Mike Gibson.

FAE
Echelon Corporation

Introduction to LonWorks
and LonMark Open Systems

May 11, 2011

11:00AM 12:00PM
Agenda

Welcome and Introductions

LONWORKS / LonMark the Mission
LONWORKS - the Technology
LONMARK - the Organization

2
LONMARK
THE MISSION
Computer Network

Standardized
Compatible products
Interchangeable
Interoperable
Customizable
Cost-efficient
Multi-vendor
Freedom of choice

4
 Computer Network

Enterprise
Operator Interface Solutions
IP/Ethernet LAN

Switch/Router

Computer Network

5
Device Network

Standardized
Compatible products
Interchangeable
Interoperable
Customizable
Cost-efficient
Multi-vendor
Freedom of choice

6
History of LON Adoption / Time

2011
ISO Standard 14908

Further Standards Adoption

Buildings, Gas Stations, Kitchen Equipment
Homes, Buildings, Trains, Freight Trains,
Semiconductor Manufacturing
Ma

ASIA Buildings, Controls, Homes

rke
tA

Standardized as ANSI/CEA-709.1-B
do

Became more commonly known as

pti

LON technology or simply, LON

n o

1990
LonMark International

The LonWorks
Platform
Larger Markets Served

HVAC/R
Building Lighting
Kitchen Equipment
Transportation
Home Automation
Smart Grid
 Integrated Building Automation

Remote Monitoring
and Control

LIGHTING
FIRE Schedules
Functionality checks Occupancy Sensing
Detector service
Fire, Life, Safety
LIFTS
Breakdown
SECURITY Maintenance
Doors Traffic Performance
PIR
Integration
COMMUNICATIONS
Voice/Video/Data
ACCESS
Doors 24/7 Monitoring
Buildings Breakdown
Occupancy Plant Tuning
Feed Forward Conditioned Monitoring
Car Park Utilisation
ENERGY
Utility Monitoring
(Elec/Water/Gas/Oil)
HVAC
Tenant Building Air-Handling Unit
Air/Water Boilers
Heat Pumps
Lighting Fans
Back-up Generation Energy Control
Variable Air Volume
E G W Air Quality
 QSR - LonWorks Connected Kitchen

In-Store Applications Food Production Management Enterprise Applications

Product Quality Monitoring
Equipment Configuration
Crew Management Operations Management
Customer Interface Inventory Management
Product Development
Equipment Performance
Remote Diagnostics & Repair

Firewall / VPN / Router

Store Ethernet / IP LAN

LonWorks Interface Embedded Production Supervisor

Production Alarm Management

Operations Scheduler
FT-10 FT-10 / PL-20
Data Logging
Router

Lighting PL-20
HVAC

Refrigeration
Signage
Drive-thru Control
Kitchen Equipment
New Markets

Street Lighting
Demand Side Management
Solar Energy
Trends lead to Open, Simple, Integrated

Standards Based
LON Is
Solid Technology Foundation
LON Is
Proven, Reliable, Secure, Accepted, Adopted
LON Is
Flexible, Scaleable Solutions
LON Is
No Built-In Obsolescence
LON Is
 LONMARK
THE TECHNOLOGY
 LONWORKS Platform
Open System Building Blocks
Building an open system platform

Design, and Installation Standards

Network Infrastructure Standards LONMARK System Definition
HMI/Installation Standards

Standardized Device FBs LONMARK Functional Profiles

Standardized System FBs

Standard Data Types

Standard Configuration Properties LONMARK Object Model
Function Blocks (FB)

Device data exchange ANSI/EIA 709.1 Communications Protocol

Standard Network Management
Network Variable Services

14
LonMark Standards - ISO/IEC 14908
ANSI/EIA/CEA-709.1 Protocol

An open standard protocol for control applications

Reference document available from Global Engineering

Protocol implementations are available from multiple vendors

Protocol can be ported to any processor
Echelons implementation is called the LonTalk protocol
Echelons Neuron firmware includes the LonTalk protocol
Echelon development systems include a royalty-free unlimited license
to use the Neuron firmware implementation

