Frel Kalbar

FREL
Forest Reference Emission Level

WEST KALIMANTAN
Dr. Gusti Hardiansyah, Adi Yani, Karsono Rumawadi, Hendarto Yenny,

Etty Septia Sari, Klothilde Sikun, Eka Kurnia Pambudi Hendra Saputra, Yuliansyah,
Asih Idha Listiyowati, Joseph Adiguna Hutabarat, Stephanie Wegscheider,
Dr. Rossie Widya Nusantara, Ronny Christianto, Zuhri Haryono,
Sigit Normagiat, Rosadi Jamani
Sub National Working Group FREL West Kalimantan

REDD+ Working Group West Kalimantan, IJ-REDD+ Project,
GIZ Forclime, FFI-IP, Forestry Faculty of Tanjung Pura University, WWF Indonesia,
Kehati Foundation, PRCF Indonesia
i
ii
TITLE
FOREST REFERENCE EMISSION LEVEL (FREL)
SUB NATIONAL
WEST KALIMANTAN PROVINCE
COORDINATORS
Regional Environment Agency of West Kalimantan
Forestry Office of West Kalimantan
WRITERS
Dr. Gusti Hardiansyah, Adi Yani, Karsono Rumawadi, Hendarto Yenny, Etty Septia
Sari, Klothilde Sikun, Eka Kurnia Pambudi Hendra Saputra, Yuliansyah, Asih Idha
Listiyowati,
Joseph Adiguna Hutabarat, Stephanie Wegscheider
Dr. Rossie Widya Nusantara, Ronny Christianto,
Zuhri Haryono, Sigit Normagiat
Rosadi Jamani
INTERNAL REVIEWER
Dr. Arief Darmawan
CONTRIBUTOR
IJ-REDD+ Project, GIZ Forclime, FFI-IP, WWF Indonesia,
KEHATI Foundation, PRCF Indonesia,
BPKH Region III Pontianak, Bappeda Kalbar,
Ditjen KSDAE KLHK, Ditjen PPI KLHK, Ditjen PKTL KLHK,
Forestry Faculty of Tanjungpura University.,
LAYOUT
Rosadi Jamani
FOREST REFERENCE EMISSION LEVEL (FREL) SUB NATIONAL WEST

KALIMANTAN PROVINCE
Xxi + 94 Pages: 170 mm x 250 mm
iii
iv
PREFACE I
Thanks to the grace of God Almighty, finally the

calculation report of Forest Reference Emission
Level / FREL for the province of West Kalimantan
has been successfully compiled by the editorial
team of FREL cooperated with the Working Group
on Reducing Emission from Deforestation and
Forest Degradation (REDD+ Working Group). Of
course we should be proud of this success
concerning that West Kalimantan is the first
province to prepare the calculation report on FREL
sub-national level (province). Though the guidance
of the calculation and reporting FREL at sub-
national level has not been launched by the
Ministry of Environment and Forests.
We all hope that the calculation and reporting of FREL West Kalimantan is acceptable
and used as the basis of performance in the implementation of emission reduction
activities in West Kalimantan. Because FREL is the basis for measuring the performance
of emission reduction and the basis for obtaining incentives for emission reduction
performance.
For West Kalimantan alone, our efforts to reduce emissions from deforestation and
degradation has been stated through the vision and mission of SRAP REDD+ document
(Provincial Strategy and Action Plans on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and
Forest Degradation) of West Kalimantan. Where in the document, the vision of West
Kalimantan is, "West Kalimantan Go Green for Indonesian and Welfare Society". While
the missions are to make the agencies, institutions, and organizations related to forest and
land management in reducing emissions effective and to plan and organize forest and land
based activities in order to reduce emissions. Those vision and missions are not a series
of beautiful words without real action to achieve them.
One evidence of the seriousness of West Kalimantan in reducing emissions from
deforestation and forest degradation is our involvement in the membership of the GCF
(Governors Climate Change and Forest) Task Force which is a unique collaboration
between GCF members that are committed to reduce emissions from deforestation and
forest degradation. Even for 2015 to 2016, West Kalimantan has been appointed to be the
coordinator for the GCF representatives Indonesian province that includes the province
of Aceh, West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, Papua and West Papua.
v
We hope that all the efforts that have been made in reducing emissions from deforestation
and forest degradation that are implemented through programs in all of the stakeholders
associated with REDD+ namely the regional work units (SKPD), Non Governmental
Organizations (NGOs), academics and the public do not only become a pointless effort
and not appreciated by outsiders. Because all of these efforts would need the energy and
considerable expense into practice.
By the launching of the calculation report of this FREL, West Kalimantan Province is
ready to be accessed and assessed at all activities and efforts in reducing emissions from
deforestation and forest degradation. Because one of the components of MRV
(Measuring, Reporting and Verification) in REDD+ is a verification by an independent
body in this case UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change).
UNFCCC itself is a deal that is universally accepted as an international political
commitment on climate change at the World Summit on Environment and Development
in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in June 1992.
Later, after the computed FREL of West Kalimantan Province has been verified, we hope
this FREL calculation results can be recognized and used as the standard for calculating
the reduction of emissions from deforestation and forest degradation as the basis for
calculating incentives and projections of various activities / projects forward.
In conclusion I would like to thank all those who have been involved in the process of
calculation and preparation of FREL reports, especially IJ-REDD+ Project that has
facilitated the development of this FREL document. Thanks are also to GIZ FORCLIME
and FFI-Indonesia Programme on contributions related to data and expertise in the
calculation and preparation of FREL. I hope this cooperation will continue in the future
to realize green and prosperous West Kalimantan. This West Kalimantan FREL
Document launching is not the end of our efforts in the implementation of REDD+, but it
is a big challenge for us to prove to all parties on the performance of reducing emissions
from deforestation and forest degradation towards sustainable forest management.
Pontianak, August 2016

Governor of West Kalimantan
Drs. Cornelis, MH
vi
PREFACE II
The forestry and peatlands sector is one of the

sectors that contribute to the increase in
greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in the
atmosphere. As recorded this sector is accounted
for 60% of GHG emissions in Indonesia. As one
of the provinces that have an extensive forest
cover amounted to 5.658.406 ha and peat land
area of 1.681.882 ha in 2015, West Kalimantan
took the initiative and commitment to actively
participate in GHG emission reduction from
forestry and peatlands sector mainly emissions
from deforestation and forest degradation.
West Kalimantan's commitment in efforts to reduce emissions from the forestry sector is
not only done with the establishment of REDD+ working group in West Kalimantan and
REDD+ SRAP publication of document but also the calculation and preparation of
documents FREL are conducted this year. This FREL calculation uses forest inventory
data by direct measurements on permanent plots. In addition the FREL calculation also
uses forest and land cover map of Indonesias Ministry of Environment and Forestry
(KLHK) of 1990 to 2012 which consist of 23 (twenty three) land cover classes referred
to SNI 8033 in 2013: Counting Method for forest cover change Based on Remote Optical
Sensing Imagery Interpretation Results Visually. This data is part of the National Forest
Monitoring System (NFMS) managed by the scale of 1: 250.000 and accessed directly
from the Directorate General of Forestry Planning and Environmental Management,
KLHK.
With the calculation of this FREL, we hope that the data and methods used can be
recognized internationally and used as a basis for REDD+ incentive payments mechanism
that has been informed by donor nations to countries that was committed to maintain their
forest cover. This is because of FREL is the basic reference in the forestry sector
emissions measurement whether it increases or decreases from year to year, so we can say
this FREL function is to see the trend of emission levels in West Kalimantan.
Appreciation and gratitude to FREL West Kalimantan team for the effort and hard work
so the preparation and calculation of FREL can be completed. Feedback and suggestions
on FREL document are expected to enrich the content and quality of this document.
vii
Pontianak, August, 2016
Head of Forestry Office

West Kalimantan Province
Marius Marcellus TJ, SH, MM
viii
PREFACE III
Since the establishment of Working Group on

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest
Degradation (POKJA REDD+) of West Kalimantan in
2012 through a decree of the Governor of West
Kalimantan No 115 / BLHD / 2012 on the
Establishment of Working Group on Reducing
Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation
(POKJA REDD+) in West Kalimantan, there have
been some achievement of REDD+ Working Group in
an effort to support the program to reduce emissions
from deforestation and forest degradation.
In 2014, the working group has drawn up SRAP
REDD+ document of West Kalimantan Province. The document is used as a reference for
the implementation of REDD+ at the provincial level and district/city level. This SRAP
REDD+ document of West Kalimantan is also expected to contribute significantly to
reducing emissions as well as mitigation and adaptation to climate change.
Along with efforts to meet the MRV mechanism, REDD+ Working Group of West
Kalimantan cooperate with NGOs and academics and joined as FREL team to perform
the calculation and preparation of FREL document. This calculation uses the data from
forest inventory with classification 23 (twenty three) classes of forest cover. FREL
calculated and compiled in this document should go through the mechanism of
verification by independent institutions, namely the UNFCCC to be recognized and used
as a standard in REDD+ incentive mechanism. The preparation of this FREL document
generally refers to the National FREL documents which have been first launched in late
2015 and has been verified by the UNFCCC. I really appreciate the hard work of fellow
FREL team and hope that what has been done will provide a positive contribution to
reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in West Kalimantan. This
result is also a pride because Province of West Kalimantan is the first who officially
launched FREL calculation results as data, methods, and procedures for FREL calculation
through public consultation by inviting stakeholders associated with FREL activities.
Hopefully this results of calculation and preparation of FREL will turn to positive results
for the incentive system, as required by MRV mechanism. And one that is for sure, the
existence of FREL team consisting of various backgrounds can strengthen our
cooperation as stakeholders associated with REDD+ activities. Thus I have to preface this.
Once again I thank you for the hard work of FREL teammates who had done the
calculations and the preparation of this FREL document tirelessly.
ix
Pontianak, August 2016
Head of Environment diganti Head of Division of Impacts and Environmental Law

Compliance
Environment Agency of West Kalimantan
Ir. Adi Yani, MH
x
GOVERNOR OF WEST KALIMANTAN
DECREE OF THE GOVERNOR OF WEST KALIMANTAN

NUMBER: 115/BLHD/2012
CONCERNING
ESTABLISHMENT OF WORKING GROUP ON REDUCING EMISSIONS FROM

DEFORESTATION AND FOREST DEGRADATION (REDD+) OF WEST
KALIMANTAN PROVINCE
Having considered:
a. That the results of CoP 13 meeting in Bali related to climate changes to
encourage all the parties to demonstrate activities of the mechanism on reducing
emissions from deforestation in developing countries and considering the result
of National Consultation Region West Kalimantan related to developing
document of REDD National Strategy in Palangkaraya, October 14-15, 2010, so
the Provincial government of West Kalimantan sees the need for establishing
Working Group on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest
Degradation in West Kalimantan.
b. That based on the consideration referred in point a, so the establishment of
Working Group on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest
Degradation in West Kalimantan needs to be concluded in a decree.
Having borne in mind:

1. Law no. 25 of 1956 on the Establishment of Autonomous Regions of West
Kalimantan, South Kalimantan and East Kalimantan (State Gazette of the
Republic of Indonesia Year 1956 Number 65, Supplement to State Gazette of the
Republic of Indonesia Number 1106);
2. Law No. 5 of 1990 on Conservation of natural resources and its ecosystem (State
Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1990 Number 49, Supplement to State
Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3419);
3. Law No. 5 of 1994 on Ratification of the United Nations Convention On
Biological Diversity (United Nations Convention on biological diversity) (State
Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1994 Number 41, Supplement to State
4. Law No. 6 of 1994 on the Ratification of the United Nations Framework
Convention On Climate Change (Framework Convention of the United Nations
on climate change) (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1994
xi
Number 42, Supplement to State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number
3557);
5. Law No. 41 of 1999 on Forestry as amended by Act No. 19 of 2004 on Stipulation
of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 1 of 2004 on the Amendment of
Act No. 41 of 1999 on Forestry became Act (State Gazette of the Republic of
Indonesia 2004 No. 67, State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4401);
6. Law no 10 of 2004 on Enactment of Regulation (State Gazette of the Republic of
Indonesia Year 2004 Number 125, Supplement to State Gazette of the Republic
of Indonesia Number 4437);
7. Law no 18 of 2004 on Plantations (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia
Year 2004 Number 85, Supplement to State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia
Number 4411);
8. Law no 32 of 2004 on Regional Government (State Gazette of the Republic of
Indonesia Year 2004 Number 125, Supplement to State Gazette of the Republic
of Indonesia Number 4437);
9. Law no 26 of 2007 on Spatial Planning (State Gazette of the Republic of
Indonesia Year 2007 Number 68, Supplement to State Gazette of the Republic of
Indonesia Number 4725);
10. Law no 32 of 2009 on Protection and Management of Environment (State Gazette
of the Republic of Indonesia Year 2009 Number 140, Supplement to State Gazette
of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5059);
11. Government Regulation No 68 of 1998 on Natural Reserves and Areas of Natural
Preservation (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 1998 Number 132,
Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3776);
12. Government Regulation No 44 of 2004 on Forestry Planning (State Gazette of the
Republic of Indonesia of 2004 Number 146, Supplement to the State Gazette of
the Republic of Indonesia Number 4425);
13. Government Regulation No 45 of 2004 on Forest Protection (State Gazette of the
Republic of Indonesia of 2004 Number 147, Supplement to the State Gazette of
the Republic of Indonesia Number 4453);
14. Government Regulation No 6 of 2007 on Forest Organization and the
Formulation of Forest Management and Forest Utilization Plan (State Gazette of
the Republic of Indonesia of 2007 Number 22, Supplement to the State Gazette
of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4696);
15. Government Regulation Number 38 of 2007 on the Division of Central
Government, Provincial Government, and District/Municipality Government
Matters (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2007 Number 82,
Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4737);
16. Presidential Regulation No. 61 Year 2011 on National Action Plan for Reducing
Greenhous Gas Emissions.
17. Presidential Regulation No. 71 Year 2011 on the Implementation of the National
xii
Greenhouse Gas Inventory;
18. Forestry Minister Regulation No. P.68 / Menhut-II / 2008 on the Implementation
of Demonstration Activities for Reducing Carbon Emissions from Deforestation
and Forest Degradation;
19. Forestry Minister Regulation No. P.30 / Menhut-II / 2009 on Procedures for
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD);
20. Forestry Minister Regulation No. p.36 / Menhut-II / 2009 on Procedures for
Licensing of Carbon Sequestration Business and/or Carbon Storage in Production
Forest and Protected Forests;
21. Regional Regulation No. 7 of 2008 on the Long Term Development Plan for
Years 2007-2027 (West Kalimantan Provincial Gazette 2008 No. 7);
22. Regional Regulation No. 8 of 2008 on the Medium Term Development Plan for
Years 2008-2013 (West Kalimantan Provincial Gazette 2008 No. 8);
HAS DECIDED :
To Promulgate:
FIRST : To establish a Working Group of Reducing Emissions from

Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) of West Kalimantan
Province with membership as mentioned in the Appendix to this
Decree.
SECOND : The Working Group as referred to in the FIRST point of this Decree
has Main Duties and Functions as follows:
a. To compile and conduct the analysis on the data and information
related to REDD+ program in West Kalimantan;
b. To carry out REDD+ socialization and communication to all parties
in Regional Working Units (SKPD) technical scope related to
forestry and environment as well as othe parties (Private, NGOs,
and Community) and funder (national and international) engaged in
mitigation and adaptation to climate change and deforestation and
forest degradation issues in West Kalimantan;
c. To support the commitment of Indonesian Government and
National Action Plan target on reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions
up to 26% by 2020 along with all parties in West Kalimantan
government, districts/ cities, private, NGOs, community and funder
(National and International) engaged in mitigation and adaptation
to climate change and deforestation and forest degradation issues in
West Kalimantan;
d. To carry out analysis and study engaged in mitigation and
adaptation to climate change and deforestation and forest
degradation issues along with all parties in West Kalimantan
government, districts/ cities, private, NGOs, community and funder
xiii
(National and International) in assisting the government of West
Kalimantan to drafting and updating the baseline related to
mitigation and adaptation to climate change and deforestation and
forest degradation issues in West Kalimantan;
e. To be the junction of communication along with the government of
West Kalimantan To support the commitment of Indonesian
Government and National Action Plan target on reducing
Greenhouse Gas Emissions up to 26% by 2020;
THIRD : on the main duties and functions, Working Group of Reducing
Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) of
West Kalimantan Province, should always be guided by the prevailing
regulations and be responsible to the Governor of West Kalimantan;
FOURTH : This Decision shall enter into force on the date of promulgation under
the condition that all costs incurred due to the issuance of this Decree
will be sustained by the Local government Budget and or other
legitimate and not binding sources of financing.
PROMULGATED IN : PONTIANAK
ON : JANUARY 18, 2012
CORNELIS
Copy to:
1. The Minister of Home Affairs of RI in Jakarta
2. The Minister of Forestry of RI in Jakarta
3. The State Minister of Environment of RI in Jakarta
4. The Secretary General of the Ministry of Forestry of RI in Jakarta
5. The Director General of Forest Protection and Natural Conservation, in Jakarta
6. The Director of Research and Development, Ministry of Forestry, in Jakarta.
7. The Director of Forestry Production of Ministry of Forestry, in Jakarta.
8. The Head of Parliament of West Kalimantan in Pontianak
9. The Head of Planning Agency of West Kalimantan in Pontianak
10. The Head of Forestry Office of West Kalimantan in Pontianak
11. The Head of Plantations Office of West Kalimantan in Pontianak
12. The Head of Regional Inspectorate of West Kalimantan in Pontianak
13. The Head of Environment Office of West Kalimantan in Pontianak
14. The Head of BKMPD of West Kalimantan in Pontianak
15. The Head of Economy and Development Bereau Regional Secretary of West
Kalimantan in Pontianak.
xiv
Appendix : The Decree of the Governor of West Kalimantan
Number : 115/BLHD/2012
Date : January 18, 2012
THE STRUCTURE OF MEMBERSHIP OF THE WORKING GROUP FOR

REDUCING EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION AND FOREST
DEGRADATION (REDD+) WEST KALIMANTAN PROVINCE
I. Advisor
The Govenor of West Kalimantan
II. Coordinator
The Regional Secretary of West Kalimantan
III. Working Group Board

I. Chief : Robert Susanto, S. Sos., MM
Head of Regional Planning Agency of West Kalimantan
Chief I : Drs. Cornelius Kimha, Msi

Head of Forestry Office of West Kalimantan
Field : Forestry
Chief II : Dr. Ir. H. Darmawan, M.Sc.

