CN 01

Equipment No.
CN-01
(Tag)
Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Data
Sheet Description
Gas Exhasut
Cooler
Operating Data
Type TEMA AES Removable tube bundle, split clamp-ring floating head
Configuration Horizontal, with condensation in the shell, and cooling medium in
the tubes.
Heat transfer area 2
1.6828 m
Performance of one unit
Shell-side Tube-side
Fluid circulating Reaction Gases water
Total fluid 0.15 kg 0.39 kg
circulating s s
Material of Stainless Steel, type 304 Stainless Steel, type 304
construction
Type TEMA Type E Plain, seamless
No. of passes 1 2
Pressure drop 83.04kPa 0.12kPa
In Out In Out
Vapor Yes Yes Yes Yes
Temperature 440C 140C 30C 60C
Construction of one shell
Design Pressure 111.4575 kPa
Design Temperature 511.315C
Tube
BWG Outside Thickness Length Pitch Pitch type No. of
diameter tubes
14 25.41 mm 2.11 mm 1.8293 m 31.80 Square 12
mm
Shell
Tube sheet Floating Head
Shell cover type Standard Torispherical Head
Inside diameter Shell thickness Shell cover Channel cover Tube sheet
thickness thickness thickness
0.2033m 3.2 mm 3.2 mm 4.0748 mm 3.3296 mm
Baffle
Type Percent cut Spacing No. of baffles
Single segmental 45% 0.1016 m 17
Production of sodium Sulphate from sodium chloride and sulfuric acid 29

From Overall Energy Balance:
Q=49.50 kW
kg
mass of cooling water , mw =0.3948
s
Shell Side: Reaction Gases
T 1 =440 C
T 2 =140C
Tube Side: Water
t 1 =30C
t 2 =60 C
Log Mean Temperature Difference:
( T 1t 2 )(T 2t 1 )
T lm=
T 1t 2
ln ( )
T 2t 1
( 44060 )(14030)
T lm=
44060
ln ( )
14030
T lm=217.7962 K
Dimensionless Temperature Ratio:

T 1T 2 440140
R= = =10
t 2t 1 6030
t 2t 1 6030
S= = =0.0732
T 1t 1 44030
Correction Factor:
Ft =F ( R , S )=0.96
True Temperature Difference:
T m=F t T lm
T m=0.96 ( 217.7962 )
T m=210.1301 K
Assume Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient:

W
U o , assumed =140 2
m K
Heat Transfer Area:
Q
A=
U 0, assumed T m
A=
( 49.50 kW ) ( 1000W
1 kW )
W
( 140
m2 K )
( 210.1301 K )
2
A=1.6828 m
Surface area of a single tube:
at = ODt Lt
at = ( 0.02541m ) ( 1.8293m )
at =0.1460 m 2
Number of Tubes:
A 1
nt =( ) no . of shell passes )
( at
1.6828 m2
nt =(0.1460 m2 )( )1
1
=11.53
nt 12

Using TEMA Standard:
N t 12 tubes
Shell inside diameter , IDs =8 0.2033 m
Tube Bundle Diameter:
For square pitch,
K 1=0.156
n1=2.291
1
N
D bundle =ODt t
K1 ( ) n1
1
12
D bundle =( 0.02541 ) ( 0.156 ) 2.291
D bundle =0.1691 m
Number of Tubes in Center Row:
D b 0.1691 m
N r , c= = =5.32
Pt 0.0318
N r , c 6 tubes
Baffle spacing:
45 % baffle cut
B=0.5 ID s=0.5 ( 0.2033 m )

B=0.1016 m
Number of baffles:
Lt
=nB +1
B
Where:
Lt
=no . of the flow crosses the tubebundle
B
Lt 1.8293
n B= 1= 1
B 0.1016
n B=17 baffles
Check:
B n B= ( 0.1016 m) ( 17 baffles )=1.7276 m<1.8293 m(Tube Length)
Therefore, baffle spacing is acceptable.
TUBE-SIDE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT: SINGLE PHASE

0.8
4200 ( 1.35+0.02 t ) ut
hi= 0.2
di
Where:
W
hi=inside ceofficient for water [ ]
m2
t=water temperature []
m
ut =water velocity[ ]
s

d i=tube inside diameter [mm]
Tube-side mean temperature:
t 1 +t 2 303.15+333.15
t= =
2 2
t=318.15 K
Physical properties of water at tube-side mean temperature
Water
Density kg
991.2546
m3
Viscosity kg
0.0007
m s
Thermal Conductivity W
0.6304
m K
Specific Heat Capacity kJ
4.1833
kg K
Tube cross-sectional area:

A t ,c = ( IDt )2= ( 0.02118 mm )2
4 4
A t ,c =0.0003523 m2
Tube per pass:
Nt 12
nt , p= =
no . of tube passes 2
nt , p=6 tubes

Total flow area:
A t ,total=n t , p At ,c =6 ( 0.0003523 m 2 )
A t ,total=0.0021139 m2
Tube-side mass velocity:
kg
0.39484
m s
Gt = w =
At ,total 0.0021139 m2
kg
Gt =186.7809 2
m s
Tube-side linear velocity:
kg
186.7809
G 2
m s
ut = t =
w kg
991.2546 3
m
m
ut =0.1884
s
Tube-side Reynolds number:
kg
=
Gd
=
(
t
186.7809
e m s)
( 0.02118 m )
2
w kg
0.0007
m s
=6,022.84
Tube-side Prandtl number:

kJ 1000 J kg
c
P r= w w =
(0.0014 kgK
kJ )(
0.0007
m s )
kw
(0.6304 mWK )
Pr=4.3591
Length to diameter ratio:
Lt 1.8293
=
ID s 0.02118
Lt
=86.37
ID s
Tube-side coefficient:
4200 ( 1.35+ 0.02 ( 45 ) ) ( 0.1884 )0.8

hi=
( 21.18mm )0.2
W
hi=1350.0954
m2
SHELL-SIDE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT: COMBINED

COOLING-CONDENSING:
1 1 Z
'
= '+ '
hcg hc h g
Where:
h'cg =local effective coolingcondensing coefficient
h'c =local condensate film coefficient

'
h g=gas filmcoefficient
Qg sensible heat
Z= =
Q T tot heat transfer
Shell-side mean temperature:
T 1 +T 2 713.15+413.15
T= =
2 2
T =563.15 K
Physical properties of reaction gases at shell-side mean temperature:

Reaction Gases
Density kg
0.5169
m3
Viscosity kg
0.000177444
m s
0.0139576
m K
0.8797
kgK
Physical properties of condensate at condensing temperature:

Condensate

Density kg
1242.98
m3
Viscosity kg
0.00242
m s
0.0999
mK
1.3061
kgK
From Overall Energy Balance:

Sensible Heat
Q g =(5.51) kW
Total Heat Load

Q T =( 49.50)kW
Average vapour flow:

0.1500+ 0.14036
W s=
2
kg
W s =0.1452
s
Total condensate flow:

kg
W c =0.0097
day
Clearance between tubes:

C=Pt ODt =0.0318 m0.02541 m
C=0.006352 m

Cross flow area:
C ID s B
As=
Pt
( 0.006352 m )( 0.2033 m ) ( 0.1016 m )

As=
0.0318 m
A s =0.004131 m2
Shell-side mass velocity:

kg
G s=
Ws
=
(
0.1452
s )
A s 0.004131 m2
kg
Gs=35.1471
m2 s
Shell-side linear velocity:

kg
35.1471
G m2 s
us = s =
kg
0.51696 3
m
m
us =67.9880
s
Shell-side equivalent diameter (hydraulic diameter):

1.27 2
d e= ( P t 0.785 OD2t )
OD t
1.27
de= ( 0.031820.785 ( 0.02541 )2 )
0.02541m
d e =0.0251 m
Shell-side Reynolds number:

kg
=
G d
=
(
s
35.1471
e m s)
( 0.0251 m )
2
kg
0.000177444
m s
=4,969.09
Tube loading:
Condensate flow per unit length of tube
kg
h=
Wc
=
( 0.0097 )
s
Lt N t ( 1.8293 m )( 12 )
kg
h=0.000442
m s
Condensate film coefficient:

1
[
L ( L v ) g
]( )
1
' 3 1
h =0.95 k L
c
6
L h Nr
2 2
N r = N r , c = ( 6 )=4
3 3

[ ]
1
kg kg m
W
1242.98 3 ( 1242.980.51696 ) 3 9.81 2
m m s ( ) 3
1 1
'
h =0.95 0.0999
c (
m K ) kg kg ()
4
6
(
0.00242
ms )(
0.000442
m s )
W
h'c =1825.3371
m2 K
Gas film coefficient:

0.023 c Gs
h'g=
[( ) ( ) ]
0.2
c 2
3
d e Gs
k
J kg
h'g=
(
0.023 879.70
kgK)(
35.1471 2
m s )
[( )]
2 0.2
)( (
kg
( 879.70
J
kgK )(
0.000177444
kg
m s ) 3
(
( 0.0251 m ) 35.1471
m2 s )
W kg
0.01396
m K 0.000177444
m s )
W
h g=25.9201 2
m K
Shell-side coefficient:

1 1
ho = =
Qg 1 1
+
QT h g h c (
(5.51)kW
( 49.50)kW )( 25.92011 W 2 )(
+
1
1825.3371
W
)
m K m2 K
W
ho =206.3761 2
m K
Estimate:
W
tube wall material thermal conductivity , k w =16
m
W
outside dirt coefficient , hod =5000
m2
W
inside dirt coefficient , hid=6000 2
m
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient
ODt
ODt ln
( )ID t
1 1 1
= + +
U o ho hod 2 kw
+
[ OD t 1

IDt h id
+
][
OD t 1

IDt hi ]
( 0.02541
( 0.02541 m ) ln
0.02118 ) 0.02541
[ ][
1 1 1 1 0.02541
= + + + +
Uo W W W 0.02118 W 0.02118
206.3761 5000 2 ( 16 ) 6000
m2 K m2 K 2
mK m K
W
U o , calc=159.2763 2
m K

Percent Error
%Error=
[ 159.2763140
140
100
]
%Error=13.77
The acceptable percent error is 0-30%

Therefore, the assumed overall heat transfer coefficient is acceptable.
PERCENT OVERSURFACE
oversurface=
[ U C U o , calc
UC
100
]
Where:
U C =cleanoverall heat transfer coefficient
Calculating for hio
IDt
hio =h i
OD t
W 0.02118m
hio =1350.0954
m K 0.02541m
2
hio =1125.50
Calculating for U C
ho hio
U C=
ho +hio

206.3761 1125.50
U C=
206.3761+1125.50
W
U C =174.3978 2
m K
Calculating for percent oversurface
174.3978159.2763
oversurface= 100
174.3978
oversurface=8.67
The acceptable percent oversurface is 0-15%

Therefore, the oversurface is acceptable.
PERCENT OVERDESIGN
overdesign=
[( A A reqd
A reqd ) 100
]
Design area ( N t =12 )
A= OD t Lt N t
A= ( 0.02541 m )( 1.8293 ) ( 12 )
A=1.7521 m 2
Required heat transfer area ( N t =11 )
A reqd = ODt Lt N t

A reqd = ( 0.02541 m) ( 1.8293 ) (11 )
A reqd =1.6061 m2
Calculating for percent overdesign
overdesign= ( 1.75211.6061
1.6061 ) 100
overdesign=9.09
The acceptable percent overdesign is 0-10%

Therefore, the overdesign is acceptable.TUBE-SIDE PRESSURE DROP
u 2t
[ ( ) ]( )
Pt =N p 8 j f
L
ID t
+2.5
2
Water
Density kg
991.2546
m3
Viscosity kg
0.0007
m s
Linear velocity m
0.1884
s
Reynolds number 6,022.84
Figure 12.24. Tube-side friction factors
Estimate jf from Figure 12.01

j f =0.0014
(] ( )
kg m
)(
991.2546 3 0.1884
s )
[
Pt =2 8 ( 0.0014 ) ( 1.8293
0.02118 )
+2.5
m
2
Pt =122.03 Pa
Pt =0.12 kPa
SHELL-SIDE PRESSURE DROP
{ ( )( )( )( ) }
ID s Lt u2s 0.14

Ps = 8 j f
de B 2 w
Shell-side
Equivalent diameter 0.0251 m
Baffle spacing, B 0.1016 m
Density kg
0.51696 3
m
Viscosity kg
0.000177444
m s
Linear velocity m
67.9880
s
Reynolds number 4,969.09

