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Tyler Woicicki
Lab Section 1
The following experiment will be executed to distinguish if the simulated water sample contains
toxic levels of Cu2+ and Fe3+ ions. By comparing other water samples with known concentrations and
ions, the student will be able to distinguish whether or not the sample contains toxic levels of the
copper and iron ions, and be able to identify other ions found in the simulated water sample. The known
water samples will be tested using a spectrophotometer that will examine the absorption spectrum of
each of the solutions. With the data from each of the solutions, the concentration will be determined
based upon their absorption spectra. The samples will also be burned to better analyze their emission
Certain salts or high ion concentrations in most environments are usually not very good unless
the environment needs a large supply or mining will take place. Otherwise, a high concentration in
certain salts can cause a lot of damage to an already established ecosystem. Such was the case in Clark
Fork of the Columbia River during a major fish kill. The water had very high levels of metal ions, and that
increased the salinity of the water. This in turn made the river inhabitable to some of the marine life.
This lab is to use skills learned in previous labs to analyze the simulated water sample and point out the
ions present along with the concentrations of iron and copper. The concentrations and the ions present
The experiment has two major objectives; to find the presence of Group 1A and IIA metal ions,
and to determine the concentration of the iron and copper ions. With the data collected, the cause of
collected, and the use of lab equipment. It will also show that the student understands what they should
be looking for and how to get there. This experiment also serves as a small demonstration of how
electrons can jump energy levels and drop back down. This is how the emission spectrum is produced.
The absorption spectrum is what light is not being emitted but absorbed.
The most plausible outcomes for the experiment will be most of the IA and IIA salts will be
present in the solution and the Cu concentration will have been too high in the simulated water sample.
Procedure
1. List of reagents
e. Distilled water
c. Fill beaker to roughly 30 ml. with the 400 ppm [CuSCN]+ or [FeSCN]2+
d. Acquire necessary Milliliters of solution (Use table A to find the milliliters of solution
i. Again, refer to table A to know how much water to add vs. how much solution
f. Cu should have four dilutions as well as iron for a grand total of eight dilutions to put in
the cuvettes.
iii. 0.1M Iron (III) Nitrate and Copper(II) Nitrate solutions (already mixed with SCN-
ions)
2. Turn on spectrometer
b. Carefully take beaker with solution and pour roughly 5 ml onto watch glass, or enough
i. Press main menu -> press F5 Spectroscopy -> and the press F1 emission.
ii. Press Set Up to establish Rest of steps in red chem book on page 425
e. Place left hand on spectrometer and hit enter when ready to scan
f. If the recording of the spectra looks good (it has peaks in the data, and the data is set to
the right parameters) then save on the station and move onto next sampled
g. To best avoid cross contamination, follow these steps after each trial.
ii. Rinse out with distilled water and dry off with a paper towel.
iv. Heat up nichrome wire to an orange glow and submerge into watch glass with
distilled water
v. *after a couple of trials (about 10) use the spatter method to clean out the
Bunsen Burner
vii. Rinse off watch glass with distilled water and wipe off using a paper towel.
viii. Rinse off stir pill with distilled water and dry with a paper towel 2 times after
each solution
ix. Take new solution and repeat steps a-e
1. Solutions to Burn ; Na, Li, K, Ca, Ba, Sr, Iron (III) Nitrate, Copper (II)
4. Absorption
a. Pre checks
b. Carefully take a sample of either the Fe or Cu dilution and clean off with the kimwipe
iii. Press Setup to establish Rest of steps in red chem book on page 423
d. *This lab requires two different cuvettes to be scanned prior to the serial Dilutions and
unkown sample
iii. Remove the black cuvette and insert a clear cuvette (containing distilled water)
1. Wipe off clear cuvette before putting it inside the sample compartment.
iv. Make sure cuvette is inserted with the clear side (two opposite sides are a little
cloudy, and the other two are clear) facing the light source.
v. Press REFFERENCE
Once complete, the serial dilutions along with the unknown water sample can be
run through
e. Dilutions to check absorption spectra; 100, 200, 300, 400 ppm Cu and Fe dilutions along
5. Comparing Results
c. Look at which wavelength peaks most closely resemble the ones in the unknown
sample.
d. Plot dilutions on a graph (one graph for copper and another for iron)
f. Determine the concentration of copper and iron in the unknown sample by using the
wavelengths for copper and iron as x (in their respective equations for line of best fit)
6. Table A
7. Formulas
4. X = x axis value
5. Y = y axis value
7. X = Sum of x values
8. Y = Sum of y values
8. Equipment
Spectrophotometer
o Looks like a giant old calculator
o Has an open ended silver pointed object that can record emission or absorption spectra
Tells you what color it is and shines a light
Bunsen burner
o Looks like an open ended ratchet with a tube connected to it.
o Tube supplies gas to the open end where the fire
Makes fire
Watch glass
o Looks like an oversized monocle, but only the glass piece
o Will be used as a container for a solution in which the nichrome wire will be able to be
submerged to acquire the solution.
Mini bowl with liquid
Nichrome wire
o Looks like solder wire
o Dont poke yourself or others with it, it will be used acquire solution to burn
Wire so you dont burn your fingers or have to spatter
Salts
o Listed above on reagents
Distilled water
o Use what is necessary
Cuvettes
o Look like tiny glass rectangular prisms
o Containers for the serial Dilutions
Container
Glass vials
o Look like vials that would go on a centrifuge
o This is where the dilutions will be mixed
Bibliography
http://www.modelscience.com/help/html/equipment.htm
Experiments in General Chemistry book
https://www.easycalculation.com/statistics/learn-regression.php
Previous lab data
http://images.slideplayer.com/22/6414049/slides/slide_5.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Infrared_spectrum.gif
http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/outreach/Edu/Spectra/irspec.html
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/ems3.html