Head of Environment Office of West Kalimantan
Field : Environment
Chief III : Ir. G. Michael Jeno, MM

Executive Director of OEDAS
Field : Spatial
Chief IV : Marius Marcellius, SH, MM

Head of Law Bureau Regional Secretary of West Kalimantan
Field : Law and Institution
Social, Economy, and Culture
II. Secretary
1. General Secretary
Ir. Adi Yani, MH
Head of Division Environment law management and impact of
Environment Office of West Kalimantan
2. Vice Secretary
Dr. Ir. H. Gusti Hardiansyah, M.Sc., QAM (Forestry Faculty of Untan/
OEDAS)
xv
Ir. Yuslinda, MM (Head of Division of Infrastructure Planning of Regional
Planning Office of West Kalimantan)
Yosep Lejo Ngo, S. Hut (Project Coordinator OEDAS)
M. Afifudin, S.Hut, MT, M.Sc (Information and Report Staff of Forestry
Office of West Kalimantan)
Divisions
1. Forestry and Conservation
Coordinator:
Ir. Boy DR Manuputty
Head of Division of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation of
Forestry Office of West Kalimantan
Members:
Ir. Evi T.A Silalahi (Head of Protection Division of Plantation Office of West
Kalimantan)
Ir. Togar Fernando Manurung, MP (Forestry Faculty of Tanjungpura
University)
Suri Hartanti, ST (Sub-division Staff of Pollution and Environmental Damage
of Environment Office of West Kalimantan)
Rudy Zapariza (West Kalimantan WWF)
Ronny Christianto, S. Hut (SAMPAN organization)
Dr. Ismeth Khaerudin (National Expert GIZ FORCLIME)
Supia Kusmina, S. Hut (Dian Tama Foundation)
Iwi Kartika (Walhi West Kalimantan)
Ir. Fairus Mulia (PT BIOS)
Gusti Eddy (RCTI)
2. Environment
Coordinator:
Ir. Wuyi Bardini
Head of Division of Natural Control and Conservation of Environment Office of
West Kalimantan
Members:
Ir. Dionisius Endy Vietsama, MMP (Head of Division of coastal, small
islands, and surveillance of marine and fisheries Office of West Kalimantan)
Ir. H. Ani Triana (Head of Subdivision of Environmental Impact Analysis of
Environment Office of West Kalimantan)
Novilla Devi (Head of Subdivision of Finance and Assetsof Environment
Atieka Wulandari, ST (Staff of Subdivision of Environmental Laws and Legal
Management of Environment Office of West Kalimantan)
Drs. Donatus Rantan (Independent Consultant)
Petrus Lie (Sinar Mas Forestry West Kalimantan)
xvi
Lorens, SP (WWF West Kalimantan)
Ganjar Oki W, S.Hut, M.Sc (Forestry Faculty of Tanjungpura University)
Nurul Hayat, SP (LKBN Antara)
3. Spatial Management
Coordinator:
Ir. Yuares Blaise
Head of Division of Spatial Management and Construction Development of
Public Works Office of West Kalimantan
Members:
Ir. Izwari, ST, Msi (Head of Division of Natural Resources economy and
development bureau of Regional Secretary of West Kalimantan)
Ervan Judiarto, ST, MT (Head of Subdivision of Infrastructure of Regional
Planning Office of West Kalimantan)
Sunanto (Head of Subdivision of Work Plan and Monev of Environment
Ir. H. Syafruddin Said, MS (Forestry Faculty of Tanjungpura University)
Ir. Edi Thamrin (Forestry Faculty of Tanjungpura University)
Laurensius Gawing (LBBT)
Dr. Ir. Kristianus Atok, M.Si (YPPN Foundation)
Mursalim (AP Post)
4. Law and Institution

Coordinator:
Rita Kisna, SH, MH
Head of Division of Regulations and Laws Study of Law Bureau of Regional
Secretary Office of West Kalimantan
Members:
M. Yudha Muhdiya, S.Si (Staff of Infrastructure of Regional Planning Office
of West Kalimantan)
Darmawel SH (Head of Subdivision of laws study of laws bureau of Regional
Secretary Office of West Kalimantan)
Lassarus Marpaung, SH (Section Head of Forest Production of Forestry
Drs. Zulkarnain, MT MM (Head of Division of Promotion and Partnership of
Capital Investment Office BKPMD of West Kalimantan)
Ir. Sabinus Melano (Independent Consultant)
Paulus Florus (Regional Enterprise of West Kalimantan)
Bernard Ho (Oil Palm Bussiness Association of West Kalimantan)
M. Yunan Hakim, S. Hut, M. Si (Forestry Faculty of Tanjungpura University)
xvii
5. Social, Economy, and Culture
Coordinator:
Ir. AM Indra Gunawan
Head of Division of Forest Administration and Utilization of Forestry Office of
West Kalimantan
Members:
Wike Yolanda, ST MT (Head of Division of Mining, Energy, and
Environment of Regional Planning Office of West Kalimantan)
Franseda Djaoeng, S.Hut (Head of Division of Forest Production
Development of Forestry Office of West Kalimantan)
Ir. Augustine Lumangkun, M. Sc (Forestry Faculty of Tanjungpura
University)
Ir. Hj. Gusti Eka Tavita, M.Si (Forestry Faculty of Tanjungpura University)
Ir. Rudiansyah, MP ((Agriculture Faculty of Tanjungpura University)
Herkulana Ersinta, SE (Dian Tama Foundation)
Margaretha Tri Wahyuningsih, SE, MSc (Independent Consultant)
Stephanus Akim (Tribun Pontianak)
PROMULGATED IN : PONTIANAK
ON : JANUARY 18, 2012
CORNELIS
xviii
xix
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
One of the basic strategies for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest
degradation activities as stated in the SRAP REDD+ document of West Kalimantan is
SRAP prerequisite fullfilment. FREL Document Preparation is one of the activities that
need to be implemented to fulfill these prerequisites. Preparation of FREL is done with a
view to determine the value of the emissions from the forestry sector that can be used as
a reference in calculating emissions reductions by 2020 and 2030. While the goal are to:
(1) present FREL of West Kalimantan in the implementation of REDD+ including the
steps of analysis used in FREL calculation, (2) communicate to wider public and
stakeholders regarding projections of the alleged emission clearly, transparently,
accurately, completely and consistently as a basis for further discussions with the various
parties concerned and interested to be involved in reducing emissions in West Kalimantan
and (3) disseminate to the Central Government, Provincial Governments, other districts /
cities, the private sector, NGOs and other countries interested in REDD+ mechanism that
have become part of the process of low-carbon development in West Kalimantan in order
to obtain funding through result- based payment mechanisms.
The scope of FREL West Kalimantan is the province of West Kalimantan where in 1990
the land cover was natural forest with an area of 7.6 million hectares. Meanwhile, the
peat land in West Kalimantan, in the calculation of this FREL includes peat in 1990 which
was covered by natural forest with an area of about 1.7 million ha. Activities that included
are only deforestation and forest degradation in both the mineral soil and peat lands. In
this FREL calculation, there are two groups of carbon calculated that are above ground
biomass or abbreviated AGB and soil carbon in deforested and degraded peatland forest
since 1990. Meanwhile, gas emissions calculated are CO2 emissions as the dominant
element in GHG emissions of the Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF).
This FREL Calculation are based on land cover data from KLHK from 1990 till 2012,
peatlands map of the Ministry of Agriculture which had been verified in the field and
inventory data field were taken from 186 sample plots spread across eight districts in West
Kalimantan (District Mempawah Sambas, Bengkayang, Ketapang, Kapuas Hulu, Landak,
Kubu Raya and Pontianak City). There are three (3) types of forest that are obtained from
sample plots they are Dryland Forests, peat swamp forest and mangrove forest. To
calculate the Emission Factor of the three types of forest, it uses allometric Chave et al,
2005, Woods (Upland), Manuri et al, 2014 (Forest peat) and allometric FORDA KLHK,
2012 (for the mangrove forests secondary), whereas Emission Factor for primary
mangrove forests uses national emission factors. On peatlands, Emission Factor uses
IPCC Supplement, 2013. Based on the analysis results, it is known that from 1990 to
2012, West Kalimantan deforestated of 69.239 ha/yr and the forest degradation was
amounted to 20.771 ha/yr. The history of emissions from deforestation and forest
degradation from 1990 to 2012 had an average of 34,2 MtCO2e/yr (0,034GtCO2e/yr).
xx
While the additional emissions from peat decomposition due deforestation and forest
degradation occur ranging from 4.325 MtCO2e/yr 31.873 MtCO2e/year as inherited
emissions.
FREL is compiled based on the availability of data and knowledge in accordance with the
circumstances, the capacity and the ability of West Kalimantan Province. In the future it
can be improved with more detailed data and include REDD+ activities such as
conservation of forest carbon, sustainable forest management, and enhancement of forest
carbon stocks.
xxi
Table of Content
PREFACE I.......................... ................................................................................................................ v
PREFACE II......................................................................................................................................... vii
PREFACE III....................... ................................................................................................................ ix
Decree of The Govenor of West Kalimantan...................................................................................... xi
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................... ............................................................................................. xx
Table of Content.......................... ......................................................................................................... xxii
List of Tables....................... ................................................................................................................. xxiv
List of Figures....................................................................................................................................... xxv
List of Abbreviation................ ............................................................................................................. xxvii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................... 1
A. Background................................................................................................................... 1
B. Aims and Purposes................ ....................................................................................... 3
C. Scope............................................................................................................................. 4
1. Area of Study.................... .................................................................................... 4
2. Scope of Activities............ ................................................................................... 5
3. Calculated Carbon Pool and Gas............ ............................................................. 6
CHAPTER II INPLEMENTATION FOUNDATIONS.................................................................... 9
A. Legal Foundation.......................................................................................................... 9
B. Definition..................... ................................................................................................. 11
1. Forest..................................................................................................................... 11
2. Deforestation............... ......................................................................................... 12
3. Forest Degradation.............. ................................................................................. 13
4. Peatland................................................................................................................. 13
5. FREL..................................................................................................................... 14
CHAPTER III DATA, METHODS, AND PROCEDURES.............. .............................................. 15
A. Land Cover Data.................... ...................................................................................... 15
1. West Kalimantan Peatland Data................... ....................................................... 17
2. Emission Factor from Deforestatin and Forest Degradation............................... 19
3. Peat Emission Factor........... ................................................................................. 19
B. Methodology and Procedure.................... .................................................................... 21
1. Data Collection Method...................... ................................................................. 24
2. Data Analysis Method.................. ........................................................................ 31
CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION................................................................................. 36
A. History of Deforestation in West Kalimantan years 1990-2012................................. 36
B. History of Forest Degradation in West Kalimantan years 1990 to 2012.................... 38
C. Emission Factors to Deforestation, Forest Degradation and Peat Decomposition... . 39
1. Comparison of Some Allometric Test Results on Dryland Forest......... ............ 40
2. Comparison of Some Allometric Test Results on Peat Swamp Forest......... ..... 41
3. Comparison of Some Allometric Test Results on Mangrove Forest......... ......... 42
D. History of Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation............ ................. 43
xxii
CHAPTER V DEVELOPMENT POLICY AND PLANNING OF
WEST KALIMANTAN RELATED TO FREL........................................................ 48
A. Improvement Program on Production Forest Management........................ ................ 50
B. Improvement Program on Land Use and Oil Palm Plantations...................... ............ 52
C. Improvement and Reinforcement Program on Forest Management............ .............. 52
D. Forest and Peatland Fire Prevention Program.................... ......................................... 54
E. Effectiveness Improvement Program of Sustainable Agriculture................ .............. 54
F. Degraded Peatland Rehabilitation Program.............. ................................................. 55
G. Improvement program on land use and mining management..................................... 55
CHAPTER VI IMPROVEMENT OPPORTUNITIES................... .................................................. 60
A. Improvement of Activities Data................................................................................... 60
B. Emission Factor Improvement (Forest Carbon Stock)................................................ 61
C. Emission Factor Correction Peat.................................................................................. 62
D. Estimation of Emissions due Peatland Fires................................................................ 62
E. Inclusion of other REDD+ activities............................................................................ 63
CHAPTER VII CONCLUSSION....................................................................................................... 64
RFFERENCE........................... ............................................................................................................ 65
Appendices...................................... ..................................................................................................... 67
xxiii
List of Tables
Number Main Body Page
Table 1 Change Views On Causes of Deforestation in 1

Indonesia
Table 2 Measured Activity 5
Table 3 Carbon Pool and Greenhouse gas (GHG) 7
Table 4 Land covers classes used in FREL 12
Table 5 Total Forest Area based on its function 16
Table 6 The Depth of Peat in West Kalimantan 18
Table 7 Peat Emission Factor 20
Table 8 working procedures and referral calculation 22
Table 9 Dryland Forest Allometric 32
Table 10 Peatland Forest Allometric 33
Table 11 Magrove Forest Allometric 34
Table 12 References related to categories, parameters and 35

values used
Table 13 Values of biomass and carbon on the surface of the 43

land in West Kalimantan
Table 14 Values of biomass and carbon on the surface of the 44

land in indonesia (Kalimantan)
Table 15 FREL sub-national projections of West Kalimantan 45

(2013 to 2020)
Table 16 FREL sub-national projections of West Kalimantan 46

(2021 to 2030)
xxiv
List of Figures
Number Main Body Page

Figure 1 The position of West Kalimantan Province which is 4
located between major islands in Indonesia
Figure 2 Map of natural forest cover (left) and peatland (right) 4
in West Kalimantan Province in 1990
Figure 3 Land cover from 1990 to 2012 16
Figure 4 West Kalimantan Peatland (Ministry of Agriculture, 18

2011)
Figure 5 Map of the distribution of sample plots of FREL 21
West Kalimantan
Figure 6 Sample plots distribution maps that are overlaid with 22
land cover
Figure 7 Flow of calculation FREL West Kalimantan 23
Figure 8 The distribution of forest inventory sample plots in 24
Kalbar overlaid with land cover maps of 1990 and
2012
Figure 9 Design sample plots FFI-IP 25
Figure 10 Sample plot design of GIZ FORCLIME 26
Figure 11 sample plots Design of BLHD West Kalimantan on 26
dry land forests
Figure 12 Sample plots Design of BLHD for the mangrove 27
forests of West Kalimantan
Figure 13 Capturing the coordinates of sample plots 27
Figure 14 Making an inventory plots 28
Figure 15 Measuring the diameter of the tree 28
Figure 16 DBH measurement standard based on SNI 7724: 29
2011
Figure 17 Tally sheet of data field recording 30
Figure 18 Herbarium Making Process 30
Figure 19 Forest types for FREL West Kalimantan calculation 31
xxv
Figure 20 Allometric calculation Stages of Forestry Research 31
and Development
Figure 21 Vast of natural reserves forest in West Kalimantan in 37
1990 to 2012
Figure 22 The distribution of natural forests in the 38
districts/cities in West Kalimantan in 1990 to 2012
Figure 23 Graph of the rate of deforestation in West 38
Kalimantan in 1990 to 2012
Figure 24 Graph of annual deforestation rates in districts/cities 39
in West Kalimantan
Figure 25 Graph of forest degradation rates in West Kalimantan 39
in 1990 to 2012
Figure 26 Graph of forest degradation rates in the districts/cities 40
in West Kalimantan
Figure 27 Graph of some allometric test results comparison on 41
Dryland Forests
Figure 28 Graph of Allometric Test Results comparison for 42
Peat Swamp Forest
Figure 29 Graph of Allometric Test Results comparison for 43
Mangrove Forests
Figure 30 Graph of history of emissions from deforestation and 45
forest degradation in West Kalimantan
Figure 31 Graph of regression analysis of peat decomposition 47
Figure 32 Graph of FREL West Kalimantan projections in 2013 47

to 2030
Figure 33 Short-term schemes for funding structure 58
Figure 34 Medium-term scheme for funding structure 59
Figure 35 Long term scheme for funding structure 60
Figure 36 Distribution of DA REDD+ 64
xxvi
List of Abbreviation
AMDAL : Environmental Impact Analysis

APL : Other Use Areas
ASF : Amazonas Sustainable Foundation
BAU : Business As Usual
BBM : Fuel Oil
BKSDA : Conservation of Natural Resource
BLH : Agency Environmental Agency
BPKH : Forest Area Consolidation Agency
BUMN : State-Owned Enterprises
CA : Nature Preserve
CER : Certified Emission Reduction
COP : Conference Of The Parties
CSO : Civil Society Organization
DAS : Watershed Area
Disbun : Plantation Office
FAO : Food Agriculture Organization
FGD : Focused Group Discussion
GIS : Geographic Information System
GRK : Greenhouse Gases
G to G : Government To Government
HFC : Hydrofluorocarbons
HCVF : High Conservation Value Forest
HHBK : Non Forest Timber Products
HL : Protected Forest
HLKP : Primary Dryland Forests
HLKS : Secondary Dryland Forests
HMP : Primary Mangrove Forests Primary
HMS : Secondary Mangrove Forests
HP : Production Forest
HPK : Conversion Production Forest
HPT : Limited Production Forest
HKm : Community Forest
HPH : Timber/Logging Concession
HRP : Primary Swamp Forest
HRS : Secondary Swamp Forest
HT : Plantation Forest
IPK : Timber Utilization Permit
IPM : Human Development Index
KLHS : Strategic Environmental Assessment
xxvii
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background
The rate of destruction of tropical forests started from the damage of forest
ecosystems (Degradation) and denudation as well as forest reshuffling (deforestation).
Total loss occurs when natural forests are converted for other use (Plantation, Agriculture)
or intentionally burned, either well planned or not. Ecological losses can occur on
degraded forest caused by human activities including logging and harvesting other forest
products destructively (Ahmad Sumitro, 2005). Thus, maintaining forest (nature) and
keeping the quality of the natural forests from various disorders would become the most
urgent destination, especially with the recent situation.
Inevitably, global dynamics have affected the survival of forests and its rich
ecosystems. Disruption or cause of the destruction of tropical forests has been widely
studied by various institutions with different conclusions. Table 1 presents the changing
views on the causes of deforestation in Indonesia in line with time.
Table 1. Change Views On Causes of Deforestation in Indonesia
Source: Occasional Paper CIFOR No. 9 (1) Year 1997