15
EIA-709.1 Protocol Layers

Application
Presentation
709.1 Implements the Session
ISO standard 7 Layers
Transport
Network
Many other control Data Link
protocols implement Physical
only 3 or 4 layers

Physical
Physical Media
Media

16
 ANSI/EIA/CEA-709.1
Protocol Layers
OSI Layer Purpose Services Provided

7 Application Application Compatibility Network Configuration; Network Diagnostics; File

Transfer; Application Configuration; Application
Specification; Alarming; Data Logging; Scheduling

6 Presentation Data Interpretation Network Variables; Application Messages;

Foreign Frame Transmission; Standard Types

5 Session Control Request-Response (NWM,Polling); Authentication

4 Transport End-to-End Reliability Acknowledged & Unacknowledged Message Delivery;

Duplicate Detection

3 Network Message Delivery Unicast & Multicast Addressing; Routers

2 Link Media Access and Framing Framing; Data Encoding; CRC Error Checking;
Predictive CSMA; Collision Avoidance;
Priority & Collision Detection

1 Physical Electrical Interconnect Media-Specific Interfaces and Modulation Schemes

(twisted pair, power line, radio frequency, coaxial cable,
infrared, fiber optic)

17
A Typical EIA-709.1 Packet

Layer 2 Layer 3 Layer 4 Layer 5/ 6 Layer 2

DATA
Header Address Information Service Type Header CRC
2 Bytes
Unsigned
Long 2 Bytes
Network
Variable
Selector 2 Bytes

Service Type ID
Transaction Num
1 Byte
Addr Format, Domain Length 1 Byte
Source Addr (Subnet/Node) 2 Bytes
Dest Addr (Group) 1 Byte
Domain ID (Zero Len Domain) 0 Bytes
Backlog
Priority 1 Byte
Alt Path
12 Bytes
18
Layer 1Physical Layer

Electrical interconnect
Transmission of bits over a communication
channel (on the wire)

1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1

800ns @ 1.25Mbps

19
LONMARK Channel Types

Name Media Bit Rate Definition Standard

FO-20L Fiber Optic 1.25Mbps ANSI/EIA/CEA-709.4 Yes
FO-20S Fiber Optic 1.25Mbps ANSI/EIA/CEA-709.4 Yes
IP-852 EIA/CEA-852 IP Tunneling N/A ANSI/EIA/CEA-852 Yes

PL-20A CENELEC A-band Power 2613bps ANSI/EIA/CEA-709.2 Yes

Line
PL-20C CENELEC C-band Power 3987bps ANSI/EIA/CEA-709.2 Yes
Line w/access
protocol
PL-20N CENELEC C-band Power 3987bps ANSI/EIA/CEA-709.2 Yes
Line w/o access
protocol
TP/FT-10 Free Topology Twisted Pair 78.13kbps ANSI/EIA/CEA-709.3 Yes

TP/RS485-39 RS-485 Twisted Pair 39.06kbps EIA/TIA-232-E Yes

TP/XF-1250 Transformer-Isolated 1.25Mbps LONMARK Interoperability Yes

Twisted Pair Guidelines

20
LONMARK Channels Types
Some Common Standard Channels

IP-852 Channel IP Backbone

(Switched 100Mbit,Gigabit Ethernet)
~ 35,000 PPS on 10baseT(10 Mbit)
scales with channel (100/1000 Mbit)
Supports aggregation
TP/XF-1250 Channel 1.25 Mbps
~ 720 Peak / 576 Sustained PPS

FT-10 Channel 78 Kbps

~ 220 Peak / 180 Sustained PPS

5 Kbps
PL-20 Channel
~ 20 PPS

21
ANSI/EIA/CEA 709.3-A
TP/FT-10 Channel

Singly-Terminated Bus Topology

Star Topology

Doubly-Terminated Bus Topology

Mixed Topology

Loop Topology = Termination

Unshielded & Shielded Twisted pair

Level IV, CAT 5, 24AWG ,16AWG
Polarity insensitive wiring
64 (128 linked power) devices on a single channel segment
22
Physical LayerTP/FT-10
Link Power
Sensor LPT-11
Power and network data carried +5VDCActuator
power
LPT-10
Device
Node
over a common twisted wire
pair
Power is supplied by a common LPT-11
LPT-10

