Que es el DID/TID?

See Glossary of Terms

Definiciones, Frequencia, y Causa de DID

Excerpts (some paraphrased) from the upcoming book on:

Dissociative Identity Disorder:
Recognizing and Restoring the Severely Abused
by Tom R. Hawkins, Ph.D.

DEFINITION OF DISOCIACION
La Disociation es generalmente considerado a ser un disturbo o alteracin de la consciencia,
memoria, o percepcin del ambiente. Normalmente una persona integra estes varios funciones,
mientras la disociacin es un compartamentalizacion de estes funciones. La disociacion es un
proceso por lo cual la mente separa uno o ms aspectos de su funcion (conociendo, sabiendo,
sintiendo, saboreando,escuchando, viendo, etc.) fuera del fluir normal del consciente

La disociacion se encuentra en un gama continuo del fenomono normal del ensueo, fantasia, y
la hipnosis de la carreterra a un fin al otra extremo de un multiple polifragmentado (muy
complejo) de cual su mente est dividido en cienes (o miles) de identidades separados. Esta
condicion fue conocido antes como el Desorden de Multiples Personalidades (MPD) pero ya fue
cambiado a Desorden o Trastorno de Identidades Disociados (DID o TID) en 1994 por la
Asociacin Psiquiatrita Americana con su publicacin de DSM-IV, para ser ms preciso en
describir el desorden.

In the case of dissociation outside the bounds of "normal" dissociation (i.e. highway hypnosis),
the mental separation involves the building of a more or less permanent and impermeable wall
between the separated components so that part of the person can be unaffected by a given
experience. We believe that such a defense is a temporary God-given capacity that enables a
child to survive overwhelming trauma, though later in life this compartmentalization usually leads
to dysfunction.

Once a child successfully employs the dissociative defense, dissociation usually becomes the
preferred defensive mechanism and often will be used subsequently even when less extreme
defense processes might suffice in threat containment. 1

La definicion del disorden de identidad disociativa

(DID) ( a n t e s c o n o c i d o c o m o D M P )

No se debe confundir el Desorden de la Identidad Disociativa (DID) con el

endemonizacin o el esquizofrenia. Se caracteriza el Desorden por lo siguiente:

Dos o ms estados de personalidad o identidades distintos quienes piensan, sienten, y

escogen de un cosmovision distinto. Como resultazdo, cada identidad percibe a Dios, a si
mismo, a otras personas, a su ambiente en una manera distinto.
 Hay que ser que dos o ms identidades distintas toman control del comportamiento de la
persona (a tiempos distintos).
Aunque es deficil definer la memoria normal, hay un acuerdo general en el campo de
salud mental que las personas con DID demuestyran ms perdida de
memoria/recuerdos que la persona no DID.
Los distorbos resultantes en las funciones de la mente no se debe a una condicion
medico o los efectos de drogas o alcohol.

Estes experiencias Disociativas extremas no son debidos a psicosis (no estar en

contacto con la realidad).

Tambien es comun tener fragmentos de personalidades que son definidos como parte de la
persona con un un sentido persistente de identidad separado pero con un rango limitado (en
comparado con un perfsonalidad) de funcion, emocion, o historia. 2

El DID puede presentarse en un variedad de formas sutiles (explicado en otra materials) Pocos
casos se van a presentar tan obvio que el esteriotipico Sybil con cambios abruptos y
dramaticos de un estado de personalidad a otro. La mayoria de multiples inicialmente no se dan
cuenta de tales cambios y vasn a atribuir los cambios en como perciben a Dios, a si mismos, y
otros y su ambiente como solamente cambios de humores. Amnesia total entre estas identidades
que se presentan no se ve como necesario com o parte del criterio diagnostico.

This condition is defined fully in Tom's book, Dissociative Identity Disorder:

Recognizing and Restoring the Severely Abused (not yet released), where the
complete DSM-IV definition is given.

frequency of DID
According to the psychiatrist, Dr. Colin Ross, some form of pathological dissociation may affect as
much as ten percent of the population.3 DID itself, according to his data may affect at least one
percent of the general population.4 Other researchers have reported that as much as 20 to 50%
of psychiatric hospital inpatients suffer from dissociative disorders. 5 Many working in the field will
not be surprised if further studies demonstrate that as much as five percent or more of the
population has DID. Many of these are people who, in the past, were misdiagnosed by the
medical and mental health community. Previously the disorder was so narrowly defined and
considered such a rarity that it was little studied or understood. Fortunately, that lack is now being
corrected, though the societal need for denial has not diminished.

cause of DID
It is generally agreed that in about 97% of the cases where dissociative identity is formed, the
victims suffered serious abuse at an early age. Friesen comments,
Most of them have been abused sexually. They needed to use dissociation to cope with
the abuse. . . .the life circumstances have been dangerous, and the children continue to
suffer abuse over a long period of time. The home is not a safe place, and the child
needs to keep on using dissociation to deal with the continuing abuse.6

It is not always true, but too often the home is the source of the abuse.

DID is not caused by a brain or chemical deficiency. In fact, multiples are

usually above average in intelligence and creativity. In this sense DID is
not a pathological sickness but rather a God-given, temporary coping
mechanism for an overwhelmed child whose only options were to
dissociate, lose touch with reality (go crazy), or commit suicide. DID is
generally considered a "disorder" rather than a mental illness because it is
not caused by defective brain chemistry and treatment is usually effective.
Someone with DID might be described more accurately as a normal person
with a normal brain responding to the abnormal experience of
overwhelming trauma. It is helpful to note that the literature in the field
reflects an approximate 80% to 90% cure rate for those multiples who stay
in therapy.

-----------------------------------------------------------

1 Bloch, James P. Assessment and Treatment of Multiple Personality and Dissociative Disorders.
Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Press, 1991. Describes both the dissociative and ego state
disorders from a secular perspective: p. 13.

2 Putnam, Frank W. Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Personality Disorder. New York: The
Guilford Press, 1989: p. 43.
3 Ross, Colin. Epidemiology of Multiple Personality Disorder and Dissociation, 503-517, in The
Psychiatric Clinics of North American: Multiple Personality Disorder 14:3 (September 1991), P.
505.
4 Ross, p.506
5 B.A. Van der Kolk and Onno van der Hart, "The Intrusive Past: the Flexibility of Memory and the
Engraving trauma," American Imago. Vol. 48, No., 4: 432. Reprinted in Trauma: Explorations in
Memory, 158-182 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995).
6 Friesen, James G. Uncovering the Mystery of MPD. San Bernardino, CA: Heres Life
Publishers, Inc., 1991, p. 42.

Other topics addressed in Tom's book: Dissociative Identity Disorder are:

Psychological Clues to Recognizing DID

Different Complexities of DID
Various Failed DID-RA Treatment Approaches
Spiritual Hierarchy and related Issues