NB: dark color cells show the behavior / causes that play a major role in deforestation
The table above shows the shift of opinion about the causes of deforestation. World
Bank and FAO said that the main cause is shifting cultivation, WALHI tend to be
consistent on the destroyers of natural forests are timber industries. Barbier found
negative correlation between the extent of forest cover due to increasing population
FREL West Kalimantan | 1

density. Population growth, economy, industry and the level of welfare will make the
consumption of forest products, especially wood becomes higher so that suppresses the
ability of forest growth to keep pace with demand.
Forestry sector in the context of climate change including in LULUCF sector (Land
Use, Land Use Change and Forestry) is one of the important sectors that should be
included in the inventory of greenhouse gas (GHG). Forestry plays an important role in
the carbon cycle. Until now, the contribution of forestry sector GHG emissions is large
enough, which is about 47.12% (MoE, 2009). The magnitude of these emissions, mainly
from deforestation. Besides of deforestation, GHG contribution of the LULUCF sector
comes from peat fires and processed peat. Some of the factors that trigger the degradation
and deforestation are illegal logging, forest fires, and conversion of forest land to other
activities that produce land cover with a lower carbon stocks such as plantations and
agriculture, regional expantions (district), mining and settlement. Emissions sources of
the forestry sector other than CO2 are N2O and CH4.
The forestry and peatlands sector in Indonesia is a sector that has great potential for
carbon emission reduction efforts. This emissions reduction is done through a mechanism
to reduce deforestation and forest and peatland degradation, ecosystems conservation,
sustainable forests management, enhancement of carbon stocks. At the international level,
the mechanism is known as Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation Plus
(REDD+) which the concept is recognized at the meeting of the Parties or COP13 in Bali
in 2007.
Conference of the Parties (COP) under the United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change (UNFCCC) invited developing countries to provide a strategic
document which aims to address the reduction of emissions from deforestation and land
degradation. (REDD +). West Kalimantan as Indonesia that have been following up
voluntarily prepared proposals of reference emission level of forestry (FREL / Forest
Reference Emission Level) Sub-national for deforestation and forest degradation as a
reference for payment based on results (Result-based payments) for activities related to
REDD+. FREL in the proposing of Sub-national West Kalimantan is a dynamic
refinement of policy direction ever devised (read: RAD GRK, SRAP REDD) sub-national
FREL West Kalimantan. The submission was to meet national policy direction within the
framework of climate change mitigation in the forestry sector and REDD+ based, as well
as in efforts to promote readiness of West Kalimantan in REDD+ voluntary, which is
required by COP by following the guidelines for technical assessment and adopting the
principles of transparency, accuracy, completeness and consistency.
Experts who represent across Local Governments, stakeholders, ministries and
agencies tasked to facilitate the writing process through transparent and participatory
mechanisms by scientific. A phased approach to the FREL calculation is applied and
enabled West Kalimantan to improve and enhance FREL by incorporating better data,
improved methodologies, and additional categories if necessary, also recording of
adequate and predictable support as mentioned in decision 1 / CP. 16, paragraph 71.
The definition of forests, deforestation, forest and peatland degradation used in this
2 | FREL West Kalimantan

document are translated and explained in order to be consistent with the data used. Scope
of the extent to FREL calculation is including primary and secondary forests in it,
regardless of their status in the national forest by the Ministry of Forestry (2014).
Decision 12/CP.17 provides guidelines for developing countries to implement
REDD+ and inserts the submission of FREL / FRL transparently, completely, consistently
with guidelines agreed by COP and accurate information to make it possible to do a
technical assessment of the data, methods and procedures that are used in constructing
FREL / FRL. The information provided should be based on the latest direction and
guidance to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, adopted or encouraged by
the COP.
FREL establishment does not only apply the principles of "transparency, accuracy,
inclusiveness, and consistency", but also consider the "practicality and cost effectiveness"
This means that all the data and information used in this submission is based on the
operating system of day-by-day in the national budget, which allows a technical
assessment and verification of data, methodologies and procedures used. This is
important, especially when FREL will be included in the Measurement, Reporting and
Verification (MRV).
Two REDD+ activities under Decision 1/CP.16 verse 70 that are included in the
FREL construction, namely deforestation and forest degradation. Moreover CO2
emissions from biomass on land and degraded peatlands are included in this calculation.
The rationale of the region, activities, pool and gas included in FREL construction are
described in the following discussion.
Deriving from that all, West Kalimantan province deems it necessary to draw up a
FREL document that would referred to the National FREL that has been submitted to the
UNFCCC Secretariat for Technical Assessment (TA). Besides referring to the National
FREL, West Kalimantan FREL also refers to the Strategy and Action Plan for the
Province of West Kalimantan REDD+ that had been developed in 2014 ago.
B. Aim and Purposes
The development of this report aims to determine the emission levels of forest that
can be used as a reference in calculating the reduction in emissions by 2020 and 2030.
While the purposes are:
1. To describe West Kalimantan FREL in the implementation of REDD+ including the
steps of analysis used in the calculation of West Kalimantan FREL
2. To communicate to the wider public and stakeholder regarding the alleged emission
projections in clear, transparent, accurate, complete and consistent as a basis for further
discussions with the various parties concerned and interested to be involved in
reducing emissions in West Kalimantan
3. To disseminate to the central government, other provinces, regencies/ municipalities,
private sectors, NGOs and other countries interested in REDD+ mechanism that has
become part of the process of low-carbon development in West Kalimantan in order

to obtain financing through result- based payment mechanism.
4. To support the implementation of the Low Carbon Forest Investment Strategy listed
in Province Strategy and Action Plan of West Kalimantan REDD+
C. Scope
1. Area of Study
Areas of study presented in this report is the region of West Kalimantan in 1990
which is covered by natural forest, with an area of 7.6 million hectares or 51% of the
area of West Kalimantan Province. Natural forests in question here included primary and
secondary forests as well as peatlands inside regardless the function of forest areas as
determined by the Minister of Forestry of Indonesia (2014).
Figure 1. West Kalimantan strategic position among the major islands in Indonesia
Figure 2. Natural forest cover map (Left) and Peatlands (Right) of West Kalimantan Province in 1990
Peatlands which are not natural forests are not included in this FREL, In the future,
non-natural forested peatlands need to be included in the building of FREL, especially

when the data that allows the inclusion of REDD+ activities in Decision 1/ CP.16
paragraph 70 (forest conservation, forests sustainable management and enhancement of
forest carbon stocks) have been provided.
2. Scope of Activities
In the calculation of this FREL, the included activities are only deforestation and
forest degradation in both the mineral soil and peatlands. Selection of these two activities
to West Kalimantan FREL calculation is based on the following considerations:
1. The substantial contribution to the total emissions from land use, land use change and
forestry (LULUCF), and
2. The quality and availability of data in relation to the accuracy, completeness,
inclusiveness and consistency
Deforestation and forest degradation data is obtained from the monitoring system
provided consistent in methodology, it is important in the process of building FREL.
However, the monitoring system by pairing various degrees of degradation, especially
with the wide range of natural forest bioregion of Indonesia. Wallace and Webber line
divide Indonesia into three distinct ecological zones that show different characteristics of
plants and animals (Kartawinata, 2005; Mayr, 1944).
Although the activity data series is available in a long time, carbon sequestration
data is very limited and rare. Therefore, other REDD+ activities such as forest
degradation at a more detailed level, conservation of forest carbon stocks, sustainable
forest management, enhancement of forest carbon stocks, are not included on the
making of this FREL. Referring to the agreement in the Decision 12 / CP.17 FREL can
be updated in line with the availability of better data, more complete data, improved
methods, and additional categories, recording important appropriate and predictable
support as mentioned in decision 1/ CP. 16, paragraph 71. Illustration. Table 2 below
shows the measured activity.
Table 2. Measured Activity

REDD + activity (1) Deforestation
measured in FREL
(2) Forest Degradation
Reason 1) The largest contribution to total emission of land use, land use change and forestry
(LULUCF)
2) The availability and reliability of data in the context of the TACC (Transparency,
Accuracy, Completeness, Consistency)
Challenge 1) Monitoring of Forest Degradation with variations in the level of damage is still difficult
to do with remote sensing image so that the degree of uncertainty is still high,
2) Lack of reliable data to estimate forest carbon storage
Other Activities (Forest Degradation with better information, conservation of carbon
stocks, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks)
are still not measured in the current FREL calculation.
Improvement Estimation improvement can be done in accordance with Decision 12 / CP 17 which
opportunities supports a phased approach in determining FREL with better data, updated methodology
and, if possible, an additional pool

3. Calculated Carbon Pool and Gas
In this FREL calculation, there are two groups of calculated carbon that are above
ground biomass or abbreviated AGB and soil carbon on peatland with deforestation and
forest degradation since 1990. Meanwhile, the calculated gas emissions are CO2
emissions as the dominant element in GHG emissions from LULUCF. Based on the CO2
has contributed more than 99.9% of the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In addition
to CO2, there are also other greenhouse gases such as methane (CH4), nitrous oxide
(N2O), Hydro Fluorocarbon (HFC), Perfluorocarbon (PFC), and others (Indonesia's
Second National Communication, 2011). Yet analyzed in this report is only Carbon
Dioxide (CO2).
AGB is a carbon cluster that is important in LULUCF emissions. AGB and organic
soil is the dominant element when compared to four other carbon groups such as below
ground biomass, piles of wood, litter and soil minerals. In addition, the data available
which is linked to other carbon groups are now still very limited. Reviews of the
proportion of carbon groups conducted by Krisnawati et al. (2014) found that the
proportion of vegetation and germination in the soil is very small. Correspondingly, litter
contributes only about 2% of the total forest biomass. Without ignoring the importance of
soil carbon in the peat, some important reasons on the selection of AGB (pool) in this
calculation are as follows:
1. Emissions from deforestation and forest degradation mostly obtained from AGB pool.
AGB is the most widely analyzed Carbon pool on the types of ecosystems in Indonesia,
which allow further calculations for carbon emissions with more accurate results by
using either Tier 2 or Tier 3 and can be compared in national scope. AGB data is
plentiful and can be estimated using allometric equation. Various studies for
Allometric equations to gauge AGB in Indonesia has been provided (like Yamakura
et al., 1986; Ketterings et al., 2001; Chave et al., 2005; Basuki et al., 2009; Krisnawati
et al., 2012; Manuri et al., 2014).
2. Indonesia has completed the estimation of AGB value, conducted by the Ministry of
Forestry (now the Ministry of Environment and Forestry). It is based on the Forest
Inventory by National Forest Inventory (NFI) Field Data System which covers all
Indonesian forest since 1990.
3. Forestry Research and Development Agency in Ministry of Environment and Forestry
in collaboration with Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) has developed an
online carbon monitoring system in 13 provinces (http://puspijak.org/karbon/). The
system is built to estimate AGB based on the permanent plots sample in several types
of vegetation.
4. On subsequent re-calculation, AGB calculation will be simpler and easier from the
national level to sub-national level.

Carbon groups and activities that are used in the FREL calculation are also
consistent with national standards for the calculation and monitoring of emission
reductions, emission prevention and enhancement of forest carbon stocks. Some of the
Indonesian National Standard (SNI) to calculate and monitor forest carbon has been
issued by the Ministry of Forestry with reference to IPCCGuideline 2006, namely:
- SNI 7725:2011 on the Development of allometric equations for estimating Forest

Carbon Stocks based on field calculation (ground based forest carbon accounting).
- SNI 7724:2011 on the measurement and calculation of carbon stocks-Field
Measurement for Estimating Forest Carbon Stocks (Ground based Forest Carbon
Acounting). and
- SNI 7848:2013 on implementation of demonstration activity (DA) REDD+
Especially for peatland, emissions from peat decomposition is calculated at a

location where deforestation and forest degradation occurs. Peat emissions are calculated
not only while deforestation is occurring, but it will continue in a longer period, until the
organic matter or peat decomposed perfectly. The on going analysis are on emissions
associated with drying (emissions from peat decomposition). Although drying and fire are
the main source of GHG emissions in peatlands, but the emissions from peat fires are not
included in this FREL calculation, because the data are quite complex and the uncertainty
is high (Agus et al., 2013). Illustrations of calculated carbon pool and greenhouse gas
(GHG) can be seen in Table 3 :
Table 3. Carbon Pool and Greenhouse gas (GHG)
Scope Illustration
Carbon Pool Above Ground Biomass (AGB) is a most
important carbon pool (most dominant) in the
calculation of LULUCF emissions (land use, land-use
change and forestry) compared to four other carbon
pools (below ground biomass, dead wood, litter,
organic soil) non-AGB data in West Kalimantan are
still very limited
Peatland emissions by decomposition due to
deforestation and forest degradation. Emissions from
peat decomposition is counted since the start of the
deforestation / degradation and continued emitting
until the peat material is exhausted (inherited
emission). Soil carbons emissions in peatland forests
were counted because of its contribution to the
overall emissions from forests. Emissions from peat
fires has not been calculated (refer to the National

FREL Document)
GHG CO2 is the most dominant gas of the types of
Carbon dioxide (CO2) greenhouse gases especially on LULUCF emissions.
Report from Indonesia's Second National
Communication states that the CO2 has contributed
99.9% of total GHG.

CHAPTER II
IMPLEMENTATION FOUNDATIONS
A. Legal Foundation
Since the meeting of G-20 Pittsburgh in 2009, where the President of Indonesia is
committed to reduce emissions by 26% by 2020 through Business as Usual (BAU)
mechanism with its own capabilities and up to 41% if it is supported through international
financing, Indonesia submitted voluntary commitment to the Secretariat of UNFCCC to
reduce emissions by 26% through the four sectors including forestry and land use, which
is known as the Presidential Decree No. 61/2011 on the National Action Plan for the
Reduction of Emissions of GHG (RAN-GRK). Referring to the Dec. 1 / CP. 16, RAN-
GRK can be categorized as a unilateral Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions
(NAMAs), and as the subject of Measuring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) activity.
Meanwhile, the commitment can be categorized as NAMAs supporter, and in terms of
land use in Indonesia, contribution by 41% to emission reduction targets can be achieved
through several schemes, including REDD+ and NAMAs supports (REDD+ Task Force,
2012). The implementation of West Kalimantan FREL will be in accordance with laws
and regulations in force. Therefore, this West Kalimantan FREL has legal basis among
others:
Law No. 25 of 1956 on the Establishment of Autonomous Regions of West
Kalimantan, South Kalimantan and East Kalimantan (State Gazette of the Republic of
Indonesia Year 1956 Number 65, Supplement to State Gazette of the Republic of
Indonesia Number 1106);
Law No. 5 of 1994 on Ratification of the United Nations Convention On Biological
Diversity (United Nations Convention on biological diversity) (State Gazette of the
Republic of Indonesia Year 1994 Number 41, Supplement to State Gazette of the
Republic of Indonesia Number 3556);
Law No. 6 of 1994 on the Ratification of the United Nations Framework Convention
On Climate Change (Framework Convention of the United Nations on climate change)
(State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1994 Number 42, Supplement to
State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3557);
Law No. 41 of 1999 on Forestry as amended by Act No. 19 of 2004 on Stipulation of
Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 1 of 2004 on the Amendment of Act No.
41 of 1999 on Forestry became Act (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia 2004
No. 67, State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4401);
Law No. 32 of 2009 on the Protection and Management of the Environment (State
Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Year 2009 Number 140, Supplement to the State
Law No. 23 of 2014 on Regional Government, as amended by the Act No. 9 of 2015
on Second Amendment of Act No. 23 of 2014 on Regional Government (State Gazette
of the Republic of Indonesia Year 2014 Number 244, Supplement to the State Gazette
of the Republic of Indonesia No. 5587); Presidential Regulation No. 61 Year 2011 on
the National Action Plan for Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction and the Presidential
Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia;
Presidential Regulation No. 71 Year 2011 on the Implementation of the National
Greenhouse Gas Inventory;
Presidential Regulation No. 62 Year 2013 on the Management Board of Reducing
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Deforestation, Forest Degradation and Peatland;
Forestry Minister Regulation No. P.68 / Menhut-II / 2008 on the Implementation of
Demonstration Activities for Reducing Carbon Emissions from Deforestation and
Forest Degradation;
Forestry Minister Regulation No. P.30 / Menhut-II / 2009 on Procedures for Reducing
Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD);
Forestry Minister Regulation No. p.36 / Menhut-II / 2009 on Procedures for Licensing
of Carbon Sequestration Bussiness and/or Carbon Storage in Production Forest and
Protected Forests;
Regional Regulation No. 8 of 2008 on the Medium Term Development Plan for Years
2008-2013 (West Kalimantan Provincial Gazette 2008 No. 8);
West Kalimantan Province Regional Regulation No. 10 of 2008 on the Organizational
Structure of the Region of West Kalimantan Province, as amended several times and
most recently by Regional Regulation No. 9 of 2014 concerning Third Amendment of
Regional Regulation No. 10 of 2008 on the Organizational Structure of the Region of
West Kalimantan Province (Official Gazette of the Province of West Kalimantan Year
2008 Number 10 , Supplement to West Kalimantan Province Gazzette No. 8);
Governor Decree No. 437 / BLHD / 2013 on the Establishment of Document
Preparation Team Provincial Strategy and Action Plan for Reducing Emissions from
Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD + SRAP) in West Kalimantan Province;
Governor Decree No 27 of 2012 on Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions of West
Kalimantan;
Circular Letter of Minister of Home Affairs No. 660/95 / SJ / 2012, Minister of
National Development Planning No. 0005 / M.PPN / 01/2012 and Minister of
Environment No. 01 / MenLH / 01/2012 concerning the preparation of the Regional
Action Plan for Reducing Emissions from Greenhouse Gases (RAD-GRK) dated on

January 11, 2012;
Governor Decree No. 554 / BLHD / 2013 on the Document Ratification of the
Provincial Strategy and Action Plan for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and
Forest Degradation (REDD + SRAP) in West Kalimantan Province;
West Kalimantan Governor Decree No. 115 / BLHD / 2012 on the establishment of
Working Group on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation
(REDD +) in West Kalimantan Province;
West Kalimantan Governor Decree No. 216 / BLHD / 2016 on the Establishment of
Monitoring, Reporting and Verification Team of REDD+
B. Definition
West Kalimantan FREL can not be separated from national FREL which is the
primary reference. Referring to the National FREL, the following definitions are used
related to the realization of FREL in West Kalimantan:
1. Forests
The definition of forests used in the making of this subnational FREL can be
explained formally and technically. Forests in this document are defined as land area of
more than 0.25 hectares with trees higher than 5 meters and a canopy to cover more than
30 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds in the field. This is the definition from
Ministry of Forestry, such as mentioned in Decree No. 14 of 2004 on the CDM (Clean
Development Mechanism) (Ministry of Forestry, 2004). According to FAO, the definition
of forest is a land area of more than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than 5 meters and a
canopy cover of more than 10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds in the field.
Not including land which are mostly used for agricultural or settlement. Forest definition
used by Ministry of Forestry is created to meet the needs of climate change mitigation
schemes in the Clean Development Mechanism and further suitable to be used in building
FREL. This definition is used by the MoF for the purpose of ground-truthing to support
the classification of satellite imagery.
In this document, the term "working definition" of forests used to produce land
cover maps through visual interpretation of satellite imagery in the polygon determination
of the minimum scale of 0.25 cm2 on a scale of 1: 50.000 which is equivalent to 6.25 Ha.
The term "working definition" is used in the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 8033:
2014 in "A method of measuring changes in forest cover based on the interpretation of
optical remote sensing images visually". SNI defines forest based on satellite data features
including color, texture and brightness. Forests are grouped into seven classes based on
the type of forests and degradation or level of succession. Six of seven classes of forest
are categorized as natural forest as seen in Table 4 below.