Figure 12.30. Shell-side friction factors, segmental baffles
Estimate jf from Figure 12.30
45 % baffle cut
j f =0.06
{ )}
2
(
kg m
0.2033 m 1.8293 m ( 0.51696
m3)( 67.9880
s )
Ps = 8 ( 0.06 ) ( )(
0.0251 m 0.1016 m ) 2
(1)
Ps =83,635.68 Pa
Ps =83.64 kPa
EFFECTIVENESS OF HEAT EXCHANGER

For one shell pass and two tube passes:
{ }
1
=2 1+C r + ( 1+C 2 0.5

)
[ ]
0.5
1+exp ( NTU ) ( 1+C 2r )
r
1exp [ ( NTU ) ( 1+ C ) ]
2 0.5
r
For vapour mixture:

kg kJ
(
Ch =mh Cp h= 0.1500
s)(
0.8797
kg K )
kW
Ch =0.1320 =C min
K
For water:
kg kJ
(
C c =mc Cp c = 0.394844
s )
4.1833
kg K
kW
C c =1.6518 =Cmax
K
Capacity ratio:
C min
Capacity Ratio, C r=
C max
1.0829
Cr =
4.8527
Cr =0.0799
Inside depth of the head:

0.5
[(
d i=R c R c
ID s
2 )(
R c+
ID s
2 )
+2 Rk ]
Where:
Rc =ID s=203.2520 mm
Rk =0.06 R c =12.1951mm
0.5
[(
d i=203.2520 203.2520
203.2520
2
203.2520+
203.2520
2 )( )
+2 ( 12.1951 )
]
d i=27.1613 mm
Effective exchanger length:

Leff =Lt + 2 hi=1.8293 m+ 2 ( 0.0272 m )
Leff =1.8836 m
Area effective:
A e = ODt Leff N t = ( 0.02541m ) (1.8836 m ) ( 12 )
A e =1.8041 m2
Calculating for NTU:

U o ,calc A e
NTU =
C min

W
NTU =
( 159.2763
m K)
2
( 1.8041m )2
(0.1320 kWK 1000W

kW )
NTU =2.173
Effectiveness:
=85. 00

MECHANICAL DESIGN
Shell Tube
Material of construction Stainless Steel, type Stainless Steel, type
304 304
Allowable stress (Design 110 MPa
stress)
Design pressure:
Take as 10 percent above operating pressure
P' =1.1 x 101.325 kPa
P' =111.4575 kPa
Design temperature:
Take as 10 percent above operating temperature
T ' =1.1 x 713.15 K ( 440 )
T ' =784.465 K ( 511.315 )
SHELL DESIGN
Shell thickness:
For a cylindrical shell, the minimum thickness required to resist internal
pressure can be determined from the equation below based on the maximum
allowable stress and corrected for welded joint efficiency:
P' IDs
e=
2 Jf P'
Where:
f =design stress

e=minimum thickness required
J = joint factor , range 0.71.0
Calculating for shell thickness:

( .1114575 MPa )( 0.2033 m )
e=
2 ( 0.7 )( 110 MPa )( .1114575 MPa )
e=0.1472 mm
Add corrosion allowance taken as 3.0 mm:

e=0.1472 mm+3.00 mm=3.1472mm
e 3.2 mm
This value is in accordance to IS: 4503 corresponding to the shell diameter.
Shell outside diameter:

OD s=ID s+ e
OD s=203.2520 mm+3.2 mm
OD s=206.4520 mm
COVER AND CHANNEL DESIGN

For the shell head design, a torispherical head is selected. According to IS:
4503, the minimum thickness of the shell cover should be at least equal to the
thickness of the shell.
Shell cover thickness:

The required thickness of a torispherical head can be determined from the
equation below.

P ' Rc C s
e sc =
2 fJ+ P ' ( C s0.2 )
Where:
C s=stress concentration factor
Rc =crown radius
For torispherical head, stress concentration factor is given by:
C s=
1
4( )
3+
Rc
Rk
Where:
Rk =knuckle radius
Let:
Rc =ID s=203.2520 mm
Rk =0.06 R c =12.1951mm
For formed domed heads (no joints in the head), joint factor J =1.0
Calculating for stress concentration factor:
C s=
1
4(
3+
203.2520
12.1951 )
C s=1.7706
Calculating for shell cover thickness:

(.1114575 MPa ) ( 203.2520 mm )( 1.7706 )
e sc =
2 ( 110 MPa ) ( 1 ) + ( .1114575 MPa ) ( 1.77060.2 )
e sh =0.1822 mm

e sh =0.1822 mm+3.00 mm=3.1822mm
e sc 3.2mm
Use same thickness as for wall in accordance to TEMA standard.
Channel cover thickness:

The channel cover material is the same as the shell material. The outside
diameter of the channel shall be the same as that of the shell.
The effective channel cover thickness can be determined from the equation
below.
d C 1 P
'
t cc =
10 f
Where:
t=thickness of the channel cover [mm ]
d=diameter of the cover [ mm ] usually same as the outside shell diameter
C1 =factor equal 0.3 for ring type gasket
kgf
P' =design pressure [ 2
]
cm

kgf
f =design stress[ 2
]
mm
Calculating for channel cover thickness:
206.4520mm 0.3 ( 1.1366 )

t cc =
10 11.2169
t cc =1.0748 mm

t cc =1.0748+3.00 mm
t cc =4.0748 mm

Tube sheet thickness:
The tube sheet thickness is calculated based on the bending and considering the
design pressure only. The material is the same as the shell material.
The minimum tube sheet thickness to resist bending can be determined from the
equation below.
t ts =
F Gp P
3 kf
For the stationary tube sheet in floating type:
F=1
G p=ID s
Mean ligament efficiency:
0.907
k =1 2
Pt
( ) ODt
0.907
k =1 2
0.0318
( 0.02541 )
k =0.4195
Calculating for tube sheet thickness:
t ts =
3
( 1 ) ( 203.2520mm ) ( .1114575 MPa )
( 0.4195 ) ( 110 MPa )
t ts =3.3296 mm

Impingement plate:
According to IS: 4503, the protection against impingement may not be required
for the services involving non-corrosive, non-abrasive, single phase fluid.
To check for the impingement parameter:
u2< 125
Where:
u=the linear velocity of the fluid [ ]

m
s
g
=fluid density [ 3
]
cm
m3 2
(
u2= 991.2546
kg 1000 g
m3

kg
3
100 cm 3 )(
0.4152
m
s )
0.171<125
Therefore, impingement protection is not required.
NOZZLE DESIGN
Use same nozzle material as for shell. The nozzle thickness is calculated from
the stress formula used in the calculation of shell thickness.
For the nozzle inside diameter:
D n=2
Nozzle thickness:

'
P Dn
t n= '
2 Jf P
25.4 mm
t n=
(
( .1114575 MPa ) 2
1 )
2 ( 0.7 )( 110 MPa ) ( .1114575 MPa )
t n=0.0368 mm

t n=0.0368 mm+3.00 mm=3.0368 mm mm
t n 3.2mm
The pressure at the entry point of both shell-side and tube-side fluids is the
same. Therefore, the same nozzle specification can be used for both.
GASKET DESIGN
DOG
D IG
=
Y P' m
Y P' ( m+1 )
Where:
D OG=outside gasket diameter [mm]
D IG =inside gasket diameter [ mm ]
Y =minimum design seating stress
m=gasket factor

D IG =ID s+ 0.25=203.2520 mm+ 0.25
D IG =203.502 mm
D IG 8.5 216 mm
This value is in accordance to ASME B16.20 corresponding to the shell

diameter.
For solid flat metal, stainless steel:
kgf N
Y =18.28 2
=179.2656 2
mm mm
m=6.50
Gasket outside diameter:
DOG
D IG
=
18.28( 0.0114 ) ( 6.5 )
18.28( 0.0114 ) ( 6.5+1 )
=1.0003
Therefore,
D OG 10.13 257 mm

diameter.
Gasket width:
D OGD IG
N=
2

257216
N= =20.5 mm
2
N 35 mm

diameter.
Mean gasket diameter:

DOG + DIG
G=
2
257+216
G=
2
G=237 mm
Basic gasket seating width:

N
bo =
2
35
bo =
2
bo =17.5
Effective gasket seating width:

b=0.5 bo
b=0.5 17.5
b=2.09 mm
BOLT DESIGN

The minimum initial bolt load under atmospheric condition:
W m1=bGY
N
(
W m 1= ( 2.09 mm ) ( 237 mm ) 179.2656
mm2 )
W m1=278,959.70 N
The bolt load under tight pressure:

W m2=H + H p
Where:

H= G2 P' (Total hydrostatic end force)
4
H p=2 bGm P' (Total joint contact surface compression load

