PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER

(PLC) - SCADA
SYNOPSIS
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR

Three Month Industrial Training

AT

Netmax Technologies Chandigarh

SCO 118-120 3rd floor, Sector- 34(A), Chandigarh 160022

SUBMITTED BY

Harleen Kaur

Electrical

Roll No.- 132037

Univ. Roll No-1311195

Electrical Engineering Department

GURU NANAK DEV ENGINEERING COLLEGE

LUDHIANA, INDIA
1. COMPANY PROFILE
Simplifying IT

Netmax Technologies is a leader in network support, embedded systems, and software & web
development services. Netmax Technologies group of companies is divided into two: Netmax
Technologies (Core) & Netmax Web solutions.

Netmax Technologies (Core) takes care of IT support, embedded systems R& D &
Implementation services, whereas Netmax web solutions is a web & software development
company that takes care of Software development & web service solutions.

It offers a vast portfolio of IT solutions to customers spread across Punjab, Haryana &
Himachal Pradesh. Netmax Technologies is a pioneer in the field of IT education in north
India.

Netmax Technologies was set up in 2001 by young Indian entrepreneurs. It has pioneered the
concept of high quality IT education in North India and has trained over 10,000 plus
networking, embedded systems & software professionals in the country. In 2001, Netmax
Technologies set up education centre in Chandigarh (Punjab) and followed them with centers
in Patiala, Jalandhar, Ludhiana & Bhatinda in the years that followed. In 2005, Netmax
Technologies introduced corporate training programs which as an initiative were highly
appreciated by the industry and corporate alike.

Area of Focus:

Netmax Technologies focus areas include network support, network implementation,

embedded system research & development and robotics. Netmax Technologies addresses the
needs of well-defined industry segments such as BPOs, IT & ITES, and government
Agencies like CSIO & TBRL etc. It has alliances with global IT majors such as Microsoft,
CISCO and Red Hat.
 1. PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC)
A programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is a digital computer
used for automation of electromechanical processes, such as control of machinery on factory
assembly lines, amusement rides, or lighting fixtures. PLCs are used in many industries and
machines. Unlike general-purpose computers, the PLC is designed for multiple inputs and
output arrangements, extended temperature ranges, immunity to electrical noise, and
resistance to vibration and impact.

PROGRAMMING

Early PLCs, up to the mid-1980s, were programmed using proprietary programming panels
or special-purpose programming terminals, which often had dedicated function keys
representing the various logical elements of PLC programs. Ladder logic is a programming
language that is used for developing software for programmable logic controller that is used
for process control operations.The ladder diagram represents the interconnection amongst
various circuit elements. Each row in the diagram is called rung.

COMMUNICATION
PLCs have built in communications ports, usually 9-pin RS-232, but optionally EIA-
485.Most modern PLCs can communicate over a network to some other system, such as a
computer running a SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) system or web
browser

PLC HARDWARE

Power Supply - This can be built into the PLC or be an external unit. Common voltage levels
required by the PLC (with and without the power supply) are 24Vdc, 120Vac, 220Vac.

I/O (Input/output) - A number of input/output terminals must be provided so that the PLC
can monitor the process and initiate actions
Indicator lights - These indicate the status of the PLC including power on, program running,
and a fault. These are essential when diagnosing problems.
Software - A software based PLC requires a computer with an interface card, but allows the
PLC to be connected to sensors and other PLCs across a network.
Rack - A rack is often large (up to 18 by 30 by 10) and can hold multiple cards. When
necessary, multiple racks can be connected together

A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO CODESYS

CoDeSys is a complete development environment for your PLC. (CoDeSys stands for
Controlled Development System).CoDeSys puts a simple approach to the powerful IEC
language at the disposal of the PLC programmer. Use of the editors and debugging functions
is based upon the proven development program environments of advanced programming
languages.

2.SCADA
SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) generally refers to industrial control
systems (ICS): computer systems that monitor and control industrial, infrastructure, or
facility-based processes, as described below:
Industrial processes include those of manufacturing, production, power generation,
fabrication, and refining, and may run in continuous, batch, repetitive, or discrete
modes.
Infrastructure processes may be public or private, and include water treatment and
distribution, wastewater collection and treatment, oil and gas pipelines, electrical
power transmission and distribution, wind farms, civil defences siren systems, and
large communication systems.
Facility processes occur both in public facilities and private ones, including buildings,
airports, ships, and space stations. They monitor and control HVAC, access, and
energy consumption.
SCADA is a computer based programmable and distributed supervisory control and data
acquisition system. It is used to improve overall system efficiency in case of both capital and
energy and to increase reliability of service to essential loads .Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA) system enables to control , distribution equipment from a remote
location. It provides operating information, and perform these additional services.

HUMAN-MACHINE INTERFACE
A humanmachine interface or HMI is the apparatus which presents process data to a human
operator, and through which the human operator controls the processThe HMI system
usually presents the information to the operating personnel graphically, in the form of a
mimic diagram. This means that the operator can see a schematic representation of the plant
being controlled.