Tutorial 12 VCCT

Tutorial 12:: Composites,
Composites
Modelling bond failure with VCCT
Stephanie Miot
Strategic Simulation & Analysis Ltd

Southill Barn, Southill Business Park, Cornbury Park, Charlbury, Oxfordshire, OX7 3EW
T. 01608 811777 F. 01608811770 E.info@ssanalysis.co.uk W. www.ssanalysis.co.uk
1. Introduction
In this tutorial, you will model the failure of a bond with the Virtual Crack Closure
Technique (VCCT).. You will modify an existing model of an aircraft wing, create
contacts between the different composite parts and define the interaction
properties. You will then perform a static analysis of a combined loading test and
visualize the results
ts of the simulation with Abaqus/Viewer.
When you complete this tutorial, you

y will be able to:
- Define the properties of a bond
- Model the bond failure using VCCT
- Select the output variables that will be written in the output file
- Use the visualization module to create contour plots
Preliminaries
The wing model is composed of:

- a cover
Dimensions: 19.5
19 m x 5 m, 6 mm thick
Lay-up: (452, -452, 902, 02, 902, 02)S
Material: UD carbon / epoxy T300/M18
19.5 m
Figure 1: Geometry of the cover

T. 01608 811777 F. 01608811770 E.info@ssanalysis.co.uk W. www.ssanalysis.co.uk 2
- short stiffeners (SRO
SRO1)
Dimensions: 0.2 m x 0.14 m, 1.6 m long, 4 mm thick
Lay-up: (03, 90, -452, 452)S
Figure 2: Geometry of the stiffener SRO1
- long stiffeners (SRO

SRO2)
Dimensions: 0.2 m x 0.2 m, 4.75 m long, 4 mm thick
Lay-up: (03, -45,
45, 90, 45, 03, -452, 03, 452)S
Figure 3: Geometry of the stiffener SRO2

2. Setting up the model
Open the model Tutorial12
2.cae.
This file contains the geometry of the different components, the material and
section properties, the assembly, the boundary conditions and the loading. The
units are: m and Pa.
In this tutorial, you will define the interaction properties and create a contact
between the stiffeners
tiffeners and the cover. You will then run a static analysis and use
the visualization module to post-process
post process the results of the simulation.
3. Interaction
1. Preliminary work: Create contact surfaces and a node set which contains the
slave nodes initially bonded to the master surface.
surface
a. In the Part Module, click Tools Surface Create.. Name the new surface
Master and click Continue...
b. Modify the selection mode: by angle and select the top faces of the cover.

c. Go into the Assembly Module.
Module Click Tools Display Group Create.
Select Part/Model instances:
instances Cover-1 and click the Remove icon .
Click Dismiss.
d. Click Tools Surface Create. Name the new surface Slave and click
Continue...
e. Select the bottom faces of each stiffener. Use Shift for multiple selection.
f. Click Tools Set Create.

Create Name the new set SlaveNodes.. Select the type:
Node and click Continue...
g. Select all the nodes on the bottom faces of the stiffeners using the selection
mode: by angle.. Then modify the selection mode to individually and
remove from the selection the first line of nodes at the tip of the 4 long
stiffeners (see picture below). Use Ctrl to unselect items.

2. Define the mechanical behaviour of the bond with the following properties:
- GIC = 1.9 kJ/m - = 2.5
- GIIC = GIIIC = 2.5 kJ/m
h. Go into the Interaction Module and click the Create Interaction Property
icon
i. In the Create Interaction Property dialog box, name the property VCCT.
Accept the default selection of Type: Contact and click Continue...
j. In the Edit Contact Property dialog box, from

rom the menu bar, select
Mechanical Fracture Criterion.
Criterion Accept the default selection for the Type:
VCCT, the direction of crack growth: Maximum tangential stress and the
Mixed mode behaviour:
ur: BK.
BK
k. Specify the critical energy release rate for each mode and the exponent
as defined above.
l. Set the Tolerance at 0.5 and the viscosity coefficient at 2e-3.

Note: High value of tolerance and/or viscosity coefficient strongly affects the
analysis results. The values defined here are for the purpose of the tutorial only.

m. Toggle on Specify tolerance for unstable crack propagation and accept
the default selection. Then click OK.

3. Create contact between the stiffeners and the cover.
cover
a. Click the Create Interaction icon
b. In the Create Interaction dialog box, name the interaction Cover-SROs.

