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DEVIL: Algebra. X to the nth plus Y to the nth equals Z to the nth. Well, you're never gonna
use that,
at, are you? Imperialism
Im and the
e First World War. Well, what's done is done, I
say. No point thinking about
abou it now. German, French, Spanish: ja ja, oui oui, s s.
It's
's nonsense. Everyone speaks English anyway, and if they don't,
d they ought to. So,
no homework tonightt. But I want you to watch a lot of television,
elevision, don't neglect your
video
ideo games, and I'll see you in i the morning. Shall we say ten,
en, ten thirty? No point
getting up too
oo early, is there?
CLASS: Yes!
Tips:
1. The English consonants are much stronger than their Spanish counterparts.
2. Dont drop them! Dont soften them!
Rightful tonights
s homework
homewor homework tonight
point thinking point gett
tting about it its nonsense
3. Blow .o+
s+
j.! Theres an extra puff of air called aspiration when .o+
s+
j. are stressed.
Imagine there is a hen inside words like ten, pen, Ken
!gdm
!gdm
!gdm
g g g
Z!s dm\
dm Z!o dm\
Z!j dm\
/b
/bdzld ||
devl || n s ka wz rtn(d) tu ts ratfl n || ke bz | tnats hmwk
||
kls || ||
kls || jes /
STEP 1: Highlight all the content words in the text. This will help you get organized. Remember that most
monosyllabic grammar words are normally pronounced in their weak form (see the chart). You will soon
get to remember all of them by heart because they are extremely frequent. These words take weak
vowels because they are 90% of the times unstressed. Why? Because they are predictable!
STEP 2: Underline the stressed syllables in each of the content words. You will soon realize that there are
loads of monosyllabic content words in English. Longer words normally take one stress, especially if it falls
on either the first or second syllable (Teutonic Rule). Be careful with those long words whose main stress
falls on the third or fourth syllable: there is a hidden secondary stress towards the beginning of the word!
Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2016 3
Bedazzled
DEVIL: And so the cow was returned to its rightful owner. Ok, boys tonights homework:
CLASS: Aw!
DEVIL: Algebra. X to the nth plus Y to the nth equals Z to the nth. Well, you're never gonna
use that, are you? Imperialism and the First World War. Well, what's done is done, I
say. No point thinking about it now. German, French, Spanish: ja ja, oui oui, s s.
It's nonsense. Everyone speaks English anyway, and if they don't, they ought to. So,
no homework tonight. But I want you to watch a lot of television, don't neglect your
video games, and I'll see you in the morning. Shall we say ten, ten thirty? No point
getting up too early, is there?
CLASS: Yes!
Analysis
Bedazzled
/bdz()ld ||
1. The stress falls on DAZ, so the vowel is strong. Schwa cannot be used there. The vowel sound is
short because the <a> letter is followed by a double consonant (i.e. .dH.
is not possible here). The
spelling <a> normally corresponds to .z..
2. We use weak vowels in the unstressed syllables.
3. The final sound in the base form, .k., is voiced. This means that the past tense is formed by adding
a voiced sound, .c.. (See the rule for regular past tenses in the booklet).
4. (): Scwha is normally dropped when it is followed by .k+
m+
l. and preceded by a consonant. E.g.
Parcel .!o@9r'?(k., pardon .!o@9c'?(m., rhythm .!qHC'?(l..
CLASS: Aw!
kls || ||
1. The word class is special because it is an exception to the Basic Vowel Pattern and the double
consonant rule. Some words, which we call BATH words, take the long BATH vowel .@9. in
General British.
equals Z to the nth. Well, you're never gonna use that, are you?
ikwlz zi t i en || wel j nev n juz t | ju ||
1. The contraction <youre> is always .iN9.. (See contractions chart).
2. <gonna> is a casual form, so it is unstressed.
3. The demonstratives that, this, those, these are always strong. They may optionally be stressed.
4. The auxiliary verb <are> is strong here because this is a short yes-no question. In these structures
the auxiliary is always strong because we stress them to focus on their polarity (i.e. yes or no?).
Imperialism and the First World War. Well, what's done is done, I say.
mprilz()m | n fst wld w || wel wts dn z dn | a se ||
1. In <world> and <war> we can see how troublesome <w> affects <a, o>.
2. <Well> is an example of the Basic Vowel Pattern.
3. Wh- words tend to be strong, regardless of whether theyre grammar or content words.
4. <Done> is an exception to the silent <-e> rule. The previous vowel doesnt say its name in this
case. Many words got fossilized in the history of English.
5. <Say> illustrates how the first vowel letter says its name.
Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2016 5
It's nonsense. Everyone speaks English anyway, and if they don't, they ought to.
ts nns()ns | evriwn spiks l eniwe || n f e dnt | e t tu||
1. <Everyone> and <anyway> are compound words. Happy .h. is used at the end of the words
<every> and <any> because these are word-final, unstressed syllables.
2. <n> is always .M. before a word internal .f..
3. <Dont> takes a strong form because this contains the negative adverb <not>. Also, it is a frequent
exception to the Basic Vowel Pattern, because the vowel says its name in this case.
4. The word <to> is in the strong form here because it is followed by a syntactic gap. In other words,
theres ellipsis here: They ought to [speak English].
don't neglect your video games, and I'll see you in the morning.
dn(t) nlekt vdi emz | n al si ju | n mn ||
1. The speaker goes quickly over <neglect your>, that is why she merges the edges of these words.
The original .mH!fkdjs
iN9. fuses .s.
and .i., which results in .sR.. This is called ASSIMILATION, an
optional phonological process that makes words run more smoothly.
Shall we say ten, ten thirty? No point getting up too early, is there?
()l wi se | ten | ten ti || n pnt et p tu li | z e ||
CLASS: Yes!
kls || jes /