can be defined by (2 ) a ( a ) 6 Fl—J=—, F(—] =-— bxt Fay? ay! ax! and the Riemannian metric G similar to that Sasaki: a G = aydxidx! + ¢,,6y'8y!. By this, the distributions V7M, HTM are orthogonal each other and the Rie- mannian metrics induced from G on V7M and HTM have the same local coordi- a 6 nate expressions with respect to. the local frames =—, —— adapted to VM yy!” Bx and HTM, respectively. The almost complex structure F and the Riemannian metric G define an almost Hermitian structure on TM and the associated exterior 2form ¢ given by $ (X, Y) = G(X, FY), X. ¥ © & (TM), has the following local coordinate expression 6 6 (hd bxt bx10 V. OPROIU We deduce: o=d0 hence the almost Hermitian structure defined above is almost Kihlerian. Remark that this structure is Kahlerian if and only if the almost complex structure F is integrable and this happens if and only if the differential system defined by HTM is completely integrable (see also [9], [10}). We conclude this section with few remarks concerning the nonlinear connec- tions defined in the case of the Finsler and generalized Lagrange spaces. First of all Berwald obtained the coefficients Gi of his nonlinear connection from the same Euler-Lagrange equations as above. Next, R. Miron [11] and, later, S. Watanabe and F. Ikeda [12] obtained some nonlinear connections from the Lagrangian L = 1/2 g,,y/y* under some regularity assumptions. Thus the nonlinear connection A given by (10) offers a unitary point of view about the subject. 2. THE LEVI-CIVITA CONNECTION Consider the Riemannian metric (21) defined on the tangent bundle 7M of the smooth manifold M. Remark that, for the moment being, we do not assume that g,, is obtained by (7), hence the results from the first part of this section are valid in the case of the generalized Lagrange manifolds. Denote by D the Levi Civita connection of G. We intend to obtain its local coordinate & 8 expression with respect to the local frame — , — bx! ay! to the direct sum decomposition TTM = HTM © VTM, defined by a given non- linear connection on TM. For convenience denote: D,=D - +, adapted ojsxt > 1 = Pyay!A RIEMANNIAN STRUCTURE IN LAGRANGE GEOMETRY Tt From the condition for D to be torsion-free, we get: NE (23) ch=ch, bh= vk, DK = Dk, i "i i pit Next, from the condition DG = 0 we deduce: ag, ‘h a 8H gh . (24) Chitay + 8inChy = ae Bay + ABin = " te Pisnj + Bin Prey Cf " Ph aj — Phin Di Buy +4 /8in = © The system determined by (23) and (24) can be solved (see [13]) to: pe (25) che Taking the components from VM of the covariant derivatives of the sections of VTM, with respect to D, we get a linear connection V induced by D on VM. The local coordinate expressions are (26) REMARK. The tensor fields bj,, DX, can be considered as defining the second12 V. OPROIU. fundamental form of V7M in TTM. Similarly, the Levi Civita connection D induces a linear connection, denoted too by V, on the horizontal vector subbundle HTM of TTM: 5 6 6 (27) Vee Oe ans vV— =F bx a ox * xt Remark that the coefficients Cf, Ff, obtained above that the same expressions as the similar coefficients from the theory of Finsler connections (see [6], [14])- PROPOSITION 3. The coefficients of, Fi, from the formulae (26), (27), do coin- cide if and only if the nonlinear connection satisfies the relation (19). PROOF. By a straightforward computation. Now suppose that M is a Lagrange manifold, ie. g,, are given by (7) and the nonlinear connection is given by (10). PROPOSITION 4. If M is a Lagrange manifold then the local coordinate expres- sion of the Levi Civita connection of the Riemannian metric G is: » 2 (a x) 2 (28) —+|—t-F Ja ayt Vay! YT ox# kai gkh : +(Ci 48 Rin) me s sgtha,) 2. (2 = (Ch He Ry) ie. (29) where: (30)‘A RIEMANNIAN STRUCTURE IN LAGRANGE GEOMETRY 13 gen ( 28m, 28m By : 1 =e,Rh aoe oe dx! "xh ox? PROOF. The formulae (28) are obtained from (25) using the identities (18), (19), (20). In the case of the Lagrange manifolds the connection V induced on V7M and HTM is written as follows: Let us remark