Select Step: Initial. Accept the default selection of Types for Selected Step:
Surface-to-surface
surface contact (Standard) and click Continue...
c. Select the master surface. Click the Surfaces button.. In the Region
Selection dialog box, select Cover-1.Master.. Toggle on Highlight
selections in viewport.
viewport Click Continue...

d. Select the slave surface. Select type: Surface and select Slave in the
Region Selection dialog box. Click Continue...
e. In the Edit Interaction dialog box, select Discretization method: Node to

Surface. In the Bonding tab, toggle on Limit bonding to slave nodes in
subset and select the node set: SlaveNodes.
f. Accept the default selection for Contact interaction property: VCCT and
click OK.

n. Click Special Crack Create. Name the new crack Bond and select
s the
Type: Debond using VCCT.
VCCT Click Continue...
o. In the Edit Crack dialog box, select the Initiation step: Step-1
Step and the
Contact pair interaction: Cover-SROs.
Cover Click OK.

4. Static analysis and post-processing
post
1. Create new output requests. The preselected default output does not include
the failure output variables.
variables To visualize the damage evolution in the bonds,
bonds you
will write additional field output to the output database file.
file
a. Go into the Step Module.

Module Click the Create Field Output icon
b. In the Create Field dialog box, click Continue...
c. In the Edit Field Output Request dialog box, accept default selection
select for the
Domain: Whole model.
model Then select Frequency: Every n increments and
set n: 2.
d. In the Output Variables list, expand the Failure/Fracture list and toggle on
the variables DBS, OPENBC, BDSTAT and CSDMG. Then click
lick OK.

2. Create a new job and run the analysis.
analysis
a. Go into the Job Module.

Module Click the Create Job icon .
b. In the Create Job dialog box, name the job: Wing03.. Accept the default
selection of the model: Wing and click Continue...
c. In the Edit Job dialog box, in the tab: Parallelization,, toggle on Use multiple
processors and set the number of processors: 3.
d. Click the Job Manager icon
e. In the Job Manager dialog box, select Wing03 and click Submit.
Submit

3. Analyse the results of the simulation.
a. When the job submission has been completed, in the Job Manager dialog
box, click Results.. You can also open Wing03.odb in the Visualization
Module.
b. Click the Common Options icon and select Visible Edges: Free edges.
Click OK.
c. Click the Plot Contours on Deformed Shape icon
d. Click the Field Output Dialog icon or click Result Field Output.
Output
In the Field Output dialog box, select the Output Variable: CSDMG (damage
variable) then click Apply.
Apply
You can also select Primary: CSDMG in the Field Output toolbar.

e. In the Color Code toolbar, click the Toggle Global Translucency icon
Note the debonding of the stiffeners at the tip of the wing.
f. In the Field Output dialog box, select other variables describing the bond
failure such as BDSTAT (bond state) or OPENBC (Opening behind crack tip).
Click Apply.
g. Click Tools XY Data Create. In the Create XY Data dialog box, select
ODB field output.. Click Continue...
h. In the XY Data from ODB Field Output dialog box, in the Variables tab,
select Position: Unique Nodal.
Nodal In the variables list, expand RF: Reaction
force and toggle on Magnitude,
Magnitude then expand U: Spatial displacement and
toggle on Magnitude.. In the Elements/Nodes tab, select Method: Node
sets: ASSEMBLY_CONSTRAINT-1_REFERENCE_POINT.
ASSEMBLY_CONSTRAINT . Click Save. A
warning message is displayed. Click OK. Then click Dismiss.

i. Click Tools XY Data Create. In the Create XY Data dialog box, select
Operate on XY data.. Click Continue...
j. In the Operate on XY Data dialog box, in the Operators column, click

combine(X,X). Select U:Magnitude and click Add to Expression.
Expression Type ,
then select RF:Magnitude and click Add to Expression. Click Plot
Expression.


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Tutorial 12:: Composites,

Strategic Simulation & Analysis Ltd

When you complete this tutorial, you

The wing model is composed of:

Figure 1: Geometry of the cover

Strategic Simulation & Analysis Ltd

Figure 2: Geometry of the stiffener SRO1

- long stiffeners (SRO

Figure 3: Geometry of the stiffener SRO2

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Strategic Simulation & Analysis Ltd

f. Click Tools Set Create.

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j. In the Edit Contact Property dialog box, from

l. Set the Tolerance at 0.5 and the viscosity coefficient at 2e-3.

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Strategic Simulation & Analysis Ltd

a. Click the Create Interaction icon

b. In the Create Interaction dialog box, name the interaction Cover-SROs.

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e. In the Edit Interaction dialog box, select Discretization method: Node to

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Strategic Simulation & Analysis Ltd

a. Go into the Step Module.

b. In the Create Field dialog box, click Continue...

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a. Go into the Job Module.

d. Click the Job Manager icon

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c. Click the Plot Contours on Deformed Shape icon

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Strategic Simulation & Analysis Ltd

j. In the Operate on XY Data dialog box, in the Operators column, click

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