central power supply Device

Node

To
48VDC
48VDC
LPI-10
LPI-10 LPT-11
additional
Power
Power
Supply
Link Power
Interface LPT-10
Device
Interface nodes
Supply LPT-10
LPT-11
Node
No power supplies required in any Device
of the devices in the network LPT-11
LPT-10
Node
Device
when used with the LPT-11 Link
Power Transceiver
Supports free topology wiring LPT-11
LPT-10
Node
architecture Device

23
Link LayerMedia Access Priority

Busy Channel Packet Cycle

1 2 3 ... n Packet
Packet

Priority Slots Non-priority Slots

Configurable priority messages
Reserved time slot
Reduces overall channel bandwidth
Priority slot number is assigned at installation time
No collisions possible during priority portion of packet
cycle following preceding packet
Highest priority message has predictable response time

24
Layer 3Network Layer
Message delivery
How data frames are routed from a source
1 SUBNET 1 127
device to one or more destination devices
Physical address
1 SUBNET 2 127
48-bit Neuron IDused for initial
configuration
1 SUBNET 3 127 Logical addresses
Domain Identifies subsystem on
GROUP 1
open media or large system
1 SUBNET 4 127
Subnet Subset of a domain typically
associated with a channel
1 SUBNET 255 127 Node Identifies device within subnet
Group Additional device identifiers
DOMAIN (32,385 Devices)
independent of subnet

25
 Network Layer
Addressing Modes
Address Size
Address Mode Address Format Destination (bytes)

Domain-wide Broadcast Domain (Subnet = 0) All devices in 3

the domain

Subnet-wide Broadcast Domain, Subnet All devices in 3

the subnet

Unicast Domain, Subnet, Node Specific device 4

within a subnet

Multicast Domain, Group All devices in 3

the group

Neuron ID Domain, Neuron-ID Specific device 9

Optimize bandwidth with multiple addressing modes

Application communications only requires 3- or 4-byte network addresses
Send messages to many devices using only a single 3-byte network address

26
Network Layer
Capacity

18,446,744,073,726,329,086 domains
255 subnets per domain
127 devices per subnet
32,385 devices per domain
256 groups per domain
64 devices per acknowledged group
32,385 devices per unacknowledged group

27
LONMARK 709.1 Network Routers

IP Backbone
(Switched 100Mbit,Gigabit Ethernet)

Connect channels R
together
R

R
Extend
Length
Devices count
R
Isolate
Electronic noise
Network traffic

28
LONMARK 709.1 Network Routers

Application Frameworks with 709.1 Interfaces

Laptop computers
Workstations

LONWORKS/IP Backbone
(LAN-Switched 100Mbit,Gigabit Ethernet or WAN/Internet)

709.1 System Level Routing

R R

Provides Direct LONMARK Object Binding (Connections)

29
Layer 4 - Transport Layer

Provides reliable delivery of message packets

S R
Three message delivery services
Acknowledged Acknowledged - Unicast

Sending device requires acknowledgment from all

receiving devices
RRR
All acknowledgments are end-to-end S R
Automatic retries if acknowledgement not received
Acknowledged - Multicast
Repeated
Configurable number of messages per transaction
Conserves bandwidth with large groups
Better response time S R
Three repeats provides > 99.999% probability of delivery Repeated-
Unicast or Multicast
Unacknowledged
One message per transaction
Conserves network bandwidth and provides highest performance S R
Duplicate detection prevents repeated messages to the Unacknowledged -
application Unicast or Multicast

30
Layer 5 - Session Layer

Adds control to the data

exchanged by the lower layers
S R
Request/response service
RRR Used for device management,
S R fetching values, and requesting other
remote actions
Authentication
Verifies identity of message sender

31
Session Layer
Authentication
Sender Authenticated Message Receiver
64 bit Random Challenge

Key used to Key used to compare

transform response to value
challenge transformed locally.
Challenge Response

Acknowledgment

Verifies identity of message sender

Uses a 48-bit secret key known by each device
Sender must provide correct reply to 64-bit random
challenge from the receiver