Calculating for required bolt load:
N N
4 (
W m2= ( 237 mm )2 .1114575
mm 2 ) (
+2 ( 2.09 mm ) ( 237 mm ) ( 6.5 ) .1114575
mm2 )
W m 2=7171.7 N
Therefore, W m 1 is the controlling load since W m1 >W m 2 .
The minimum bolt cross sectional area based on the controlling load:
W m1
Am=
f
278,959.70 N
Am=
N
110
mm2
A m =2536 mm2
Bolting data:
Nominal thread diameter M16
Bolt circle diameter Cb 375
Root diameter d br 18
No. of bolts 12
Corresponding actual bolt circle diameter:

A b = dbr 2 no .of bolts
4

A b = ( 18 )2 ( 12 )
4
2
A b =3054 mm
The selected bolts are suitable since Ab> Am .
References
Chopey, N., & Hicks, T. (2012). Handbook of Chemical Engineering
Calculations. McGraw-Hill book Company.
Incropera, F. (1981). Funamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer. Wiley.
Kern, D. (1965). Process Heat Transfer. Singapore: McGraw-Hill Book
Company.
NPTEL. (n.d.). Chemical Engineering Design. Retrieved from NPTEL:
nptel.ac.in
Perry, R. (2007). Chemical Engineer's Handbook. McGraw-Hill.
Schlunder, E. (1983). Heat Exchanger Design Handbook. Taylor &
Francis.
Sinnot, R. (1993). Coulson & Richardson's Chemical Engineering
Design. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

CN 01

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

CN 01

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Equipment No.

Production of sodium Sulphate from sodium chloride and sulfuric acid 29

Shell Side: Reaction Gases

Tube Side: Water

Log Mean Temperature Difference:

Dimensionless Temperature Ratio:

Production of sodium Sulphate from sodium chloride and sulfuric acid 29

True Temperature Difference:

Assume Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient:

Production of sodium Sulphate from sodium chloride and sulfuric acid 29

Heat Transfer Area:

Surface area of a single tube:

Production of sodium Sulphate from sodium chloride and sulfuric acid 29

Shell inside diameter , IDs =8 0.2033 m

Tube Bundle Diameter:

For square pitch,

Number of Tubes in Center Row:

Production of sodium Sulphate from sodium chloride and sulfuric acid 29

Therefore, baffle spacing is acceptable.

TUBE-SIDE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT: SINGLE PHASE

Production of sodium Sulphate from sodium chloride and sulfuric acid 29

Tube-side mean temperature:

Physical properties of water at tube-side mean temperature

Tube per pass:

Production of sodium Sulphate from sodium chloride and sulfuric acid 29

Tube-side mass velocity:

Tube-side linear velocity:

Tube-side Reynolds number:

Tube-side Prandtl number:

Production of sodium Sulphate from sodium chloride and sulfuric acid 29

Length to diameter ratio:

4200 ( 1.35+ 0.02 ( 45 ) ) ( 0.1884 )0.8

SHELL-SIDE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT: COMBINED

h'cg =local effective coolingcondensing coefficient

h'c =local condensate film coefficient

Production of sodium Sulphate from sodium chloride and sulfuric acid 29

Shell-side mean temperature:

Physical properties of reaction gases at shell-side mean temperature:

Physical properties of condensate at condensing temperature:

Production of sodium Sulphate from sodium chloride and sulfuric acid 29

From Overall Energy Balance:

Total Heat Load

Average vapour flow:

Total condensate flow:

Clearance between tubes:

Production of sodium Sulphate from sodium chloride and sulfuric acid 29

( 0.006352 m )( 0.2033 m ) ( 0.1016 m )

Shell-side mass velocity:

Shell-side linear velocity:

Shell-side equivalent diameter (hydraulic diameter):

Production of sodium Sulphate from sodium chloride and sulfuric acid 29

Shell-side Reynolds number:

Condensate film coefficient:

Production of sodium Sulphate from sodium chloride and sulfuric acid 29

Gas film coefficient:

Production of sodium Sulphate from sodium chloride and sulfuric acid 29

Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

Production of sodium Sulphate from sodium chloride and sulfuric acid 29

The acceptable percent error is 0-30%

Calculating for hio

Production of sodium Sulphate from sodium chloride and sulfuric acid 29

Calculating for percent oversurface

The acceptable percent oversurface is 0-15%