MAJOR PARTS OF THE PLANT

A Plant is made up of many different parts. Three maun parts are: the roots the leaves , and
the stem. Each part has a set of jobs to do to keep the plant healthy. The roots absorb water
and minerals from the soil and anchor the plant in the ground.

ROOTS

In vascular plants, the root is the organ of a plant that typically lies below the surface of the
soil . Roots can also be aerial or aerating, that is grow up above the ground or especially above
water. Furthermore, a stem normally occurring below ground is not exceptional either.

The roots have three main functions : absorb nutrients and water from the soil , anchor the
plants and store food. A roots is a complex organ consisting of several types of tissues to carry
out its various function .

1.Epidermis In botany, outermost, protoderm-derived layer oof cells covering the stem, root,
leaf, flower , fruits and seed parts of plant. The epidermis and its waxy cuticle provide a protect
barrier agains mechanical injury, water loss , and infection .

2.Parenchymal In plants, tissues typically composed of living cells that are thin-walled,
unspecialized in structure, and therefore adaptable, with differentiation to various
functions.Parenchymal may be compact or have extensive spaces between the cells.

3.Endodermis Is the central, innermost layer of cortex in some land plants . Its made of
compact living cells surrounded by an outer ring of endodermal cells that are impregnate with
hydrophobic substances (Casparian strip) to restict apoplastic flow of water to the inside.

4.Vascular Cylinder In the root contains xylem ang phloem, Xylem moves water and dissolved
minerals within a plant , while phloem moves food throughout a plant. The xylem generally
moves water up from the roots , while the phloem moves food from the leaves to the roots.

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Apical meristem are found at the tip of the root and are responsible for primary growth
. The growth in length of the roots is more concentrated at the tip. The Roots tip is
divided into threeregions: region of cell division , region of elongation and region of
maturation. The root tip is protected by a root cap, which secrets mucilage , a
substance that protects the cell from damage from growing through the soil.

The Region Of Cell Division is composed of maristematic cells that are activity dividiing
.

This Regions is responsible for producing new cells that make the roots grow in
length . After cell division , the cells elongate in the region of elongation . In the region
of maturation , cells undergo specilalization and become the three primary meristems
(protoderm, ground meristem and procambium) that will become the three main
tissues system (epidermis , cortex , xylem and phloem ) in the plant . the protoderm
becomes the Epidermis , the ground meristem becomes the cortex and the
procambuim becomes the xylem and pholeam.

STEM

Stem, in botany, the plant axis that bears buds and shoots with leaves and, at
its basal end, roots. The stem is the stalk of a plant or the main trunk of a tree.
The stem conducts water, minerals, and food to other parts of the plant; it may
also store food, and green stems themselves produce food. In most plants the
stem is the major vertical shoot, in some it is inconspicuous, and in others it is
modified and resembles other plant parts (e.g., underground stems may look
like roots).