that the connection V induced on V7M does coincide with the Cartan connection used in the Finsler geometry. The connection V induced on HTM from the same Levi Civita connection differs from the Cartan connection 6 in the expression of Vz — 6x! Finally, let us write the local coordinate expression for the connections D and V on the dual vector bundles (over 7M) of TTM, VTM, HTM . We have: only by the term g*R,,,° a BD D;by* =—Chby! + Phdx!, D,by* =— Gy! —didx! Djdx* = —Di-dxi —bkby!, Djdx* =—Fhax! — Di by! vk ck gy. yk = — gk k =~ pray: (32) Viby* = —Ciby!, Vibyk = of Vydx' Dias), Vjaxk = — Fidx! In the case of the Lagrange manifolds we get: ank Gl) Dyby* =—Ckby! +|—2 — Fe ) ax! i rr 1 Djby* =—FRby! + (ci +> ai) avi fi i at Ry ok | gy7 ra }o Dydx* =— Phx} — (Ch tak Ry, yy! Thus14 V. OPROIU G32) Vj5yk =— Choy, Vjayk =— Fy by, Vax =— Flax! Vaxk =— (ck Bott Ryy) ax? 3. THE CURVATURE TENSOR FIELD First, we shall work in the case of the generalized Lagrange manifolds giving the local coordinate expressions of the curvature tensor field of the connection V defined by (26), (27), induced by D on the vector subbundles V7M and HTM. Use the well known definition of the curvature tensor field RX, Y) =VyVy — VV —Vixsyp X, Ye X(T) and the notations: a a a a Shey a(S. ay?” ayFl ay! tk ok RE yk +h Sin 4 Pik sh Rik Then we get: ack, ach (33) Se= > OTe +c%cl, —ChcyA RIEMANNIAN STRUCTURE IN LAGRANGE GEOMETRY 15 pe or ne etal CO Sas rt | + Di Dg — DEP art, sph ani Ly it fe pel ch pl nN k xh = —£4phFl —Ft pl +pt — rtd ee ace a ela a oy brR, 8Fh wh 2 SORE TT ph pl ph lg De! fH lore = ery Comparing these expressions with the corresponding expressions from the Finsler geometry we see that there are some essential differences. However, as we shall see, in the case of the Lagrange manifolds some curvatures are re- duced to the well known curvatures from the Finsler geometry. At this moment we shall obtain a kind of Gauss-Coddazzi formulae rela- ting the curvature tensor fields of D and V. Denote by K the curvature tensor field of D: K(X, Y)Z=D,DyZ—DyD Z; X,Y, Z€ & (1M). —Pxvy To obtain the desired correct local coordinate expressions, the tensor fields ©, 6, D, P, a will be throught of as sections in some tensor product bundles of HTM, VTM and their duals: Ch by! @ by @ D=Di, byl edxk @ a=al,dx/ @dx* @ — ik pe For the next use it is convenient to consider also the tensor field a Ri,dxi@dx* @—. Then the covariant derivatives of these tensor fields with ay! respect to will be obtained naturally. For example api pt tk gt pi pt pl 4 gi pl Vi Pig = A Oh Pl — Fann + hr Pe lik = a Now the formulae relating K and R are written as follows:16 V. OPROIU ACL phpl h pt Chia Pia + Per je a cl 4 pict nh ihc ah) Thus: (35) Similarly we get: . = Wop, — Veo “2 atl e ch A pl A pl (36) ft onPL, + bt, Pl, R= ph — php! — gh pl BD Koj = Pipe — PP ie — Meni bh -vph —V. bt abt pl 4 p'pl KE, =VDi Voi + bi Ph, + DIDi, or) 6 a 8 \8 » a 1 _ ph pl (38) Vai +V, Pi + ai Di, ~ PNP he A peh y pial i pl Rij = Pie + On tes + On Pi a ay* 6 oe +A RIEMANNIAN STRUCTURE IN LAGRANGE GEOMETRY 17 (39) Ki = Ri, +a4D!, —ah D1, Ki = Vie Ve Dy HOt Ru ee ee eee a (40) Ki, =Vat,—Vat PRR, Ki = Rik + Dah, — Dina Now suppose that M is a Lagrange manifold. Then the curvatures above can be further reduced. Corresponding to the formulae (33) we obtain: (41) Shy =—CACE + CECH, . ym Pip = O88 emd (CRP + > EG) = o iu 2 ay/ay* Re ee ane = CHP — PEC + — (OF 8 — 8 ni) HP Pais + F Om 85 ayloy* a _ -CsSse Rin = 5 Om oi 8 bmd \ Sor PP + PEP 1 arm — tk) _ ph pt a pl 5 =) Pa Pia + PEP ie Similarly uh gh 4 ght _ mr 5 (42) She = Sig EGR VER a + RyumB™ Rete — Rei R rh Prt =Phy +(— VR +R Pf) wh _ gh 4 ghl, m Rig = Rie FB RmiaRie The covariant derivatives Vz Ry % Rj, ate obtained as the coefficients in the expressions V;(R,,5»/ @ 5y! @ Sy’) and V,(Rypdv! @ by! @5y!), respecti- vely. The relations between the tensor fields R and K can be obtained in the case of the Lagrange manifolds just like in the general case.18 Y. OPROIU 4, THE BIANCHI IDENTITIES From