Table 4. Land covers classes used in FREL
2. Deforestation
Deforestation is defined as the conversion of natural forest cover to other land cover
categories that only happens once in a given territory. Emphasis on the practical definition
of land cover rather than land use. Because it is different from the definition of
deforestation by FAO, which uses the term land use. The practical definition refers to
Regulation No. 30/2009 which states that deforestation as a permanent change of the
forested areas to non-forested caused by human activity (MoF, 2009).
Because the definitions of forest can still be debated, especially in Indonesia which
has a very dynamic conditions for the climate, region, and ecology. Definition of
deforestation used in Indonesia is also very diverse, referring to the technical and
ecological aspects. Deforestation definitions used in this document mainly for practical

purposes, the simplicity and clarity during the process of identification and classification.
Some experts said that this method was "gross deforestation" (IFCA, 2008). This
approach is also used in many REDD+ programs to avoid confusion with the change of
land cover due to afforestation and reforestation in the Clean Development Mechanism,
(CDM)
3. Forest Degradation
In this document, forest degradation is defined as a change of grade of primary
forests, including primary dryland forest, primary mangrove and primary peat forest into
secondary forest classes. These definitions are the strict sense of the degradation which is
a reduction in the ability of the forest to produce ecosystem services such as carbon
reserves and timber as a result of human activities and environmental changes (eg
Thompson et al., 2013). ITTO (2002) defines a degraded forest as natural forest that has
been fragmented or have been used, including for wood and non-wood forest harvesting
that changed the whole forest cover and structure. Based on Ministerial Decree No.
30/2009 Forest degradation is a reduction in the quantity of forest cover and carbon stocks
for a certain period caused by human activities.
The main causes of forest degradation include unsustainable logging, agriculture
(shifting cultivation), fires, firewood gathering, and grazing cattle, all of which have
variable effects on the level of degradation. However, for now there is no common
approach for identifying degraded forest because the opinions regarding forest
degradation vary depending on the cause, certain good or service of interest, time and
spatial scale and geophysical conditions that affect forest structure. With the distinctive
and diverse condition of Indonesia, defining the level of degradation is not easy. So that
the definition used for forest degradation here is the common definition.
4. Peatland
Peatland is defined as an area with accumulation of decomposed organic matter,
the soil with saturated water with carbon content of about 12% (usual C content of 40-
60%) and the thickness of the carbon-rich layer at least 50 cm (Agus et. Al., 2011; SNI,
7025: 2013). Indonesia's complete peatlands map is made in the period 2002-2004
(Wahyunto et. Al., 2003, 2004, and 2006). This map mentioned that peatland area of
about 20.6 million hectares. Ritung et al. (2011) process this map by using soil survey
data collected for the last ten years. Updated map comes up with a new area of peatland
about 14.9 million hectares. The main sources estimated too high on the previous map
due to lack of data measurement in the field to Papua, and was very dependent on the use
of Landsat TM.
Peatland is an important land resources not only for carbon storage, also for the
livelihood of people from a variety of agricultural crops produced. However, the
appropriate agricultural conversion requires draining of peat which results in high CO2
emission levels. Dry peat also results in a fire-prone during the dry season which causes
high emissions of greenhouse gases (Hiraishi et. Al., 2014).

5. FREL
In this submission, FREL becomes a benchmark for assessing the performance of
Indonesia in implementing REDD+, shown in equal to tons of carbon dioxide per year.
FREL technical definition used in this submission is a projection of gross CO2 emissions
that is used as a compared reference of actual emissions at specific point in the future. In
accordance with decision 12 / CP.17 FREL will be updated periodically adjusted in
consideration of new knowledge, new trends and the modification of the scope and
methods.
At UNFCCC COP decide to use the term forest reference emission levels and/or
forest reference levels (FREL/FRL). Although the UNFCCC does not specifically explain
the difference between FREL and FRL, a common understanding is FREL only includes
gross emissions for example, from deforestation and forest degradation, while FRL
includes both emissions sources and removals by sinks, (carbon sink) it means including
the conservation of forests carbon stocks, sustainable forests management and
enhancement of forest carbon stocks.
FREL is based on historical forest dynamics and used as a benchmark for future
performance evaluation for REDD+ activities. FREL made by considering the trend, the
starting time, the availability and reliability of historical data, and the duration of the
adequate reference period to describe the dynamics of policy and impact during the
period.

CHAPTER III
DATA, METHODS, AND PROCEDURES
Supporting data is needed to estimate the emision levels. The data used, both the
activity data and emission factors should be sorted based on the principles of transparency,
accuracy, completeness and consistency. In addition, to ensure the principles of
practicality and cost effectiveness, it is important to take data continually based on the
applicable system. Thus, the process used can be repeated in the future to demonstrate
how REDD+ works through MRV (Accounting, Reporting, and Verification). The data
set used in this document was developed by reliable and consistent national institute along
with national GHG Inventory, BUR (Biennial Update Report) and INDC (Intended
Nationally Determined Contribution).
A. Land Cover Data

Land cover data used for building activity data in this document is land cover map
produced by the Ministry of Environtment and Forestry. Land cover map was produced
by using Landsat satellite imagery. The image was digitized manually using visual
interpretation techniques. Classification was made by using 23 (twenty three) land cover
classes, including six classes of natural forests. A detailed explanation of the land cover
provided in Appendix 1.
Land cover used refers to the National Forest Monitoring System (NFMS) that has
been stored in NFMS website (www.nfms.dephut.go.id) connected into one map web GIS
(www.tanahair.indonesia.go.id). This data describes the land cover and its changes over
the years that have been developed and updated on a regular basis since 2000. In addition,
the 1990 data was also added to the NFMS. For this FREL submission, dataset from 1990,
1996, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2012 are used to describe the historical data of land
cover in West Kalimantan region. Dataset from the Ministry of Forestry is the data which
has been researched by examining and comparing the consistency of the data with the
other available data, for example, the data of forest and non-forest from LAPAN and other
results that have been published in peer reviewed international journals (Tanuwijaya et.al.,
2014 and Hansen et al, 2013).
Land cover dataset of Ministry of Environment and Forestry (23 classes) refers to
SNI 8033: 2014 that is calculation method of forest cover changes based on the
interpretation of optical remote sensing images visually, with the time period from 1990
to 2012. This land cover calculation used Landsat satellite imagery interpreted manually
(visual) with minimum mapping unit 6.25 ha. As shown in Figure 3
By area function, West Kalmantan is divided into two area functions, namely
protected area function and cultivation area function. In landscape MoF Decree No. 733
of 2014 states that the function of protected areas cover 3,930,995 ha, or 46.88%, and the

Figure 3:Land Cover from 1990 - 2012
function of cultivation areas cover 4.454.545Ha or 53.12%. In detail area functions in
West Kalimantan region can be seen in Table 5 below:
Table 5. Total Forest Area based on its function
No Area Status Wide (Ha)

A Kawasan Lindung / ProtectedArea = 3930995 Ha
1. Hutan Cagar Natural / Natural Conservation 153.789
2. Hutan Taman Nasional / National Park 1.244.243
3. Hutan Wisata Alam / Nature Tourism Forest 31.728
4. Hutan Lindung / Protected Forest 2.310.422
5. Asylum Alam Laut / Marine Conservation 190.813
- Mainland / Land
- Bodies / Waterworks

B Kawasan Budidaya / CultivatedArea = 5.226.135Ha
1.Hutan Produksi Terbatas / 2.131.302
Limited Production Forest
2.Hutan Produksi Ordinary / 2.125.528
Common Production Forest
3.Hutan Produksi Conversion / 197.715
Convertible Production Forest
Jumlah 8.385.540
Source:SK Menhut No. 733 Year 2014
1. West Kalimantan Peatland Data

Various data of peatlands in Indonesia that are available come from many sources
(Daryono, 2010). There are variations from the existing data because of the differences in
defining peat (see chapter II sub ch.3, for the definitions used in this document). Spatial
data of peatland used in this FREL was provided by the Center for Agricultural Land
Resources, Ministry of Agriculture which covers the entire territory of Indonesia, based
on some related maps, field surveys, and supported by verification checks on the ground
in Ritung et al. (2011). The latest map was used for the Indicative Map of New License
Termination (PIPIB). The largest corrected/removed peat territory were rarely studied
peatlands, particularly in South and South East Papua. Many regions of this area were
previously identified as peat. Through field verification it is known that the soil carbon
content of this location is less than 12% or peat with thickness less than 50 cm (Ritung et
al., 2011). Such land is classified as mineral soil.
Data updating was done mainly on the three main islands, where peatlands
encountered, namely Sumatera, Kalimantan and Papua. Several related thematic maps
were used to identify and delineate the distribution of peat, included improving maps of
peat on the main island, planning and evaluation of land resources map (LREP), soil maps,
peatland map for Mega Rice Project and Agro-ecology zone map, including topographic
map (base map) and geological map. In addition, Landsat imagery was used to improve
the quality of the distribution of peatland ecosystems. Methods and detailed descriptions
are available in Ritung et al. (2011) (Appendix 2). A map with a scale of 1: 250.000 is
suitable for FREL analysis at national level. Map was published in pages
bbsdlp.litbang.pertanian.go.id.
To get the specific peatland map in West Kalimantan Province is separated from
the master/national map by cutting spatially using government administrative base map
of West Kalimantan Province with scale of 1: 250.000 as shown in Figure 4 below.

Figure 4. West Kalimantan Peatlands (MoF,2011)
Ministry of Agriculture said that, peatlands in West Kalimantan spread on district

of Bengkayang, Kapuas Hulu, Ketapang, Pontianak (Mempawah today), Melawi,
Sambas, Sekadau, Sintang and also city of Pontianak and Singkawang. As shown in Table
6 below that shows the distribution of peatland in Kalimantan Barat.
Table 6. The Depth of Peat in West Kalimantan

Source: Ministry of Agriculture Year 2011. http://bbsdlp.litbang.pertanian.go.id/
2. Emission Factors from Deforestation and Forest Degradation

The main source of data used to create emission factors derived from the Forest
Inventory plot in 8 districts / cities in West Kalimantan. The eight districts / cities are
Pontianak, Ketapang, Landak, Bengkayang, Sambas, Mempawah, Kapuas Hulu, and
Kubu Raya. Forest inventory was done by Regional Environtment Agency of West
Kalimantan province, FFI-IP, and GIZ FORCLIME from years 2010-2016 the number of
plots available were as many as 201 plots prepared to be analyzed and processed. In each
plot all trees with a diameter of at least 5 cm were measured by its DBH. Tree classes
were also recorded by the local name, location information, including observations of
disturbance and regeneration, and the non wood plants data (bamboo, rattan, etc). Sample
plots were categorized by type/condition of its location, including the land system, land
use, forest type, stand condition, and topography. The protocol used for field sampling
and design of systems for processing the sample plots data were described in NFPA 7724-
2011. As part of process for ensuring data quality, each individual tree in sample plots
was recorded and the plot information was noted for each sample plot. Data validation
performed, including: (i) the location of sample plots shown with a sample plot map, (ii)
Checking the number of the recorded units (sub plot) in each sample plot, (iii) checking
the measurement data via DBH filter abnormality and the type name of each individual
trees on sample plots, (iv) Examination of basal area and density of stands, etc. A detailed
explanation of the plot analysis process is described in Appendix 3
3. Peat Emission Factor

Contributions of peat in emissions mainly come from forest fires, peat oxidation
and solidification resulted from the peat shrinkage. Van Noordwijk et al. (2014) explained
that the mechanism involving peat ecosystem can not be separated from one another.
Assessing peat emissions should be seen as a whole, as well as relationships therein. The
process that occurs in the peat will be affected by land management activities, such as
land clearing, drainage, spacing and depth of irrigation. Due to the complicated process
in peatland ecosystems and interconnected relationship with land cover, emissions
calculation from peat decomposition should preferably be accumulated from the first year
to the next year based on the average of peat decomposition in every land cover. Overview
of emissions factor for peat decomposition are presented in Table 7 IPCC Supplement
2013 below.

Table 7. Peat Emission Factor
Source : IPCC, 2013

No. Land Cover Emission 95% confidence Remarks
-1
(tCO2 ha interval
-1
th )
1. Nature Forest 0 0 0 IPCC (2006)
Primary
2. Nature Forest 19 -3 35 IPCC (2013)
Secondary
3. Plantation Forest 73 59 88 IPCC (2013)
4. Plantation 40 21 62 IPCC (2013)
5. Dryland 51 24 95 IPCC (2013)
Agriculture
6. Mixed Dryland 51 24 95 IPCC (2013)
Agriculture
7. Dry Shrublands 19 -3 35 IPCC (2013)
8. Wet Shrublands 19 -3 35 IPCC (2013)
9. Savana and 35 -1 73 IPCC (2013)
Grassland
10. Rice field 35 -1 73 IPCC (2013)
11. Swamp 0 0 0 Waterlogged condition,
assumed zero CO2 emission
12. Fishpond 0 0 0 Waterlogged condition,
13. Transmigration 51 24 95 Assumed similar to mixed
Area upland agriculture
14. Settlement 35 -1 73 Assumed similar to
grassland
15. Dock 0 0 0 Assumed zero as most
surface is sealed with
concrete.
16. Mining 51 24 95 Assumed similar to bare
land

17. Empty Land 51 24 95 IPCC (2013)
18. Water Body 0 0 0 Waterlogged condition,
B. Methodology and Procedure

Data were measured by using the survey data from the ground check of forest
inventory spread over eight districts and cities in West Kalimantan, namely Kapuas Hulu,
Ketapang, Pontianak, Landak, Mempawah, Sambas, Bengkayang, and Kubu Raya. While
land cover data used land cover of BAPLAN in accordance with the sixth forest classes
of FREL national standard namely Primary Dryland Forest (HLKP), Secondary Dryland
Forest (HLKS), Primary Swamp Forest (HRP), Secondary Swamp Forests (HRS),
Primary Mangrove Forest (HMP) and Secondary Mangrove Forest (HMS).
Data inventory results in West Kalimantan totalling 186 plots are divided into three
types of land cover ie Dryland Forest, Peat Swamp Forest and Mangrove Forest with
different sample plots design. This is because the inventory data are sourced from
different agencies. BLHD, Forestry Faculty of Untan, FFI-IP, and GIZ FORCLIME. Each
data inventory was collected and obtained, and it was estimatedly enough to represent the
land cover in Kalbar. These data will be processed based on the main guide to build FREL.
Of course everything refers to the National FREL document which has been submitted to
the UNFCCC Secretariat.
For more details, see the plot map FREL inventory of forest cover which is owned
by West Kalimantan in Figure 5, the Distribution of Sample Plot Map FREL in West
Kalimantan Below.
Figure 5. Distribution of Sample Plot Map FREL in West Kalimantan
Examples of FRELs data collection location in West Kalimantan as shown in Figure 6 below.

Figure 6: Sample plots distribution maps that are overlaid with land cover
While the working procedures, the period of reference used in this book is the
period of 1990 - 2012. The reasons:
1. Availability of land cover data that are transparent, accurate, complete and consistent
2. Reflecting on the general condition of the forest transition in Indonesia
3. The length of the period describes the conditions and events in the sub-national and
policy dynamics that influenced (biolistik, social, economic growth, political and
spatial planning), refer to National FREL submitted to the UNFCCC Secretariat. More
details, see Table 8 for working procedures and referral calculation.
Table 8. Working Procedures and Referral Calculation

No. Reference Period 1990-2012
1. Reason Data availability of Land Cover are transparent,
accurate, complete and consistent
Reflecting on the general condition of the forest
transition in Indonesia
Length of the period that describes the conditions and
events in the sub-national and policy dynamics that
influence (biophysical, social, economic growth,
political and spatial planning) referring to the National
FREL submitted to the UNFCCC Secretariat
2. FREL Calculation Historical emissions from deforestation and forest

degradation from 1990 to 2012

3. GHG Emissions Deforestation: different carbon stock (gross
Calculation Method deforestation)
Forest degradation: carbon stock different
Peat emissions: emissions from peat decomposition in
4. Uncertainty estimation the deforestation
Uncertainty (U) is and forest by
calculated degradation occurred
following the IPCC
2006 Guidelines.
(reference If the EA 2013)
IPCC supplement, is the uncertainty of the
activity data and EE is the uncertainty of the emission
factor of the forest to the class-r and i- activities, the
value of the combination of uncertainty can be
calculated by the equation:Uij = ^EAij2 + EEij2
FREL calculation is done by considering the following data:

Deforestation :carbon stock different (gross deforestation)
Forest Degradation :carbon stock different
Peat Emission : emission of decomposed peat from where the deforestation and forest
degradation occurs (refers to IPCC supplement, 2013)
CALCULATION FLOW
METODE PERHITUNGAN
FOREST REFERENCE EMISION LEVEL KALIMANTAN BARAT
Data Dasar
Data tutupan lahan

Data hasil survey ground check inventarisasi hutan yang
tersebar di 8 kabupaten dan Kota (Kapuas Hulu, Ketapang,
Pontianak, Landak, Mempawah, Sambas, Bengkayang dan
Kubu Raya) berjumlah 186 plot yang terbagi dalam 3 type
tutupan lahan yaitu Hutan lahan kering, Hutan rawa
gambut dan hutan Mangrove dengan desain petak sampel Data Tutupan Lahan BAPLAN
yang berbeda
NILAI
FOREST REFERENCE EMISIONH LEVEL
Figure 7. .Flow of calculation FREL West Kalimantan

Above is FREL calculation flow used to measure the rate of deforestation and forest
degradation in West Kalimantan Province. Starting from the basic data obtained from 8
districts. Data from the measurement of sample plots were subsequently overlaid with
maps of land cover in 1990 and 2012 from the directorate general of forestry planner and
environment of Ministry of Forestry and Environment; afterwards further analysis was
conducted to determine the level of emissions.
1990 2012
Figure 8. Sample Plots Map Overlayed with 1990 and 2012 Land Cover of West Kalimantan
1. Data Collection Method

To collect the data on the field, there are four plot models used
a. Fauna & Flora International (FFI-IP)

With the plot designs as follows:
The size of each plot of FFI inventory is based on Indonesias National Standard (SNI):
Sub-plot size DBH (cm) Category Class
Plot:20mx 125m (DBH >30 cm) Pohon A
Plot: 20m x 20m (DBH 15-30 cm) Tiang B
Plot: 10m x 20m (DBH 5-15 cm) Pancang C

Figure 9. Design sample plots FFI-IP
Determination of the number of sample plots used Winrock international analysis.