32
Interoperability Guidelines

Data interpretation
Standard representation of data types
Standardized functional behavior of a
nodes
LONMARK objects
encapsulated network interaction of
defined functions
Standardized support of smooth and
trouble free installation
Self documentation of a network oriented
external interface
Guidelines for Network Management

33
Standard Network Variable Types
Are The Core Of Interoperability
SNVT_temp Temperature Degrees Celsius -274..6271 0.1
degree
SNVT_angle Phase/Rotation Radians 0 - 65 0.001 rads

SNVT_speed Speed Meters/Sec 0 - 6553 0.1 m/s

SNVT_elapsed_tm Elapsed Time HH:MM:SS 0 - 65535 days 1 msec

SNVT_lev_cont Continuous Level Percent 0 - 100% 0.5%

SNVT_ascii ASCII String Characters 30 Chars N/A

SNVT_count Events Count 0 - 65535 1 Count

Ref: SNVT Master List und Programmers Guide

Layer 6 - Presentation Layer

Room Temp Temp

Set Point

Temp Sensor
(Made in USA) Boiler System
(Made in Europe)

Set Point
23
Setpoint Display
(Made in Korea)
Data exchanged using network variables
Propagation automatically handled by Neuron firmware
Provides fastest and most compact code
Devices from different manufacturers can exchange data with a common
interpretation
Presentation LayerUsing Network Variables

Room Occupied Feedback

Motion

Brightness

Motion Detector Lamp

Key Code
0% - 100%

Control Knob
Intruder
Alarm
Arm / Disarm
Key Pad

Alarm Bell
Sensors publish information, and actuators subscribe to
the information of interest to them!

36
Presentation LayerAdding Devices

Motion Room Occupied Feedback

Brightness

Motion Detector Lamp

0% - 100%
Key Code

Control Knob

Intruder

Arm / Disarm
Alarm
Key Pad

Alarm Bell

Devices are logically connected (bound) together

without affecting the application program in the
device!
37
Presentation Layer
Standard Network Variable Types

38
Presentation LayerStandard Formatting

Standard formatting for standard types ensures consistent data

presentation in tools and HMIs
Example
A SNVT_temp_p value of 2940 is displayed as follows:

29.4 degrees C

84.9 degrees F

52.9 degrees F

39
Application Layer
Configuration Properties

40
Application LayerNetwork Configuration and
Diagnostics
Network Management and Diagnostic Messages
Query Status Update Group Address Data
Proxy Command Query Domain
Clear Status Update Net Variable Config
Query Transceiver Status Set Node Mode
Query ID Read Memory
Respond to Query Write Memory
Update Domain Checksum Recalculate
Leave Domain Wink
Update Key Memory Refresh
Update Address Query SNVT
Query Address Network Variable Fetch
Query Net Variable Config Device Escape Code

Common standard foundation for network

installation and diagnostic tools
41
Layer 7Application Layer

Defines standard network services that use data

exchanged by the lower layers
Network configuration
Network diagnostics
File transfer
Application configuration
Application specification
Alarming
Data logging
Scheduling

42
Application Layer
Application Model

Functional block
Portion of a devices application that
performs a task
Receives configuration and
operational data inputs
Processes the data
Sends operational data outputs

43
Functional Profile:
HVAC Temperature Sensor

HVAC Temp. Sensor

Functional Profile: 1040
Mandatory
nvoHVACTemp
nv1
SNVT_temp_p
Network
Variable
Mandatory Configuration Properties
Mandatory
nc49 - Max Send Time Configuration
nc52 - Min Send Time
nc64 - Temp Send on Delta Properties

nvoFixPtTemp Optional
nv2
SNVT_temp
nvoFloatTemp
Network
nv3
SNVT_temp_f Variables