the well known Bianchi identities satisfied by the curvature tensor field of the Levi Civita connection we obtain some important identities satisfied by the curvature tensor fields of the connection V. Thus, the Bianchi identities from the Finsler geometry are framed in a unitary point of view. First of all, recall that for the curvature tensor field K of the Levi Civita connection D we have: K(X, YZ + K(Y, Z)X + KZ, HY =0. Taking for X, Y, Z the vector fields of the local frames adapted to V7M and HTM and using the relations (35) - (40) we get the following essential identities: a)» =D Sh, =0 Ge WP Phe Phe + PO, PP iii) sph = Vt, — VD}, — DID, + DiPi iv) Rh, = VjPh—ViPh + Ph Pea PhP ky FY, Bt RED ~ RiP hi Sh hb _ pak pah 4 php! — ph pl VDE VPs = Ply Pe + PP — PP . ~ 4 A fh Re vi) YO AVR, + PARI} =0 uae) | vi) Yo (Rsk —DaRS }=0. | Gam) Next consider the second Bianchi identity satisfied by K: (Dy K\Y, Z) + (Dy KZ, X) + (DZ KX, Y) = 0 and write down the corresponding local coordinate formulae. Remark that the covariant derivatives with respect to D are the coefficients involved in D,K, D;K, where: — Kj; By! @ dx! by + idx! @by! @by* + K = (Kh ayo by! @ byk + KE, by! @ By! @dxk — | + Ki, by! ods! o dx’ + Kiydx! 0 6) dx* aK} dx! o dx! @ by +A RIEMANNIAN STRUCTURE IN LAGRANGE GEOMETRY 19 c a + Kh, dx! e dx! edxk)@ — + (Khgbylaby! @ by + y + Kb by! @ by! @dxt — Ki by! e dx! @by* + + Khgdx! ey! @ by* + Ki, by! edx! edxt + + Kh dx!e byle dx* — Kip dx! @ dx! @by* + A i : Ak 8 +Kipdx!e ds! @ dst) @ As an example we have: gh. 4 DR KR. — pm Kh mg KA + DM KT DEKE, + DEKE, OE D,Kije = Vik pe ~ 908 init ie iim a Ek _ ph xm i mR png DiKin — Phim Ki * PEK Gage + PT Kim OTK i The essential local coordinate expressions obtained from the second Biancl identity are: (44) i) YY sh, =0 (ijk) ii) YO UVRgh + Pp Re} =0 ik) iti) Yo Veszt=0 (Ghk) | j iv) Do GRE, + Ph RDS 0 Gk) vy) V,Siy + VP hy — Veh + Phim PM Plim Oki + Ste m ef — Shin Pe = 0 | vi) Wrgh + V, Pit —VPat + Rin Dt — Rin Dip + Pima — a PIP — Stim Rye = vii) VS ph + Went, — Veh it + Shin PT + Pim Dit — Phim DE = 0 A ye nee er pm vit) VR + Vey — VP lin + Plime Pip Pim Pte + Rim aif h opm sh pm = —R},,D™ Sh, RIE =0 Inj lim20 V. OPROIU REFERENCES [1] IKEDA S., Some Physical aspects induced by the internal variable in the theory of fields in Finsler spaces, Ii Nuovo Cimento 61 B (2), (1981), 220 - 228. {2] MIRON R., A Lagrangian theory of relativity. Seminarul de Geometrie Topologie, Reprint Series of the Univ. Timisoara 84 (1985), 53 pp [3] TAKANO Y., Theory of fields in Finsler spaces I, Progress in Theory, Physics 40 (1968), 1159 - 1180. [4] OPRotU V., A pseudo-Riemannian structure in Lagrange geometry, to appear. [5] MATSUMOTO M., The induced and intrinsic Finsler connections of a hypersurface and Finslerian projective geometry, to appear. J. Math. Kyoto Univ. [6] OPpRoW V., Some properties of the tangent bundle related to the Finsler geometry, Proceed. Nat. Sem. Finsler Spaces, vol. 1, Brasov 1980, 195 - 207 [7] RUND H., The differential geometry of Finsler spaces, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, etc., 1959. [8] KERN J., Lagrange geometry, Archiv. Math. 25 (1974), 438 - 443. [9] OpRotu V., Some remarkable structures and connections defined on the tangent bundle. Rendiconti di Matematica vol. 6 serie V1 (1973), 503 - $40. [10] SANINI A., Su un tipo di struttura quasi hermitiana del fibrato tangente ad uno spazio di Finsler. Rend, Sem. Mat. Univ. e Politec. Torino 32 (1973/74), 303 - 316. [11] MIRON R., Metrical Finsler structures and metrical Finsler connections, Journal Math Kyoto Univ. 23 (1983), 219 - 224. [12] WATANABE S., IKEDA F.,On metrical Finsler connections of a metrical Finsler structure, Tensor 39 (1982), 37-41. [13] BEIAN C.L., OPROI V., Embedding of the tangent bundle in Riemannian manifolds, to appear. [14] TAMASSY L., KISS B., Relations between Finsler and affine connections. Proceed. 11th Winter School on Abstract Analysis, Zelezna Ruda, 1983, Rend. Circ. Mat. Palermo, 2(1984), suppl. 3