The use of plots with reference to FFI has been applied in West Kalimantan, and have
good references and accountable. That means, there is no longer estimating in the
determination of the plot. With reference to the FFI, it will be very easier in the calculation
of sub-national FREL West Kalimantan later. Not only FFI alone, sub-national FREL
West Kalimantan also used a plate which is usually used by GIZ FORCLIME. More
details as described below:
b. Giz Forclime
With circles sampling design.
Determination of the number of samples plot design used Winrock international analysis
Sub-plot Size DBH (cm) Category Class

3m x 3 m 2-10 cm Liana A
10 m x 10 m 10-<20 cm Pancang B
20 m x 20 m 20 - <50 cm Pohon kecil C
20 m x 125 m >50 cm Pohon besar D

A=3m
B = 10 m
C = 20 m
D = 30 m
Figure10.. sample plot design of GIZ FORCLIME
c. Regional Environtment Agency (BLHD) West Kalimantan

In the process of data collection, BLHD uses plots in design to dryland forest using
a square plot design. 30 x 30 meter plot as much as 20 plots as shown in Figure 11 below.
1. Plot inventarisasi hutan lahan kering

10 m x 10 m 5-10 cm Pancang A
30 m x 30 m >10 cm Pohon kecil B
Class B
B 30 m
Class A
A=10m
Figure 11. Sample plots Design of BLHD West Kalimantan on dry land forests

2. Mangrove Inventory Plot
In addition to the dryland forest plots, there are also sample plots in Mangrove
forest as much as 10 plots. With the design of the plot as follows.

R = 2,82 m >10 cm Semai A
10 m x 10 m 10 - < 20 cm Pancang B
20 m x 20 m 20 - <35 Pohon kecil C
20 m x 125 m > 35 Pohon besar D
125 m
KELAS C
10 m KELAS D
20 m
KELAS B
KELA
S A
R=2,82 m
Figure 12. Sample plots Design of BLHD for the mangrove forests of West Kalimantan
As for the measurement of field data uses SNI 7724: 2011, which is based on this
SNI, in the data collection in the field, is generally through the phases as follows:
Figure 13. Capturing the coordinates of sample plots

Figure14. Making an inventory plots
Figure15. Measuring the diameter of the tree

Standard measurement of DBH based on SNI 7724:2011 can be seen as attached in
Figure 16 as follows:
Figure16.. DBH measurement standard based on SNI 7724: 2011

Phases of tree biomass measurement were carried out as follows:
a. identifying the name of tree species;
b. Measuring the diameter at breast height (dbh);
c. recording Dbh and names into the tally sheet;
d. Calculating the biomass of trees

Then, the data was inserted into a predetermined form. Sample of tally sheet as
shown in Figure 17 below:
Figure17. Tally sheet of data field recording Figure 18. Herbarium Making Process
Forest types that will be examined in an effort to realize FREL West Kalimantan
are Mangrove Forest, Dryland Forest, and Peat Swamp Forest. Several images of the
location of data collection as seen on Figure 19

Figure 19. Forest types for FREL West Kalimantan calculation
2. Data Analysis Method

After the data collected by the working procedures that have been determined as
described above, the following is to analyze the data. The flow of data analysis used
Allometric Selection Phases (Forda). More details Allometric looks like in Figure 20
below:
Figure 20. Allometric calculation Stages of Forestry Research and Development

Table 9. Dryland Forest Allometric
DBH Jumlah
Source Alometrik R Lokasi
(Cm) sampel
Pan tropical forest,
AGB= including lowland
Brown 5-148 0,97 371
(0.118)*(D)A2.53 dipterocarp forest
asia and latin
america
(AGB)=pxEXP(- Pan Tropical
Chave 2005 0,0667+1,781ln(D)+ 5-156' 0,97 forest, Africa, 4004
0,207(ln(D))A2- America and asia
0,0281(ln(D))A3)
Gusti HLK Kalteng dan

AGB=p*0,18DA2,50 5 0,96 528
Kalbar
Hardiansyah
Kenzo 2009 AGB=0.1525DA2.34 2-44' 0,99 Sarawak, malaysia 30
AGB= 0.11pDA2.62;
7
Kettering p = wood density; Tad HLKS Jambi 29
6-48,1
7.6<D<48.1

Table 10.Peatland Forest Allometric
Jumlah
Source Alometrik DBH (Cm) R Lokasi
Sampel
Manuri et all (0,242*DA2,473*WDA0 2-167 0,97 Kalbar (Kapuas 148

,736) hulu)
AGB = p ^ exp(-1.239 + Amerika, asia
Chave 2005 1.980ln(D)+0.207(ln(D)) 5-156 0,97 and Oceania 418
2 - 0.0281(ln(D))3 tropical forest
Pan tropical
forest, including
AGB=13,2579-4,8945
Brown 5-148 0,97 lowland 69
D +0,6713 (D2) dipterocarp
forest asia and
latin america
Widyasari 2010 Wtotal = 0.153108D2.4 2-30,2 0,98 Sumsel 20
Jaya et all 0,107DA2,486 2-35 0,90 Kalteng Tad

Table 11. Magrove Forest Allometric
Jumlah
Source Jenis Alometrik DBH (Cm) R Lokasi
SSampel
LogBBA=-
Talan (2008) Xylocarpus 5,9-49,4 0,95 Kalbar 30
granatum 0,763+2,23logD
Di analisis Rhizopora LogBBA=-

kembali dari 1,315+2,614log 2,5-67,1 0,96 Kalbar 37
Amira (2008) apiculata D
Krisnawati et all BruguieraLogBBA=-

5-60,9 0,99 Kalbar 33
(2012) gymnorrhiza 0,552+2,244logD
BJ*EXP(1,349+ Pan Tropical
1,980LN(D)+0, forest, Africa,
Chave 2005 5-156 4004
27(Ln(D))A20,0 America and
281(Ln(D))A3) asia

Some references used for calculation of the data FREL West Kalimantan:
Table 12. References related to categories, parameters and values used.
Kategori Parameter Nilai Rujukan
Berat Jenis Berat jenis didapat dari 0,66 ICRAF. (2012). Wood Density Database.
database ICRAF, Retrieved October 22,
unknown wood density 2012,fromhttp://www.worldagroforestry.
used (gr/cm3) org/sea/products/afdbases/wd/index.htm
Cadangan Faktor yang digunakan 0,47 McGroddy, M.E., Daufresne, T. and
Karbon untuk memperoleh Hedin, L.O. (2004). Scaling of C:N:P
Karbon dari biomassa stoichiometry in forests worldwide:
(tC/t dm) Implications of terrestrial Redfield-type
ratios. Ecology 85: 2390-2401.IPCC
Faktor yang digunakan 3,67 Mollecular weight
untuk mendapatkan CO2
dari karbon (tCO2/tC)
Faktor Emisi IPCC Supplement, 2013

Gambut

CHAPTER IV
FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. History of Deforestation in West Kalimantan years 1990 - 2012

West Kalimantan experienced deforestation every year leading to a reduction of
forest reserves in West Kalimantan. Based on the results of the analysis on the land cover
from BAPLAN, vast of natural reserves forests in West Kalimantan from years 1990 -
2012 can be seen as Figure 21 below:
Figure 21. Vast of natural reserves forest in West Kalimantan in 1990 to 2012
Based on the graph above, it shows that natural reserve forests in West Kalimantan
have decreased from 7.6 million hectares in 1990 to 6.1 million hectares. In 2012, for 22
years there is deforestation of 1.5 million hectares (results of data analysis in 2016).
If it is seen by the contribution of natural reserve forests in West Kalimantan in
each district/city, it can be seen as Figure 22 below:

Figure 22. The distribution of natural forests in the districts/cities
in West Kalimantan in 1990 to 2012
The decline in natural reserve forests showed deforestation in West Kalimantan.
Based on analysis, deforestation in West Kalimantan since 1990 to 2012 had an average
of 69 239 ha / year. Figure 23 below shows the rate of deforestation that occurred in each
period of the land cover.
Figure 23. Graph of the rate of deforestation in West Kalimantan in 1990 to 2012
From the graph it can be seen that the highest rate of deforestation occurred in the
period 2011 to 2012 with a rate of 99.700,54 ha / year, while the lowest deforestation rate
in the period 1996 to 2000 with a rate of 33.897,63 ha / year. If it is seen in each district /
city the deforestation rate depicted as Figure 24 below:

Figure 24. Graph of annual deforestation rates in districts/cities in West Kalimantan
Based on the graph above, it shows that in the period 1990 to 1996 Ketapang
District has the highest deforestation rate when compared to other districts. While in 2011
to 2012 deforestation is spread fairly across all districts.
B. History of Forest Degradation in West Kalimantan years 1990 to 2012
After last known the historical data of deforestation, now turn to the historical data
regarding forest degradation in West Kalimantan throughout 1990 to 2012. Slightly
different to the Deforestation, forest degradation highest rate occured in the period 1990-
1996 amounted to 55.159,50 ha per year, followed by the period of 2011 to 2012
amounted to 5.782,00 ha per year. While the lowest degradation rate is between 2009 and
2011 with 26.43 ha per year. For more details can be seen in Figure 25 below:
Figure 25. Graph of forest degradation rates in West Kalimantan in 1990 to 2012

During the period of 1990 to 2012 or 22 (twenty two) years, the average
degradation in West Kalimantan is amounted to 20.771 ha per year. If it is seen by the
distribution per district / city, the rate of degradation can be seen as the following graph:
Figure 26. Graph of forest degradation rates in the districts/cities in West Kalimantan
From Figure 26 above, it shows forest degradation activity in the period of 1990 to
1996, Sintang experienced the highest rate of degradation and is followed by Ketapang
when compared to other districts in West Kalimantan. While in the period of 2011 to 2012
Kapuas Hulu experienced the largest forest degradation of other districts.
C. Emission Factors to Deforestation, forest degradation and peat decomposition

From the calculation of emission factors in West Kalimantan to deforestation and
forest degradation, analysis was conducted on the data of field inventories which were
201 sampling plots of BLHD West Kalimantan Province (39 plots), FFI-IP (120 plots)
and GIZ FORCLIME (42 plots). Of the 201 sample plots, 186 Plots are used in the
analysis after a scrutiny process.
From 7.168 trees data obtained from 186 sampling plots, all its species and DBH
are recorded and the wood density is determined, then the above-ground biomass is
calculated by using allometric in accordance with each land cover through the alometrik
selection phases set by FORDA. The above-ground biomass (AGB) of each individual
tree in sample plots were counted by using an Allometric developed for tropical forests
(Chave et al, 2005), using diameter at breast height (DBH) and wood density (WD) for
each type as a parameter key. Some Allometric models were also tested including some
allometric models like local allometric Gusti Hardiansyah et. al (2011). However, such
local allometric model is only specified to Dipterocarpaceae, not for all types of land cover
so that have been chosen as the model of allometric Chave et al. (2005). This model has
been known to be used as well as local models in the tropical forests of Indonesia
(Ruishauser et al, 2013; Manuri et al, 2014).

By entering some allometric equations that have been developed by several
researchers for each land cover (dry forest, peat swamp forest and mangrove forest), then
trends are obtained as comparison to each allometric.
1. Comparison of some allometric test results on Dryland Forests
80
BIOMASSA DI ATAS TANAH(KG/POHON)
70
60 Chave 2005
(DALAM RIBUAN)
50 Kenzo (2009)
40 Brown (1997)
30 Kettering (2001)
20
10
0
0 50 100 150 200
DIAMETER (CM)
Figure 27. Graph of some allometric test results comparison on Dryland Forests
From Figure 27 Allometric test of dryland forest above shows that Allometric
Chave (2005) are at the lowest level that is the most conservative Allometric, so in the
calculation of the biomass FREL of West Kalimantan uses this Allometric. And this is the
Allometric that is used in the calculation of the National FREL. Equality Chave et.al.
(2005) for dry-land forests: (AGB)= xEXP(-0,0667+1,781ln(D)+ 0,207(ln(D))^2-
0,0281(ln(D))^3)

2. Comparison of some allometric test results on Peat Swamp Forest
90
BIOMASA DI ATAS TANAH (KG/POHON)
80
70
Manuri et all (2014)
(DALAM RIBUAN)
60
50 Chave (2005)
40 Brown (1997)
30 Widyasari (2010)
Jaya et all (2007)
20
10
0
0 50 100 150 200 250
DIAMETER (CM)
Figure 28. Graph of Allometric Test Results comparison for Peat Swamp Forest
Meanwhile for the primary and secondary peatland use alometrik Manuri et. al.
(2014), because the taking of sample plot to make the equation was done in Kapuas Hulu.
Based on Figure 28 Allometric test above shows that although Allometric Manuri et al
2014 are at the top, but because of this Allometric is a local Allometric and based on the
stages of the electoral Allometric FORDA, then in the calculation of FREL West
Kalimantan, especially for peat swamp forest uses Allometric Manuri et al (2014 ).
Allometric Manuri et.al. (2014) for forest swamp:(0,242*D^2,473* WD^0,736)

3. Comparison of some allometric test results on Mangrove Forests
6
BIOMASA DI ATAS TANAH (KG/POHON
4
(DALAM RIBUAN)
Forda (2012)
3
Chave (2005)
2
0
0 20 40 60 80
DIAMETER (CM)
Figure 29. Graph of Allometric Test Results comparison for Mangrove Forests
And for the mangrove forests, it uses alometrik of FORDA for each tree species.
Based on Allometric test in Figure29 above shows that Allometric FORDA are below, so
it is a more conservative Allometric and is also a local Allometric so that the calculation
of FREL WEST Kalimantan Mangrove forest biomass uses a FORDA Allometric
Mangrove. By using the chosen Allometric for each Land Cover, so the AGB value for
each Land Cover both primary and secondary forests can be seen in this Table 13:
Table 13. Values of biomass and carbon on the surface of the land in West Kalimantan
Land Cover AGB (Ton/Ha) AGC (Ton/Ha)
Dryland Forests Primary 289,98 136,29

Dry land forest Secondary 190,55 89,56
Swamp Forest Primary 277,61 130,47
swamp forest Secondary 268,75 126,31
Mangrove forests Primary - -
Mangrove forests secondary 113,79 53,48
Source: Data analysis 2016
In Table 14 it can be seen that there has been no AGB value data for Primary

Mangrove forests. it is because of there are no representative data for Land Cover of
Primary mangrove forests. So for the AGB data of primary magrove forest in West
Kalimantan FREL calculation refer to national AGB data of Primary mangrove forests as
shown in table 15 below
Table 14. Values of biomass and carbon on the surface of the land in indonesia (Kalimantan)
Land Cover AGB (Ton/Ha) AGC (Ton/Ha)
Dryland Forests Primary 269,4 126,618

Dry land forest Secondary 203,3 95,551
Swamp Forest Primary 274,8 129,156
Swamp forest Secondary 170,5 80,135
Mangrove forests Primary 263,9 124,033
Mangrove forests secondary 201,7 94,799
Source: National FREL Document 2015
Meanwhile for Emission Factor decomposition of peat as already mentioned in

Chapter III refers to the IPCC supplement 2013
D. History of Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation

Related to FREL, the measurement focus is the emissions by the forest reserves and
peat land in West Kalimantan. Emissions also has a historical record. From the historical
record, emissions can be analyzed carefully and precisely to determine the strategy for
achieving FREL. Each forest and peatland certainly emit. If there is a disruption of
deforestation and forest degradation, it will emit greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). If
greenhouse gas emissions are not controlled, or left alone without any attempt to restrain
the rate, certainly will lead to erratic climate changes. It is very worried, not only in West
Kalimantan, but also by all countries in the world. By inputing a value of emission factors
that have been obtained and the rate of deforestation, forest degradation and peat
decomposition for each period of Land Cover, the history of emissions from deforestation
and forest degradation in West Kalimantan can be seen as the graph below:

Figure 30. Graph of history of emissions from deforestation and forest degradation
in West Kalimantan
History of emissions from deforestation and forest degradation from years 1990 -
2012 in the province of West Kalimantan has an average of 34,2 MtCO2e/yr
(0,034GtCO2e/yr). Additional emission.
After knowing the history of deforestation, degradation, and natural forest reserves
and wetlands, West Kalimantan Province has set FREL projections for the next few years.
FREL projections to 2020 are presented in Table 16 below:
Table 15. FREL sub-national projections of West Kalimantan (2013 to 2020)
Total
Forest Peat
Deforestation Emission per
Year Degradation Decomposition
(tCO2e/th) Year
(tCO2e/th) (tCO2e/th)
(tCO2e/th)
2013 28.650.228 5.509.357 17.326.735 51.486.319
2014 28.650.228 5.509.357 18.583.064 52.742.649
2015 28.650.228 5.509.357 19.930.487 54.090.072
2016 28.650.228 5.509.357 21.375.610 55.535.194
2017 28.650.228 5.509.357 22.925.515 57.085.100
2018 8.650.228 5.509.357 24.587.802 58.747.386
2019 28.650.228 5.509.357 26.370.617 60.530.202

2020 28.650.228 5.509.357 28.282.701 62.442.286
Source: data analysis result 2016
While the sub-national FREL West Kalimantan projections until the Year of 2030
can be seen in the table below:
Table 16. FREL sub-national projections of West Kalimantan (2021 to 2030)
Total
Forest Peat
Deforestation Emissions per
Year Degradation Decomposition
(tCO2e/th) Year
(tCO2e/th) (tCO2e/th)
(tCO2e/th)
2021 28.650.228 5.509.357 30.333.427 64.493.011

2022 28.650.228 5.509.357 32.532.847 66.692.432
2023 28.650.228 5.509.357 34.891.743 69.051.328
2024 28.650.228 5.509.357 37.421.678 71.581.263
2025 28.650.228 5.509.357 40.135.054 74.294.639
2026 28.650.228 5.509.357 43.045.172 77.204.756
2027 28.650.228 5.509.357 46.166.297 80.325.881
2028 28.650.228 5.509.357 49.513.729 83.673.313
2029 28.650.228 5.509.357 53.103.877 87.263.461
2030 28.650.228 5.509.357 56.954.339 91.113.924
From Table 17 above shows that Deforestation activity is projected until 2030 used
the average of 28,650,228 tCO2e (tonnes / Year). For Forest Degradation used average of
5,509,357 tCO2e (tonnes / Year). Meanwhile the emissions from Peat Decomposition is
projected by using regression analysis as shown in Figure 31 below:

35.000
Dekomposisi Gambut tCO2e
30.000 y = 3.463.403,47e0,07x
R = 0,84
25.000
(DALAM RIBUAN)
20.000
15.000 HISTORY
10.000 Expon. (HISTORY)
5.000
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Periode Tahun 1990 s.d 2012

Figure 31. Graph of regression analysis of peat decomposition
If the emission projections from Deforestation, Forest Degradation and Peat
Decomposition are combined, the projection of total emissions is shown in Figure 32
below:
100.000
90.000
80.000
70.000
DALAM RIBUAN
60.000
50.000
40.000
30.000
20.000
10.000
0
2026-2027
2012-2013
2013-2014
2014-2015
2015-2016
2016-2017
2017-2018
2018-2019
2019-2020
2020-2021
2021-2022
2022-2023
2023-2024
2024-2025
2025-2026
2027-2028
2028-2029
2029-2030
DEFORESTASI DEGRADASI DEKOMPOSISI GAMBUT
Source: Data analysis result 2016

Figure 32. Graph of FREL West Kalimantan projections in 2013 to 2030

Based on the analysis of the FREL calculation and its projection on 2020, the contribution
of emissions from the West Kalimantan forests on the National FREL globally is 12.98%.
When viewed in more detail of each activity, West Kalimantan FREL contribution
towards national FREL from Deforestation is of 9.75%, Forest Degradation of 6.03% and
Peat Decomposition of 18.68%.