Optional Configuration Properties Optional

Configuration
nc70 - Temperature Offset
Properties

44
Application LayerAlarming

Node Object
Mandatory Network Variables

nv1 nviRequest nv2 nvoStatus

SNVT_obj_request SNVT_obj_status

Optional Network Variables Standard alarm

nv3 nviTimeSet
SNVT_time_stamp
nv10 nvoAlarm2
SNVT_alarm_2
reporting output,
nvoAlarm

nviDateEvent
nv4
SNVT_alarm

nvoDateResync
includes:
nv9 nv11
SNVT_date_event SNVT_switch

nv5 nviFileReq
nv6 nvoFileStat
Alarm type
SNVT_file_req SNVT_file_status

nv7 nviFilePos nv8 nvoFileDirectory

Alarm priority
SNVT_file_pos SNVT_address

nv12 nviLogReq
SNVT_log_req
nv13 nvoLogStat
SNVT_log_status
Alarm time
Configuration Properties Sequence number
Mandatory Optional
Device Major Version
Device Minor Version
Alarm description
Functional Block Major Version

Ensures consistent
Functional Block Minor Version
Location
Maximum Status Send Time
Minimum Send Time (Send Throttle)
Network Configuration Source
reporting of alarm
events
45
 Application LayerScheduling

Calendar Scheduler
Mandatory network variables
Mandatory network variables
nv1 nvoPresentValue
Optional network variables SNVT_xxx

nv1 nviDateResync nv1 nvoDateEvent

Optional network variables
SNVT_switch SNVT_date_event
nv2 nviEnable
SNVT_switch
Configuration properties

Configuration properties
Mandatory Optional
Schedule Dates Effective Period Mandatory Optional
Minimum Send Time Default Output Delay Time Object Minor Version
Object Major Version Schedule Array Effective Period Override Behavior
Object Minor Version ScheduleTime-value Pair Array Maximum NV Length Override Value
Override Behavior Value Definition Maximum Send Time Schedule Name
Override Value NV Type Value Name
Schedule Name Object Major Version Weekly Schedule

Standard profile for identifying events based on date and time

Supports scheduling applications that work with scheduling devices from
multiple manufacturers

46
Application LayerData Logging

Data Logger

Mandatory Network Variables

nv1 nviDataValue nvoStatus

nv1 nviDataValue nv4
SNVT_xxx
SNVT_xxx SNVT_switch

nv2 nviClear
SNVT_switch

Optional Network Variables

nv3 nviEnable nvoLevAlarm

nv5
SNVT_switch SNVT_alarm_2

Configuration Properties

Mandatory Optional
cpLogCapacity cpFanInEnable cpNVType
cpLogNotifyThreshold cpLogAlarmThreshold cpObjMajVer
cpLogSize cpLogHighLimit cpObjMinVer
cpLogType cpLogLowLimit cpPollRate
cpLogMinDeltaTime cpSourceAddress
cpLogMinDeltaValue cpTimestampEnable
cpMaxAlSendTime
cpMaxFanIn
cpMaxNVLength
cpMaxSendTime

Standard profile for collecting data in a log

Currently if final review by the LONMARK BAS Task Group
Collect data locally
Archive data remotely
View data locally or remotely
47
Application Layer
File Transfer Protocol

Standard service for transferring large blocks of data

Data stream sent in six packet data windows
Five unacknowledged application message packets
Followed by one request/response application message packet
Avoids overhead of acknowledging every packet
85% of packets contain data; only 15% overhead for acknowledgements
Allows recovery from a lost packet within six packets

48
LONMARK 709.1 Network Routers

Application Frameworks with 709.1 Interfaces

Laptop computers
Workstations

LONWORKS/IP Backbone
(LAN-Switched 100Mbit,Gigabit Ethernet or WAN/Internet)

709.1 System Level Routing

R R

Provides Direct LONMARK Object Binding (Connections)

49
Non 709.1 Network Routing

Thin (Web) Clients

Laptop computers
Windows Workstations
(Gateway software)
(Gateway software)

IP Backbone
(LAN-Switched 100Mbit,Gigabit Ethernet or WAN/Internet)

G G
Gateways

LONMARK Controllers

50
LONMARK Configuration Frameworks

User Interfaces Installation / Configuration Plug-in Tools Thin (Web) Clients

Laptop computers
Windows Workstations
(with Web gateway)

