Alyssa Mae S.

Camposano
PHARMACY 2-B

Historical Background
Badminton is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit
a shuttlecock across a net. Although it may be played with larger
teams, the most common forms of the game are "singles" (with
one player per side) and "doubles" (with two players per side).
Badminton is often played as a casual outdoor activity in a yard or
on a beach; formal games are played on a rectangular indoor
court. Points are scored by striking the shuttlecock with the
racquet and landing it within the opposing side's half of the court.
Each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes
over the net. Play ends once the shuttlecock has struck the floor
or if a fault has been called by the umpire, service judge, or (in
their absence) the opposing side.
The shuttlecock is a feathered or (in informal matches) plastic
projectile which flies differently from the balls used in many other
sports. In particular, the feathers create much higher drag,
causing the shuttlecock to decelerate more rapidly. Shuttlecocks
also have a high top speed compared to the balls in other racquet
sports.
The game developed in British India from the earlier game
of battledore and shuttlecock. European play came to be
dominated by Denmark but the game has become very popular in
Asia, with recent competition dominated by China. Since 1992,
badminton has been a Summer Olympic sport with five events:
men's singles, women's singles, men's doubles, women's doubles,
and mixed doubles. At high levels of play, the sport demands
excellent fitness: players require aerobic stamina, agility,
strength, speed, and precision. It is also a technical sport,
requiring good motor coordination and the development of
sophisticated racquet movements.
Facilities and Equipment
Racket
The badminton racket is one of the most important tools a player has
in the game. Badminton rackets are much lighter than most other
sports rackets because they are made from materials such as carbon
fiber or lighter metals such as aluminum. Parts of the racket include
the head, throat, shaft and handle with a maximum length of 27.77
inches and a width of 9 inches. It Strings that are stretched across the
opening of the racket in a checkerboard pattern, which acts as the
hitting surface. Badminton rackets can vary widely in cost depending
on whether they are purchased as part of a basic backyard set or as
more expensive professional models.
Shuttlecock
The badminton shuttlecock, also referred to as a shuttle or birdie, acts
similarly to a ball in other racket sports. However, the design of the
birdie creates more drag as it is propelled through the air due to its
feathered shape. The shuttlecock is made up of a cone shape with a
hard cork at its tip. Shuttlecocks can be made from a variety of
materials -- more expensive models are actually made from feathers,
and less expensive models are made from plastic feathers. The shuttle
has 16 feathers attached to the base and the length of the feathers
range between 2.44 and 2.75 inches.
Net
A mesh net divides the badminton court into two sides. A badminton
net is placed lower than a volleyball net at five feet and one inch high
on the sides and five feet high in the center. The length may vary
depending on whether doubles or singles are playing, with singles
reaching 17 feet and doubles reaching 22 feet. The net is 30 inches
wide with a 3-inch white tape doubled over the top.
Facilities
The badminton court should be 44 feet long by 22 feet wide if playing
doubles, and 44 feet long by 17 feet wide for singles. If the facility is
indoors, there needs to be enough height for the shuttlecock to be able
to float across the net without hitting the ceiling. This height will vary
depending on the strength of the players.

Rules and Regulations

Scoring System
A match consists of the best of 3 games of 21 points.
Every time there is a serve there is a point scored.
The side winning a rally adds a point to its score.
At 20 all, the side which gains a 2 point lead first, wins that game.
At 29 all, the side scoring the 30th point, wins that game.
The side winning a game serves first in the next game.
Interval and Change of Ends
When the leading score reaches 11 points, players have a 60 second
interval.
A 2 minute interval between each game is allowed.
In the third game, players change ends when the leading score reaches
11 points.
Singles
At the beginning of the game (0-0) and when the servers score is
even, the server serves from the right service court. When the servers
score is odd, the server serves from the left service court.
If the server wins a rally, the server scores a point and then serves
again from the alternate service court.
If the receiver wins a rally, the receiver scores a point and becomes the
new server. They serve from the appropriate service court left if their
score is odd, and right if it is even.

Doubles
A side has only one service.
The service passes consecutively to the players as shown in the
diagram.
At the beginning of the game and when the score is even, the server
serves from the right service court. When it is odd, the server serves
from the left court.
If the serving side wins a rally, the serving side scores a point and the
same server serves again from the alternate service court.
If the receiving side wins a rally, the receiving side scores a point. The
receiving side becomes the new serving side.
The players do not change their respective service courts until they win
a point when their side is serving.
If players commit an error in the service court, the error is corrected
when the mistake is discovered.
In a doubles match between A & B against C & D. A & B won the toss
and decided to serve. A to serve to C. A shall be the initial server while
C shall be the initial receiver.

Prevention and care for athletic injury

Warm Up

To prevent Badminton injuries or reduce the risk, general and sport

specific warm-up is important. It increases activity of prime muscles,
improves concentric and eccentric power, flexibility and endurance
capacity. The duration of warm up and stretching should be
approximately 15-30 minutes (evident by a raise in heart rate by 5-
10bpm, increased body temperature by 0.5 degree Celsius and mild
sweating)

A Typical Warm Up Might Include:

- 5-10 minutes of gentle rhythmic movement such as jogging, skipping

- Short stretches of about 15-30 seconds
- 2-3 minutes of small movement of specific joints eg. shoulder circles,
hip forwards and backwards movements, pelvic rotations, arm and
knee bends and trunk twists
- Slightly longer stretches on 'tight' muscles
- Specific warm-up such as shadow drills, short warm up such as drops
and lifts, clears, etc...before starting to play or practice

Why Stretch?

- It reduces muscle tension

- Prepare the player for physical activity

- Prepare the player mentally for sport

- Help coordination by allowing for freer and easier movement

- Good and regular stretching habit prevents badminton injuries

- Promotes circulation

Guidelines for Safe Stretching

- Warm up prior to stretching

- Always stretching before and after exercise

- Stretch slowly and gently

- Stretch through pain free range and do not overstretch

- Stretches must be held for at least 15 seconds

- Precede all training sessions with 15-20 minutes of stretching

- Static stretching

- PNF Stretching(proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation)

- Ballistic stretching

Cool Down

Cool down is the process by which the body is helped to gradually

recover from exercise and adjust to rest. It helps to remove waste
products (lactic acid) of exercise that have accumulated.

References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton
http://www.livestrong.com/article/346510-badminton-
equipment-facilities/
http://bwfbadminton.org/page.aspx?id=14914
http://www.badminton-
information.com/badminton_injuries.html