CHAPTER V
DEVELOPMENT POLICY AND PLANNING OF
WEST KALIMANTAN RELATED TO FREL
FREL Calculation of West Kalimantan is conducted in order to support emission

reduction efforts for sustainable environmental development in the context of mitigation
and adaptation to climate change impacts.
Based on MoF Decree No. 733 / Menhut-II / 2014 dated 2 September 2014, on
Forest Areas and Water Conservation in West Kalimantan stated that Forest Area and
Water Conservation of West Kalimantan Province cover an area of 8.389.600 hectares,
are broken down by function with an area as follows:
a. Natural Reserve Area (KSA) and Conservation Areas (KPA), of 1.621.046 (one
million six hundred and twenty-one thousand and forty six) hectares, consists of:
1. Mainland, of 1.430.101 (one million four hundred and thirty thousand one hundred
and one) hectare;
2. Water, of 190.945 (one hundred ninety thousand nine hundred and forty-five)
hectares;
b. Protected Forest Areas (HL), of 2.310.874 (two million three hundred ten thousand
eight hundred and seventy-four) hectares;
c. Production Forest (HPT), of 2.132.398 (two million one hundred thirty-two thousand
three hundred and ninety eight) hectares;
d. Production Forest (HP), of 2.127.365 (two million one hundred and twenty-seven
thousand three hundred and sixty five) hectares.
In spatial planning policies, West Kalimantan Province is committed to synergize
the development of the region with environmental preservation. One of spatial planning
policies for cultivation areas are including: the development of an integrated cultivation
area corresponding with carrying capacity and environmental capacity and the
development of the area based on disaster mitigation, local knowledge, and adaptation to
climate change impacts.
Consolidation embodiment strategies of protected functioning area for
environmental sustainability include:
a. Preventing land-use change of protected area by agriculture activities;
b. Restoring and improving the function of protected area which has decreased due to the
development of agriculture activities;
c. Developing buffer zones around the protected areas to preserve the protected areas
from the clearing of agriculture activities to stabilizing the region;
d. Establishing provincial strategic areas based on the importance of environmental
carrying capacity to ensure environmental sustainability;
e. Maintaining and preserving conservation areas in coastal, marine and small islands;
f. Utilizing production forests selectively and sustainably;
g. Restricting agriculture activities around the protected areas which can disrupt the
function of protection; and
h. Enhancing the role of the community in the protection and preservation of protected
areas to accommodate local knowledge and the development of social forestry.
Area development strategy based on disaster mitigation, local knowledge,
adaptation to climate change impacts, as well as prevention and resolution of utilization
include:
a. Restricting the development of cultivation area built in areas that is prone to natural
disasters;
b. Developing the cultivation area which has the ability to adapt to climate change;
c. Developing open spaces and evacuation trails in areas that have a high risk of natural
disasters;
d. Conserving the protected areas in order to reduce the risk of natural disasters;
e. Developing social forestry based on local knowledge; and
f. Optimizing community participation in the process of spatial planning, space utilization,
and space utilization control.
In the Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMD) of West Kalimantan province
Years 2013-2018 for the forestry sector, there are several strategic issues, namely:
1) Unsteady forest area;
2) utilization of production forests and protected areas have not been optimal yet;
3) There are threat to forests, forest areas and forest products caused by human factors
and natural resources;
4) Restructuring and revitalization of primary timber industry have not been realized;
5) Reception of Revenue Sharing Funds (DBH) of forestry sector to the timber and non-
timber have not been optimal yet;
6) The presence of degraded lands within the forest that need to be addressed;
7) Lack of involvement of local communities in the utilization of forest resources;
8) The Management of forest, forest areas and forest products have not been optimal yet.
To overcome those various strategic issues, the development strategy of forestry
affairs is aimed at improving the functions and benefits of forest resources optimally and
sustainably that includes aspects of production, ecological and social by providing a wide
role to the local community, as well as controlling the forest security disruption and
damage to forest areas. Activities perfomed are to establish the existence of forest areas,
to optimize the use of natural and plantation forests, to rehabilitate forests and critical
areas, to empower communities in and around the forest, to increase the production of
timber and non-timber products, to develop the primary timber industry, to optimize
revenue-sharing fund of forestry sector, to optimize the management of protected and
conservation forests, to increase the security and control on forest damage, as well as land
and forest fire countermeasures.
Whilst for Environmental Affairs, the main strategic issues: There are still
environmental degradation and deforestation. The problems on deforestation and forest
degradation are being sought for the solution, one of them by preparing SRAP REDD+
documents of West Kalimantan. According to SRAP REDD+ documents of West
Kalimantan, there are four basic strategies and action plans for REDD+, namely:
Prerequisites Compliance of SRAP, Strengthening the Enabling Conditions of SRAP,
Low Carbon Investment of SRAP, and Measurement, Reporting and Verification of
SRAP. Preparation of FREL documents is included in the prerequisites compliance of
SRAP strategy which is to set reference emission levels in West Kalimantan.
Additionally, in conjunction with the calculation of this FREL, Low Carbon
Investment Strategy becomes important related to policies to be implemented to reduce
emissions up until 2020 and 2030. Low Forest Carbon Investment Strategy aims to
develop an emissions reduction model and to increase carbon stocks on some kinds of
forest, non-forest land and peat land management in West Kalimantan, in accordance with
the scale of available resources. The purpose is to create a foothold for a more substantial
reduction of emissions with further investment. The exciting learning is that Indonesia is
apparently unable to meet its proportion of emission reduction targets significantly by
expanding the area of tree planting within the frame of reforestation and rehabilitation of
land in or outside the forest area. The magnitude of required effort and problems
encountered in achieving current target, a simpler planting target, does not give good
hopes for the future. Tree planting is a core part of the strategy to reduce carbon emissions.
LULUCF to reduce emissions in West Kalimantan can be utilized more optimal to
achieve greater emissions reductions and low-cost. Some opportunities of low carbon
investment offer potential synergies between sustainable development, poverty reduction
and climate change mitigation, and should be prioritized in the REDD + program in West
Kalimantan.
Low-carbon investment from the LULUCF sector in West Kalimantan offers
several opportunities to achieve significant emissions reductions through other
mechanisms. The amount is indicated by the large contribution of emissions reductions
that can be achieved by eliminating the presence of emission sources: a) stopping the peat
fire, b) stopping the peatlands' draining and, c) stopping deforestation and emissions from
forest and land use change.
At the site level, low-carbon investment will give emphasis on the main sector that
are forestry sector (production forest, forest conservation and protection forest) and
peatlands as well as supporting sectors (plantation, agriculture, and mining). Emissions
reduction program through reducing deforestation and forest degradation is carried out
through interventions on land use in forested areas and peat lands.
Emissions reduction program will be implemented through improving the
management of production forest, industrial plantation forest and peatland. While carbon
stock enhancement program will be implemented through forest conservation, ecosystem
restoration, and rehabilitation of degraded forest lands and peat lands. Low Carbon
Investment Strategy will include the indicative programs and activities as follows:
A. Improvement Program on Production Forest Management
West Kalimantan will build partnerships with the holders of IUPHHK-Natural and

IUPHHK- Industrial Forest leading to low-emission wood management practices, and to
provide support both from legal and technical aspects. Natural forest management will be
targeted to meet the government's requirements for certification of sustainable forest
management (SVLK) and is expected to obtain certification from the Forest Stewardship
Council (FSC) which is done on their own initiative.
Establishing and functioning the Forest Management Unit (FMU) Production
Forest Model to improve and clarify the roles and responsibilities of local government,
private sector, and communities in forest management at the site level to be able to control
deforestation and forest degradation.
Opportunities and possible resources, forest areas and peatlands that have high
conservation value will be encouraged to be managed sustainably. Not for the purpose of
timber production and industrial forest plantation but to become the area with the function
of ecosystem restoration and the protection function of other environmental services.
Industrial Plantation Forest development activities will be directed to optimize the
forest areas that have been severely degraded, especially in the open areas and shrubs as
well as planned to protect areas with high conservation value. The subjects of industrial
plantation forest are driven to carried out environmentally and socially friendly plantation
forest development among other things through land clearing without burning, land
preparation that can reduce the risk of erosion and soil compaction, and settlement
resolution of land disputes with local communities.
To support the implementation of these programs, the following activities are
needed:
1. Identifying and obtaining the commitment of concessionaires who will be involved in
vision "Going Green West Kalimantan for Indonesia and Welfare Society".
2. Identifying and encouraging the development of the activities of the utilization of
absorption and/or the storage of carbon on production forest;
3. Providing technical support for the efforts on SVLK and FSC certification;
4. Mobilising policy support from the central government on the practices of reduce
impact logging (RIL) in a production forest management;
5. Mobilizing the support and securing the commitment of concessionaires and the
commitments of governance changes in the level of production partners for the
implementation of RIL practices in production forest governance;
6. Assisting the acquisition of better access to financing for concessionaires who are
committed to improve their governance;
7. Reviewing and initiating opportunities for area development with the function of
ecosystem restoration or other protection functions.

B. Improvement Program on Land Use and Oil Palm Plantations
Green West Kalimantan will help to map the most suitable locations for oil palm
plantation development and industrial plantation forest. Then it will be integrated into
land-use planning decisions. Green West Kalimantan will encourage the establishment of
agreement on the relocation of oil palm and industrial plantation forest from the forested
land to degraded areas on the area of other land use non-forest. This program will be
developed to improve the efficiency of the production of oil palm and Industrial plantation
forest, to reduce negative impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services, and to increase
the benefits for the society. Green West Kalimantan will also encourage the government,
private sector, and community to build awareness and to support the development of
sustainable oil palm plantation and industrial plantation forests. To support the
implementation of these programs, the following main activities are needed:
1. Working with the HGU license holder, IUPHHK- Industrial Plantation Forest and local
government to examine the possibility of reclassification and changes of the
development of oil palm plantations and industrial forest (land swap) to degraded land,
especially for areas which licenses have not been approved or no production yet;
avoiding conversion of forests and peatlands into oil palm and industrial plantation
forest;
2. Providing technical support and capacity building for the land managers in order to
fulfill the criteria of ISPO (Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil) and RSPO (Roundtable
Sustainable Palm Oil);
3. Developing partnerships between plantation company with various parties to minimize
the ecological impact of production systems;
4. Developing a forum or discussion of issues related to palm oil and industrial plantation
forest at the provincial level.
C. Improvement and Reinforcement Program on Forest Management
Illegal logging and forest clearing for the expansion of commercial commodity
cultivation are the major threat to the protected forest, restoration forest and national park
forest area. Green West Kalimantan will promote the development of integrated forest
conservation plans for all protected forest areas, which aims to increase carbon stocks,
conservation of biodiversity, as well as the provision of environmental services.
Conservation of forest areas includes protection efforts for the region with a special
ecosystems such as peat forest ecosystem, karst forests and mangrove forests which have
high conservation value of social, cultural, and environmental.
Green West Kalimantan will encourage the improvement of regulations and
policies at the district, provincial and national levels for the conservation of protected
forests, village forests, National Parks forest, Ecosystem Restoration Forest and peatlands.
Green West Kalimantan will also develop strategies and concrete steps to guarantee a
sustainable financing for conservation of protected forest, village forest, national parks
forest, ecosystem restoration forests and peatland. To support the implementation of these
programs, the following main activities are needed:
1. The formulation and development of policy, legal, and institutional frameworks of
protected forest management;
2. Activities development of the utilization of absorption and/or carbon storage in
protected forests;
3. Studying of protected forests and peat swamp forests, especially in areas with high
levels of biodiversity, carbon storage and high-value of hydrology, as well as
identifying areas which experienced big threat;
4. Mapping patterns of intervention, partners, management responsibilities, incentive
structures, legal mechanisms, sources of funding and implementation schedule for
the preparation of plans and strategies for integrated protected forest conservation;
5. Mapping the programs that can be done to reduce emissions and increase carbon
stocks in the protected forest;
6. Developing management model of protected forest, conservation forest in KPHP,
KPHL, KPHK, and RE models in West Kalimantan;
7. Optimizing conservation efforts, especially on protected areas and protected forest
areas that have peat swamp, mangrove and karst ecosystems therein
8. Preparation of strategies and concrete steps in efforts to guarantee sustainable
funding for conservation of protected forests, national parks and ecosystem
restoration forest ;
9. Determination of zoning management of National Parks, Protected Forest and
Restoration ecosystem Forest that have been used as cultivated area and settlement;
10. Strengthening the control and supervision of the National Park forest, protected
forest and ecosystem restoration forest by developing resort-based management;
11. Repairing deforested and degraded lands in the National Park, protected forest,
Ecosystem Restoration Forest and peat swamp forests;
12. Improving conservation of forest and peat by making channels;
13. Socialization of the protected animals to avoid conflicts with forest-surrounding
community;
14. Integration of local development plans with the preservation of National Parks,
Protected Forest and Ecosystem Restoration Forest
15. Optimization of forest fire detection system and early warning of forest fires;
16. Empowerment of local communities surround the forest and peat on the fire hazard;
17. The law supremacy against the executors of illegal logging, trade of protected
animals;
18. Replanting of degraded mineral soil forest in the most critical watershed;
19. Encourage the application of the padiatapa model/ Free Prior Informed Consent
(FPIC) as a certainty of partnership pattern and access to fair and equitable benefit
in the implementation of REDD+.