LONWORKS/IP Backbone
(LAN-Switched 100Mbit,Gigabit Ethernet or WAN/Internet)

709.1 System Level Routing

R R

51
 LONMARK System Architecture

GUI with 709.1 connectivity Thin (Web) Clients

Laptop computers
Windows Workstations
(with Web gateway)

LONWORKS/IP Backbone
(LAN-Switched 100Mbit,Gigabit Ethernet or WAN/Internet)

709.1 System Level Routing Option

R R G al
Web/X
ML
Gatew
G ay

Legacy Devices
52
 LONMARK Standards
A System Architecture Overview

Gateway

852

1.25 Mbit TP

53
LONMARK XML Standards

Functional Profiles
into XML

SNVTs and
SCPTs
into XML

and XIF Files

into XML
(coming soon)

54
 LONMARK
THE ORGANIZATION
LONMARK Devices Guarantee
Interoperability
LONMARK International
Independent Industry Association
Established in 1994
Task groups focus on specific industry LONMARK
requirements Logo
Define device SNVTs, Objects, Profiles, IP
connectivity
What we provide
Interoperability design guidelines
Product conformance testing
Marketing assistance
LONMARK Stamp of Approval Means Devices Will
Interoperate

www.lonmark.org
LONMARK Purpose

To promote interoperable products and collaborative

marketing programs
To provide a forum to define application-specific design
requirements
To create market demand for open, interoperable systems
using LONMARK certified products
To define, develop, and certify truly interoperable
products
To deliver a comprehensive educational programs and
professional certification testing program
 Who is LONMARK International?

Non-Profit Trade Association

Independent, member supported organization
Strong LONMARK Board of Directors
Sponsor Companies
Honeywell International
McDonalds Corporation
Philips
Schneider
Siemens
Trane
Echelon
Distech
World wide staff support
LONMARK Membership
Standardization Activities

LON is an ISO standard: ISO 14908.1

LON is a China National Standard
ASHRAE accepted and referenced standard
Working with CECED (appliances) and IFSF (forecourts) on
European standards
Joint effort with NAFEM on Kitchen Equipment standards
Working with various governments to create country
specific national standards
Pursuing ISO standardization
Integrator Testing/Certification Program

Program to deliver a
comprehensive
professional testing and
certification
Certified Professional
Certified System Integrator
Web-based exam
www.lonmark.org/testing
LONMARK Magazine

Quarterly magazine
European Edition
International Edition
Self funding through ads
Great resource of case
studies, tech info,
applications
More info:
www.lmimagazine.com
Free subscription
Activities

Global
Interactive Technology Demonstration with members
products in a single integrated system
Permanent setup for worldwide access
Continuous upgrades, enhancements
Take to various trade events
Educational/Trade Show events
AHR LONMARK Sessions
LonCom LONMARK Sessions
ISH (Frankfurt)
LIGHTFAIR
Connectivity Week
Electrical Building Technology Guangzhou (China)
The Future of LONMARK

Development new of LONMARK standards

LON/IP-852.1 new enhancements
oBIX XML standards
Referenced within standard ASHRAE specification
Enhance profiles (data loggers, schedulers, network
management tools, diagnostic tools, alarm managers)
Product Certification
Certification of Programmable Controllers
Certification of Routers, Interfaces, Gateways
Professional Certification programs
Summary

Demand is growing for open systems

LONMARK is expanding to meet the market needs
We are committed to
Expanding the market for LONMARK certified products
Enhancing the standards as technology advances
Providing value for our members
Increasing the number of certified products
Enhancing the success of our members
Develop new programs, initiatives, and tools
Focus on education
Getting Started

Where do I go for help?

www.lonmark.org
www.lonmarkamericas.org
www.echelon.com
Attend training classes
Classes are available for anyone on a variety of subjects
Suggestions for a good Consulting Engineer?
Several very knowledgeable engineers are specializing in open
systems
More information?
CDs, Brochures, Success Stories, Data Sheets, White Papers
Just ask
Join the LONMARK organization

66
 Thank You !

Questions

67