D. Forest and Peatland Fire Prevention Program
Peat fires are a major source of emissions in Indonesia, especially during El Nino
years. Wildfires are largely sourced from anthropogenic human activity and can be
reduced by cracking down the resolution local land conflict and improving the regional
ability for better fire management. Stopping this fire will reduce national emissions by
23% to 45%. Increasing this investment and accelerate the improvement of local
capabilities can realize the reduction of emissions. Stop draining peatlands also will have
an impact on reducing peat fires. When the peat surface becomes dry, shrinks and
becomes dense and highly flammable, it is difficult to extinguish the fire.
Forest fire prevention have the greatest potential to reduce emissions. Emission
reduction can be achieved by reducing emissions from the burning of forests by
prohibiting the burning as a tool for land preparation, providing the right and practical
technology (and it is also possible for financial incentives) for manual land clearing,
developing early warning systems appropriately based on the status of the fire risk and
field-based fire detection, strengthening fire brigades, ensuring strong implementation
and large fines for rule violations, and building public awareness on the consequences of
economic and social aspects of forest fires in the province. The following activities to
prevent forest fires and peat:
1. Optimization of forest and peatland fire detection system. Then, the optimization of
early warning system for fires by involving the community;
2. Increasing ability and awareness of local communities, particularly in the peatlands on
the early prevention of forest fires;
3. Improving capacity handling of forest fires in the mineral soil and peatland;
4. Determination and law enforcement of local regulations on the prohibition on burning
of forest and land to the community, plantation companies, and mining companies.
E. Effectiveness Improvement Program of Sustainable Agriculture
Reduction of emissions caused by deforestation can be achieved through two
different approaches. The first approach is REDD+ approach. This approach targets the
landowners and pay them not to start economic activities, such as conversion of forests
into oil palm plantations, coffee plantations, rubber plantations and other agricultural
crops. This approach requires a relatively high cost.
The second approach to reducing emissions from deforestation through land
allocation which is more efficient and sustainable. As an example by using land that has
been damaged and is not forest land for new agricultural land and to restrict or stop the
expansion of agriculture into peatlands deeper. This approach will also emphasize on
increasing agricultural productivity on existing lands through the training of farmers about
agricultural intensification techniques and diversifying the choice of plants. While these
activities also require a fee, but it is assumed to be much lower than paying the landowners
their income that they did not receive. Another advantage is that these activities will help

to maintain or improve economic development in West Kalimantan.
Ensuring the allocation of land is a challenge. Issues on cross-jurisdictional of land
ownership and spatial planning. Increasing collaboration between the national
government, provincial, and district/city will be important to improve spatial planning and
must be supported by detailed technical analysis. This information then needs to be
consolidated into a fixing system of land tenure to register deeds and map areas, with the
support of a strong community involvement. Similar to the case of fire prevention, the
maximum technical abatement potential to reduce emissions caused by deforestation
through effective land use and allocation of land is higher than the estimate of used
potential.
The main activities:
1. Improving intergovernmental collaboration to improve spatial planning;
2. Technical analysis on the allocation of land suitability and assessing the economic
benefits potential of the use of different types of land for different activities;
3. Establishing a system for determining land ownership to register deeds and map areas,
with the support of a strong community involvement;
4. Training for farmers on the techniques of agricultural intensification and diversification
of crops.
F. Degraded Peatland Rehabilitation Program
Reducing peatland emissions through reforestation and rehabilitation of
hydrological functions of damaged peatlands should be done. The key supporters will
establish guidelines for the processes of rewetting of peat swamps. This is in an effort of
canal blocking, sponsoring local research on the benefits and costs of peat alternatives
rehabilitation processes. With the potential to create local privilege centers, and
coordinating with national governments to ensure that the emission of peat is included
into the international climate change negotiations. Prevention and effective fire
management and efforts to encourage reforestation processes should complement these
actions so that these efforts can be sustained in the long term.
The main activities:
1. Research on the benefits and costs of rehabilitation of peatlands;
2. Determining guidelines for reweting peat and peat swamp forest conservation;
3. Implementation of peat reweting and conservation at the site of peat swamp forest land
with canal blocking;
4. Encouraging the involvement of the Provincial Government in the climate change
negotiations, so peatland carbon emissions can be included.
G. Improvement program on land use and mining management
Mining sites are generally located at focused location with relatively small
exploitation area. But the mining exploration area could double from the area of
exploitation. By using better technology and exploration and exploitation planning, the
negative impact of mining can be reduced as low as possible and the mining sector can be
done with low emissions.
To support the implementation of this program, the following main activities are
needed:
1. Establishment of regional regulations on "Mining Prohibited Zone" by avoiding the
mining exploration and exploitation activities in high conservation value areas for
biodiversity, carbon storage and livelihoods
2. Increasing reclamation on post-mining forest through field verification in the post-
mining area and strict and consistent law enforcement against any offender who
violates the provisions of reclamation of post-mining areas;
3. Completion of the regulation related to granting mining license in peat forest land over
3 meters, protection of peatlands in the mining concessions and the obligation of
reclamation and post-mining .
In order to awareness for emission reduction through REDD+ program, since 2008 West
Kalimantan Province has been a member of GCF (Climate and Forest Governors) Task
Force. The emissions reduction commitment has been signed by the GCF members
through the Declaration of Rio de Branco in 2014. Together with other members of the
GCF members are committed to reduce emissions through the following strategies:
1) Strengthening Forest Management Unit, Controlling the Use of Space and License
management;
2) Building a partnership with the Private Sector to ensure the supply chain of
commodities are produced in a sustainable and environmentally friendly;
3) Ensuring inclusive low emissions development with the active involvement of
indigenous peoples and small farmers.
To realize these low-carbon investment strategy, then West Kalimantan also has to
develop the funding of a variety of funding schemes. Funding scheme selection will
depend on the period of activity and readiness of funding structures in West Kalimantan
itself. There are three funding schemes offered, namely the short term, medium term and
long term financing scheme. Each scheme has been designed in accordance with the
functions and benefits.
Here are several funding schemes that can be taken to low-emission investment in West
Kalimantan:
1. Short-Term Scheme
This short-term scheme selection is through establishing or using an independent
organization that is separate from the structure of the provincial government. Supervision
is done by the provincial government through its representatives whom were seated as
steering council. The provincial government representatives report directly to the
Governor of West Kalimantan. Other members of the steering council are composed of
representatives of donor agencies or Funder Foundation (domestic and foreign), the
private sector involved in supporting the funding or investing, and some respected figures.
Technical committee could also be formed consisting of experts and practitioners who
have the skill, ability and experience in various related fields. Organizations that
implement the interventions and are directly assisted in funding can be registered and
classified as a member of the organizing committee.
Figure 33. Short-term schemes for funding structure

2. Medium Term Scheme
This mechanism utilize our locally-owned authorized enterprises (eg Kalbar Bank
or other enterprises) as fund manager of the funds received. Supervision is done by the
board of directors of the enterprises assisted by a steering council whose members
represent provincial governments, donors, foundation funders, private parties who
provide funding, and respected figures. The provincial government representatives report
directly to the Governor of West Kalimantan. Technical committee could also be formed
consisting of experts and practitioners who have the skill, ability and experience in various
related fields and provide recommendations to the Board of Enterprises. Organizations
that implement the interventions and are directly assisted in funding can be registered and
classified as a member of the organizing committee.
Figure 34. Medium-term scheme for funding structure

3. Long Term Scheme
This mechanism selection is by establishing an official body incorporated in the

structure of the provincial government as a fund manager of the funds received to support
sustainable development in West Kalimantan. Direct supervision is done by the governor
and also assisted by local budget. The governor will be assisted by a steering council
whose members represent provincial governments, donors, foundation funders, private
parties who provide funding, and respected figures. Technical committee could also be
formed consisting of experts and practitioners who have the skill, ability and experience
in various related fields and provide recommendations to the Board of Enterprises.
Organizations that implement the interventions and are directly assisted in funding can be
registered and classified as a member of the organizing committee.
Figure 35. Long term scheme for funding structure

CHAPTER VI
IMPROVEMENT OPPORTUNITIES
FREL is built based on the availibility of data and latest information corresponding
to the circumstance, sub-national capacity and capability in West Kalimantan.
Limitations of data analysis especially in the context of availability, clarity, accuracy,
completeness and comprehensiveness. Further improvements can be made for this
estimation (e.g more detail in the estimation of deforestation and forest degradation) such
as incorporating other REDD+ activities (forest carbon conservation, sustainable forest
management, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks) when the data and methods are
more available and better, recording of the estimated supports and appropriate as
mentioned in decision 1 / CP. 16 paragraph 71.
Towards further improvements in the future, there have been initiatives including
the improvement of activity data, improvement of Emission Factor Forest (carbon stocks),
and improvement of Emissions factor of peat and mangrove ecosystem, where the results
have not been fully used in constructing this sub-national FREL of West Kalimantan. For
another approach in improvement, Indonesian National Carbon Accounting System
(INCAS) was conceived to build a special platform for GHG calculation system in
Indonesia. The system builds Tier 3 and uses a systematic approach to quantify GHG
emissions and removals. This initiative is proposed to encompass the estimation of GHG
emissions from five coverages of REDD + activities. However, the system needs further
testing on suitability and deeper study with the monitoring system that have been available
in Indonesia.
A. Improvement of Activities Data

The improvement of activity data in the future will focus on reducing the
uncertainty of emission estimation related to deforestation, forest degradation and peat
decomposition. Th effort on incresing activity data consist of two main aspects related to
the utilization of updated technology and repairment methods.
Utilization of high technology in remote sensing will be analyzed to improve the
monitoring of deforestation and forest degradation. By using the latest land cover data
derived from historical Landsat imagery (TM, ETM, OLI), makes it possible to determine
with high accuracy deforestation, but it is still an issue to monitor the variety of forest
degradation level with the same degree of uncertainty.
To help resolving the inconsistent results from different use of data and maps, the
central government has implemented One Map Policy as mandated in the legislation of
geospatial information for Geospatial Information Agency (BIG) (Ina-Geoportal, 2015).
Through the One Map policy, national standards for mapping land cover / land use has
been created. Currently, BIG is in cooperation with revelant ministries / agencies to create
a standard map for national land cover.
In terms of utilization of the potential of high resolution imagery data such as image
Sattelite Pour de Observation de la Terre (SPOT), to fill the shortage, the central
government will analyize further in cooperation with the National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN) under the one-door policy to the provisions of high resolution
sattelite imagery. Furthermore, the use of Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR)
technology will be considered to validate the value of biomass in the area that can not be
easily reached. Thus, the accuracy of estimation of degraded fores biomass can be
increased and the rate of degradation can be calculated.
In the methodology aspect, generating cloud-free images annually becomes more
possible by using pixel selection methodologies (as in Potapov et al., 2012, Hansen et al.,
2012). Referring to these results, it is possible to conduct annual land cover mapping for
the next monitoring period.
The initial stage of digital classification method has been used to produce a map of
forest (trees) and non forest (non-tree) by LAPAN (LAPAN, 2014). Expected for future
development will use a blended approach via digital and manual classification and will
be used to make anual land cover map of Indonesia (e.g. Tanuwijaya et al., 2014). As an
option, the object-oriented classification method is worth to be explored. The method has
been tried by ICRAF ALLREDDI Project (Ekadinata et al., 2011) and GIZ FORCLIME
(Navratil et al., 2013) for land cover mapping with detailed classification.
Learning form the process of drafting FREL document that has been done, then the
sub-national level should also propose the improvement on the maps that have been
produced by Central Government through the Directorate General of Forestry Planning
and Environmental Management of Ministry of Environment and Forestry. Based on the
evaluation of the land cover map derived from BAPLAN, there are some differences
between land cover map with the real cover conditions in the field. The correction will
help to reduce the uncertainty of the process of estimating emissions from deforestation
and forest degradation.
B. Emission Factor Improvement (Forest Carbon Stock)
Current Forest Emission Factors (carbon stocks) for the changes in land cover are
obtained from 186 permanent sample plots (PSP) in West Kalimantan. From 6 classes of
forest being analyzed, only the primary mangrove forests that are not represented in the
PSP. In addition, the PSP for estimating forest emission factors in each land cover should
be increased to reduce the standard error. Therefore, improvement that need to be done in
the futute is to add new permanent sample plots, not only in the primary mangrove forests
but also in every class of forest cover. Similar to peatlands, mangrove forests are an
important carbon storage, mainly because the soil is rich of organic content. Additional
PSP becomes significant for forest classes representation. In addition, further coordination
related to the making of integrated PSP between national and sub-national level,
especially in West Kalimantan has become an important part in the future to enable the
synergy of estimating carbon stocks at every level of policy.
In the future, it is possible to do carbon stocks estimation apart of AGB, eg below
ground biomass, litter, etc. This can be done considering several forest carbon inventory
methods have been developed to include all sources of carbon in a convincing and
practical methods (ISO 2011; Kaufman and Donato, 2010; Ravindranath and Oswald,
2008; Pearson et al., 2005)

Completion of forest inventories can be done through the validation of existing PSP
and ensuring the accuracy of the calculation in the future. Capacity improvement is
important to support this improvement plan, in accordance with the expertise needed and
trained field workers. Utilization of the latest information technology to connect the
measurements in the field and the server can be used to support the management of
database support, data processing and latest data retrieval. Then, the mistakes can be
determined more quickly, and make it easier for improvement or inspection in the field.
Moreover, data processing and reporting can be done in a transparent manner.
C. Emission Factor Correction Peat
For the calculation of emissions from peatlands later in Kalimantan Barat,
emissions factor can be updated by using the research findings and used in any suitable
land cover classes. Monitoring annual peatland emissions through the development of a
permanent research station is needed to increase data availbility and validity. A powerful
method should be applied based on the characteristic of peatland in Kalimantan Barat
through the development of research activities related to peat issue.
In parallel, ongoing monitoring of groundwater level throughout the season in a
representative sample plots for each level of relevant land cover has to be done in the
future to build a repaired model of GHG emissions peatland. Scientifically credible
estimation of peatland Emission factor requires large amounts of sample.
Characteristics such as the type of peatland vegetation, peat depth, groundwater
levels and soil organic carbon content is highly different for each location that produce
large variations in carbon stocks and emissions of CO2. To minimize uncertainty and
geospatial errors as a result of the high level of variation, it is required to perform
estimation of emission factors based on the detailed land cover and forest stratification in
some types of peatland conditions.
D. Estimation of Emissions due Peatland Fires
In terms of estimating emissions from peat fires, the research is still very limited in
West Kalimantan. At the global level, NASA and the university of Maryland develop an
algorithm to generate a burnt map from moderate resolution imaging spectro radiometer
(MODIS), (Li et al., 2004). However the results are not yet validated for Indonesia. Some
research has been done in other province such as East Kalimantan, Siegert and Hoffman
(1999) undertook a burnt mapping after a fire 1997 /1998, by comparing the image of the
Shyntectic Aperture Radar (SAR) before and after the fire, a variety of studies using
optical imagery for mapping of burnt locations, namely Landsat (Phua et, al., 2007) and
SAR imagery (Siegert and Ruecker, 2000). Other research project that are also conducted
and tested is in Central Kalimantan (MNRI, 2003). The study used the data of hotspots
for estimation of the burnt area by filtering annual fire hotspots using a 1 x 1 km grid.
This method is easy to use, but the uncertainty is unknown..
Due to the high uncertainty of the relationship between the hotspots and the burnt
locations, peat fire emissions calculation is not included in this document. It is also in line
with the central government of its National FREL document.

The opportunity to improve this approach is mainly to provide a comprehensive
annual data of burnt map. LAPAN already has the infrastructure and multi-sensor image
data that is required for this purpose, so the improvement can be carried out gradually.
For emissions factors, more detailed research is needed to filter the emissions from
emission factors of peat fires.
In addition to the identification of burnt area, it is also important to estimate
accurately the depth of the burnt peat to calculate emissions from peat fires. LIDAR has
been used to calculate the depth of the burnt peat with high accuracy (Ballhorn, et al.,
2009). However, to use it in a large scale is a challenge and high costs. LIDAR density
reduction can be a solution for larger landscapes. Improvement should also be made to
the mapping of peat. These efforts include validating the limits of peat and updating the
peat attributes, such as category and depth of peat.
E. Inclusion of other REDD+ activities
West Kalimantan FREL document only includes two activities: deforestation and
forest degradation, while other REDD+ activities have not been included, such as
conservation, sustainable forest management and enhancement of forest carbon stocks.
The decision of inserting three other REDD+ activities needs to be considered relating to
the implication of data requirement and the selection of methodology. Actually, the
Central Gonvernment has planned the development of infrastructure relating to REDD+
activities in all region in Indonesia, including West Kalimantan.
Figure 36 below shows the development of REDD+ infrastructure in Indonesia
including the database development, stakeholders meeting includes policy makers that
can extent other REDD+ activities for the next submission, and the role of conservation,
sustainable forest management and enhancement forest carbon stocks as well as reducing
emissions from peat fires. The existing REDD+ demonstration activities provides learning
for improvement.
Figure 36. Distribution of DA REDD+

CHAPTER VII
CONCLUSION
This document of FREL West Kalimantan does not suggest anything if it is not
used as reference in implementing forest and management policies. FREL is considered
important to put the policy to retsrain the rate of deforestation, forest and peatland
degradation.
FREL is a reference for policy makers to produce solutions in maintaining yet
increasing carbon stocks. The central gonvernment and international community should
rapidly respond to the condition of increasing deforestation and forest degradation. West
kalimantan can not solve this main problems alone. This attempt needs support from
international community to be actively involved to solve the world issues related to
climate change.
In the effort of reducing emissions level from forestry sector, the cooperation of all
concerned parties, namely companies, NGOs, donor agencies, and community groups
who concern for enviromental conservation is needed. In west Kalimantan, many NGOs
have been implemented concrete actions to reduce GHG emissions. Those activities
should be integrated to the government policy asscociated to low-carbon investment for
mitigation and adaptation to the climate change.

REFERENCE
Alberts, Canada, Natural Resources CanadaGOFC-GOCD, 2010, A Sourcebook of

Methods and Procedures for monitoring and reporting anthropogenic greenhouse
gas emissions and removals caused by deforestation, gains and losses of carbon
stock, inforest remaining forests, and forestation.
Andersen, H.-E., Reutebuch, S.E., McGaughey, R.J., dOliveira, M.V. and Keller, M.
2014. Monitoring selective logging in western Amazonia with repeat lidar flights.
Remote Sensing of Environment, 151, 157-165.
Asner, G.P., Keller, M., Pereira, R. and Zweede, J.C. 2002. Remote sensing of selective
logging in Amazonia: Assessing limitations based on detailed field observations,
Landsat ETM+, and textural analysis. Remote Sensing of Environment, 80 (3), 483-
496.
Bertault, J.-G. and Sist, P.1997. An experimental comparison of different harvesting

intensities with reduced-impact and conventional logging in East Kalimantan,
Indonesia. Forest Ecology and Management, 94 (1), 209-218.
Brown, S., Casarim, F., Grimland, S. and Pearson, T. 2011. Carbon Impacts from
Selective Logging of Forests in Berau District, East Kalimantan, Indonesia.
Folland, C.K., T.R. Karl, J.R. Christy, R.A. Clarke, G.V. Gruza, J. Jouzel, M.E. Mann, J.
Oerlemans, M.J. Salinger and S.-W. Wang,2001: Observed Climate Variability and
Change. In: Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working
Group I tothe Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change [Houghton, J.T., Y. Ding, D.J. Griggs, M. Noguer,P.J. van der Linden, X.
Dai, K. Maskell, and C.A. Johnson (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, United Kingdom andNew York, NY, USA, 881pp.ICRAF, 2012
Zanne et al. Global wood density database
Brown S, Gillespie A and Lugo A E 1989 Biomass estimationmethods for tropical

forests with applications to forest inventorydata Forest Sci. 35 881902
Hardiansyah, G., Ridwan, M. (2012)REDD: PELUANG HPH MENURUNKAN
EMISI GLOBAL
Hummel, S., Hudak, A., Uebler, E., Falkowski, M. and Megown, K. 2011. A comparison
of accuracy and cost of LiDAR versus stand exam data for landscape management
on the Malheur National Forest. Journal of forestry, 109 (5), 267-273.
ICRAF 2012, Wood Density Database : www.worldagroforestry.org/se/

products/afdbarswd/indexhtm

Ministry of environment, Republic of Indonesia.(2010) Indonesia Second
NationalCommunication Under The UnitedNations Framework Conventionon
Climate Change (UNFCCC)
McGroddy M E, Daufresne T and Hedin L O 2004 Scaling of C:N:P stoichiometry in

forests worldwide: implications of terrestrial Redfield-type ratios Ecology 85
2390401
MoFor, 2014. Rekalkulasi penutupan lahan Indonesia Year 2013. Direktorat

Inventarisasi dan Pemantauan Source Daya Hutan. DitJend Planologi Kehutanan.
Kementrian Kehutanan.
Neba, S.G., Kanninen, M., Atyi, R.E. and Sonwa, D.J. 2014. Assessment and prediction
of above-ground biomass in selectively logged forest concessions using field
measurements and remote sensing data: Case study in South East Cameroon.
Forest Ecology and Management, 329, 177-185.
Oliveira, A.A.; Mori, S.A. 1999. A central Amazonian terra firme forest. I. High tree
species richness on poor soils. Biodiversity and Conservation, 8:1219-1244.
Peraturan Menteri Kehutanan Nomor 30 Year 2009 tentang TATA CARA
PENGURANGAN EMISI DARI DEFORESTATION DAN FOREST
DEGRADATION (REDD)
Pithon, S., Jubelin, G., Guitet, S. and Gond, V. 2013. A statistical method for detecting
logging-related canopy gaps using high-resolution optical remote sensing.
International Journal of Remote Sensing, 34 (2), 700-711.
Sasaki, N., Chheng, K. and Ty, S. 2012. Managing production forests for timber
production and carbon emission reductions under the REDD+ scheme.
Environmental Science & Policy, 23, 35-44.
Van Noordwijk M., 2007, Rapid Carbon Stock Appraisal (RACSA), Bogor, ICRAF

Appendices
Appendix 1.
Documentation and Land Cover data specifications of Sub National Forest
Reference Emission Level (FREL) Calculation West Kalimantan Province.
Directorate General of Planning and Environmental Management Ministry of
Environment and Forestry, used satellite data since 1990, mainly Landsat, for mapping of
Land Cover in Indonesia. Mapping system firstly created in 2000 and can only be updated
once every three Years based on the availability of data, because of cloud and smoke
issues. A total of about 217 scenes of Landsat TM / ETM is required to cover the entire
mainland of Indonesia, not including the additional scenes to reduce/remove the cloud
and the presence of smoke. Around 2006, other data sets such as the SPOT vegetation
1000 m and MODIS 250 were used as an alternative, especially when paid Landsat data
of the Ministry of environment was not available yet for processing and the classification
process.
More consistent data is available around 2009; following the policy change of
Landsat data from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) in 2008 which made
Landsat to be free via internet. new Landsat policy, automatically benefit Indonesia with
the increasing amount of data available to support the mapping system. In 2013, the MoF
started using newly launched Landsat 8 OLI to monitor the Land Cover of Indonesia and
replaced the function of Landsat 7 ETM+ as a substitute for cleaning the cloud. More
availability of data through free download has opened an opportunity for Indonesia to
change the interval of three years to be annual.
Until now, the Land Cover data is available for the Year 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009,
2011, 2012, and 2013. Within the last five years, the work of updating the Land Cover
data of 1990 has been done, to update the information created during the NFI. However,
USGS and LAPAN do not have enough available Landsat archive, so 1990s data is not
possible, and the two data sets 1990s created: 1990 and 1996.
The counting process of Sub National FREL West Kalimantan Province used land
cover map issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the year 1990 to 2012.
The data is accessed by the Provincial Government of West Kalimantan through the
Application Letter of Forest Potential Data and Land Cover Map of West Kalimantan to
Ministry of Environment and Forestry with Letter Number: 651 / DFS-V / PHKA / 2016
dated May 3, 2016, which was followed up by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry
in this case the Directorate General of Forestry Planning and Environmental Management,
Directorate General of Inventory and Monitoring of Forests Resources conveyed this data
by letter No. S.180 / IPSDH / JDSK / PLA.1 / 2016 dated May 31, 2016 ,
Land Cover Map of Indonesia serves 23 classes of land cover, including 6 classes
of natural forests, 1 class of plantation forest, 15 classes of non-forest, and 1 class of
cloud-no data. Names of 23 classes and its explanation are presented in appendix table 1

(SNI 7645-2010, Margono et al. 2015 in review); with the monogram series of these 23
classes is presented in Appendix 6.
Forest is defined as a collection of trees with a height of more than 5 m with a
canopy cover of more than 30%. For this activity, Landsat 5 (LS-5) and Landsat 7 (LS-7)
was selected as the sole available source for the purposes of monitoring information. The
example used is a high-resolution satellite imagery as a reference for the more appropriate
interpretation of Land Cover classes. Because the image resolution can estimate the tree
density and the height of trees from the shadow.
Annex Table 1.1 Table of Land Cover and Its Description
NO. Forest Classes Description
1. Dryland Forests Primary Natural tropical forests that grow in dry habitats
including lowland, highland and mountain
forests with no signs of logging activities.
Forests include heath forest and ultramafic forest
and karst, including conifers, season and mist
forests, which no (or low) affected by human
activity or logging
2 Dryland Forests Secondary Natural tropical forests that grow in dry habitats
including lowland, highland and mountain
forests with signs of logging activities showed
with the pattern or logging plots. (The
appearence of road and logging trail), include
heath forest and ultramafic forest and karst,
including conifers, season and mist forests
3 Swamp Forest Primary Natural tropical forests that grow in wet habitat
in swampy areas, including brackish marshes,
swamps, sagu or peat swamps, which are not or
less affected by human activity or logging
4. swamp forest Secondary Natural tropical forests that grow in wet habitat
in swampy areas, including brackish marshes,
swamps, sagu or peat swamps showing signs of
logging activity with a pattern or a logging
location (The appearence of road and logging
trail)
5 Mangrove forests Primary Wetlands Forest in coastal areas such as the
terrain which is still influenced by ebb and flow,
brackish water and is dominated by mangrove

and Nipah, which are not or less affected by
human activity or logging
6. Mangrove forests Secondary Wetlands Forest in coastal areas such as the
terrain which is still influenced by ebb and flow,
brackish water and is dominated by mangrove
and Nipah, and showed signs of logging activity
with a pattern or a logging site
7 Plantation Forest The appearance of the composition of stand
structure in a wide area, dominated by
homogeneous type, and grown for a specific
purpose, including industrial plantation forest
and communities plant forest
8. Non-Forest
9. Dry shrubs Areas that are badly damaged and logged in dry
habitats, are in the process of succession but
have not reached a stable forest ecosystems,
have stands or natural bush spread
10. Wet Shrubs Areas that are badly damaged and logged in wet
habitats, are in the process of succession but
have not reached a stable forest ecosystems,
have stands or natural bush spread
11. Savana and Grassland areas with grass and trees and natural shrubs
scattered. This is typical and natural ecosystems
found in Southeast Sulawesi, East Nusa
Tenggara, and the southern part of Papua. This
cover type can be in wet and dry habitats
12. Original dry land All land covered related to agricultural activities
agriculture on dry land, mixed gplantations and fields
13. Mixed Agriculture All land cover related to agricultural activities in
dry land mixed with bushes, shrubs, and logged
forest. This cover type is often the result of
shifting cultivation included in karst
14. Plantation Plantation land that has been planted, usually
planted with annual crops or other agricultural
commodities.

15. Ricefield Agricultural land in wet habitats, especially rice,
there is a typical pattern of dike, this cover type
including rainfed fields, seasonal rice fields and
irrigated fields.
16. Transmigration Area A typical residential area with housing set and /
or the surrounding gardens
17. Fishpond Land used for aquaculture activities include fish
farms, shrimp farms or salt ponds
18. Open area Open land and land without vegetation cover,
including open fields, craters, desert, sediment,
and burnt land that has not been vegetated
19. Mining Mine site shows open mine activities such as
open pit mines including the tailings
20. Settlement Settlements including villages, City, industry
and other settlements with a distinctive
appearance
21. Dock Port display that is wide enough for an object to
be defined separately
22. open water open water Display including sea, rivers, lakes,
and ponds
23. Open Swamp open swamp Display with little vegetation
24. Cloud and no data Views of clouds and cloud shadows with a size
of more than 4 cm2 on a scale of 100,000

Appendix 2
Documentation and specification of the peat land Data

The activities of peat mapping in Indonesia is closely related to soil mapping
projects for agriculture development program, conducted by the Ministry of Agriculture.
Indonesia has developed a procedure for mapping of peat land based on remote sensing
at a scale of 1: 50.000 (SNI 7925: 2013). Map of Indonesia's peat lands had been updated
and released several times since the dynamics of data availability. For this FREL, a map
of peat used was the latest 2011 edition in a scale of 1: 250.000 (national scale). This map
was based on data and information on the year 1989 - 2011, the Land/Soil Resources
Mapping project, under the Agency for Agricultural Research and Development Ministry
of Agriculture. In this project, peat soil maps made from a series of data available in
Indonesia, which was the result of land mapping at various levels and scale, followed by
the corresponding ground truth.
DESEMBER 2011 EDITION
Based on data from Center for Research and Development of the Department of
Agriculture in 2011, peat area in West Kalimantan covered 1,680,135 hectares, or
approximately 35% of the total area of peat lands in Kalimantan, which covered 4,778,004
hectares. Information on peat soil, especially in soil classification and spatial distribution
based on review level mapping principle with the scale of 1: 250,000. Detailed

information relating to the operational use of the field and the required technological
innovations has to be based on the level of semi-detailed map scale of 1: 50.000. Map
preparation method for peat in Kalimantan is obtained from the Land Review maps of
West Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, PLG map (ABCD), and other
maps of Central Kalimantan.
Annex Table 2. Size and distribution of peatland based on depth in each province in Sumatra,
Kalimantan and Papua
Wide
Districs/Islands

Appendix 3
Documentation and Data Specifications of Forest Carbon Stocks

The forestry sector and peatlands in Indonesia is a sector that has great potential for
reductions of emissions considering the contribution of this sector emissions by 60% of
the total emissions. Reduction of this emission is done through a mechanism to reduce
deforestation and forest and peat land degradation, ecosystem conservation efforts,
sustainable forests management, enhancement of carbon stocks. At the International level,
the mechanism is known as Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation Plus
(REDD +) which the concept was recognized in a meeting between the parties or COP13
in Bali 2007.
Document of Provincial Strategy and Action Plan (SRAP) REDD+ is an initial
document that is dynamically adjusted to the development of the peoples aspirations and
policies relating to REDD+ implementation. To ensure that the document has been
properly implemented on the ground, it is necessary to do monitoring and reporting
activities of emissions reduction efforts that have been implemented until today.
The intention to evaluate the emissions level have been achieved by West
Kalimantan Provincial Government of land-based sector. While the purpose of
monitoring, reporting and verification of REDD is to provide carbon emission data in
West Kalimantan from land-based sector and to determine the level of emissions
reduction based on accurate and reliable methodologies.
Project implementing agency is the SKPD (Regional Working Units) of West
Kalimantan of Regional Environment Office. Regional Environment Office collected the
data and information through documentary study on secondary sources such as research
reports and others, then do the review and analysis.
The parties that can serve as a source of data and information among others :
(1) Government agency at the level of West Kalimantan Province
(2) Government agencies at the district level of West Kalimantan
(3) NGO, working in the field of environment and the preservation of nature
(4) other data sources.
In addition to collecting secondary data, it will also be carried primary data
collection related to field locations which are expected to become the dsample plots.

Appendix 4
Emission Calculation from Deforestation, Forest Degradation and Peat

Decomposition
Annex Table 3. Deforestation Per District/City in West Kalimantan

Annex Table 4. Deforestation in each type of soil

Annex Table 5. Forest Degradation per Kabupaten/City di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat

Annex Table 6. Forest Degradation in each type of soil

Appendix 6
Matrix for calculation of peat decomposition
Matrix transition from peat decomposition emissions is created by using the data
of Emission Factor. Diagonal cells (blue and red) are the Emission Factor areas that
remain in the same land cover classes. Total value of Peat decomposition is generated by
multiplying the value in the cell of Emission Factor with the value of the same cell in the
activity data. Presumed that the field changes occur gradually, Emission Factor is
calculated as the average cover land before and after the change.
Annex Table 7..Land Cover Change

Annex Table 8. Peat Decomposition Matrix

Appendix 8
Sustainable Forest Management
Sustainable forest management (SFM) is one of the important activities related to
REDD+ program. SMF involves selective cutting, appropriate cutting cycle, and
sustainable annual logging including reduced impact logging (RIL). In West Kalimantan,
in 1990s forested area is of approximately 6,480,412.40 hectares and nonforested area is
approximately 1,057,966.23 ha. While in 2012, the forested area is of approximately
6,207,847.09 Ha and nonforested area is of approximately 1,358,374.49 Ha. Forest
utilization licenses up to 2012, include: ecosystem restoration 88.665 Ha, HTI 2,445,561
Ha, IUPHHK-HA 1,267,945 Ha (Source: Forest Utilization Map in West Kalimantan).
This makes SFM as an activity that could potentially be included in a subsequent
submission for Indonesia's REDD+ program.
Low-carbon interventions from the LULUCF sector in West Kalimantan offer
several opportunities to achieve significant emissions reductions through other
mechanisms. The amount is indicated by the large contribution of emissions reductions
that can be achieved by eliminating the presence of emissions source by a). stopping the
peat fire, b) Stopping the draining of peat lands and, c) stopping deforestation and
emissions from forest and land use change. At the site level, low-carbon investment will
give emphasis on the main sector that are forestry sector (production forest, forest
conservation and protection forest) and peatlands as well as supporting sectors (plantation,
agriculture, and mining). Emissions reduction program through reducing deforestation
and forest degradation is carried out through interventions on land use in forested areas
and peat lands.
Emissions reduction program will be implemented through improving the
management of production forest, industrial plantation forest and peatland. While carbon
stock enhancement program will be implemented through forest conservation, ecosystem
restoration, and rehabilitation of degraded forest lands and peat lands.
West Kalimantan will build partnerships with the holders of IUPHHK-Natural and
IUPHHK- Industrial Forest leading to low-emission wood management practices, and to
provide support both from legal and technical aspects. Natural forest management will be
targeted to meet the government's requirements for certification of sustainable forest
management (SVLK) and is expected to obtain certification from the Forest Stewardship
Council (FSC) which is done on their own initiative.
Establishing and functioning the Forest Management Unit (FMU) Production
Forest Model to improve and clarify the roles and responsibilities of local government,
private sector, and communities in forest management at the site level to be able to control
deforestation and forest degradation.
Opportunities and possible resources, forest areas and peatlands that have high
conservation value will be encouraged to be managed sustainably. Not for the purpose of
timber production and industrial forest plantation but to become the area with the function
of ecosystem restoration and the protection function of other environmental services.

Industrial Plantation Forest development activities will be directed to optimize the
forest areas that have been severely degraded, especially in the open areas and shrubs as
well as planned to protect areas with high conservation value. The subjects of industrial
plantation forest are driven to carried out environmentally and socially friendly plantation
forest development among other things through land clearing without burning, land
preparation that can reduce the risk of erosion and soil compaction, and settlement
resolution of land disputes with local communities.
To support the implementation of these programs, the following activities are
needed: 1) Identifying and obtaining the commitment of concessionaires who will be
involved in vision "Going Green West Kalimantan for Indonesia and Welfare Society",
2) Identifying and encouraging the development of the activities of the utilization of
absorption and/or the storage of carbon on production forest, 3) Providing technical
support for the efforts on SVLK and FSC certification, 4) Mobilising policy support from
the central government on the practices of reduce impact logging (RIL) in a production
forest management, 5) Mobilizing the support and securing the commitment of
concessionaires and the commitments of governance changes in the level of production
partners for the implementation of RIL practices in production forest governance, 6)
Assisting the acquisition of better access to financing for concessionaires who are
committed to improve their governance, 7) Reviewing and initiating opportunities for area
development with the function of ecosystem restoration or other protection functions.

Frel Kalbar

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Frel Kalbar

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

FREL

Forest Reference Emission Level

Dr. Gusti Hardiansyah, Adi Yani, Karsono Rumawadi, Hendarto Yenny,

Sub National Working Group FREL West Kalimantan

FOREST REFERENCE EMISSION LEVEL (FREL) SUB NATIONAL WEST

Thanks to the grace of God Almighty, finally the

Pontianak, August 2016

The forestry and peatlands sector is one of the

Head of Forestry Office

Marius Marcellus TJ, SH, MM

Since the establishment of Working Group on

Head of Environment diganti Head of Division of Impacts and Environmental Law

Ir. Adi Yani, MH

DECREE OF THE GOVERNOR OF WEST KALIMANTAN

ESTABLISHMENT OF WORKING GROUP ON REDUCING EMISSIONS FROM

Having borne in mind:

FIRST : To establish a Working Group of Reducing Emissions from

GOVERNOR OF WEST KALIMANTAN

THE STRUCTURE OF MEMBERSHIP OF THE WORKING GROUP FOR

III. Working Group Board

Chief I : Drs. Cornelius Kimha, Msi

Chief II : Dr. Ir. H. Darmawan, M.Sc.

Chief III : Ir. G. Michael Jeno, MM

Chief IV : Marius Marcellius, SH, MM

4. Law and Institution

GOVERNOR OF WEST KALIMANTAN

Number Main Body Page

Table 1 Change Views On Causes of Deforestation in 1

Table 2 Measured Activity 5

Table 3 Carbon Pool and Greenhouse gas (GHG) 7

Table 4 Land covers classes used in FREL 12

Table 5 Total Forest Area based on its function 16

Table 6 The Depth of Peat in West Kalimantan 18

Table 7 Peat Emission Factor 20

Table 8 working procedures and referral calculation 22

Table 9 Dryland Forest Allometric 32

Table 10 Peatland Forest Allometric 33

Table 11 Magrove Forest Allometric 34

Table 12 References related to categories, parameters and 35

Table 13 Values of biomass and carbon on the surface of the 43

Table 14 Values of biomass and carbon on the surface of the 44

Table 15 FREL sub-national projections of West Kalimantan 45

Table 16 FREL sub-national projections of West Kalimantan 46

Number Main Body Page

Figure 4 West Kalimantan Peatland (Ministry of Agriculture, 18

Figure 32 Graph of FREL West Kalimantan projections in 2013 47

Figure 34 Medium-term scheme for funding structure 59

Figure 35 Long term scheme for funding structure 60

Figure 36 Distribution of DA REDD+ 64

AMDAL : Environmental Impact Analysis

Source: Occasional Paper CIFOR No. 9 (1) Year 1997

FREL West Kalimantan | 1

2 | FREL West Kalimantan

FREL West Kalimantan | 3

4 | FREL West Kalimantan

Table 2. Measured Activity

FREL West Kalimantan | 5

6 | FREL West Kalimantan

- SNI 7725:2011 on the Development of allometric equations for estimating Forest

Especially for peatland, emissions from peat decomposition is calculated at a

FREL West Kalimantan | 7

8 | FREL West Kalimantan

10 | FREL West Kalimantan

Manuri et all (0,242DA2,473WDA0 2-167 0,97 Kalbar (Kapuas 148