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fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/LAWP.2017.2682262, IEEE
Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters
1
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This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/LAWP.2017.2682262, IEEE
Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters
2
corresponding eigenvector gives the optimal distribution of are listed in the second column of Table I and II. Although the
excitations for the transmitting array. The optimal distribution optimized T is 59.4%, the feeding networks on both
of excitations for the receiving antenna array can be obtained transmitting and receiving sides can not exactly achieve the
similarly. Note that the mutual coupling between the elements optimized excitations. In addition, the board loss and the
has been included in the matrix [A] . fabrication tolerance also have influences on T . For this
reason, the final measured transmission efficiency is less than
its theoretical value.
The feeding networks are then designed and the realized
distributions are listed in the third column of Table I and II.
Note that the antenna arrays are left-right symmetrical. Fig. 2
shows the photographs of the fabricated antenna arrays with
the feeding networks.
TABLE I
DISTRIBUTIONS OF EXCITATION
FORTRANSMITTING ANTENNA ARRAY.
Fig. 1. WPT system
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This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/LAWP.2017.2682262, IEEE
Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters
3
Fig. 3. Simulated and measured S11 (dB) for transmitting and receiving (a) (b)
antenna arrays. Fig. 5. (a) Experimental setup for the WPT system. (b) Lighting up an LED at
a distance of 40 cm.
The measured value of transmission coefficient at 5.8 GHz Our second example for the wireless power transmission
is -4.05 dB. Hence the corresponding transmission system uses 88 arrays as the transmitting and the receiving,
efficiency of the whole WPT system is 39.4% at 5.8 GHz. operating at 5.8 GHz. The transmitting and the receiving
Also, the transmission coefficient stays above -5 dB in the arrays are separated by a distance of 100 cm. Due to the
frequency range from 5.67 to 5.86 GHz, indicating that the symmetry, the optimized excitations for the transmitting and
power transmission efficiency is higher than 31.6% across receiving arrays are the same. The measured transmission
the frequency band. The transmission efficiency reaches coefficient at 5.8 GHz is 3.29 dB, and the corresponding
the maximum value of 42% at 5.78 GHz due to the transmission efficiency of the WPT system is 46.9% (The
fabrication tolerance. The transmission efficiency is optimized transmission efficiency is 65.7%). The simulated
increased by 25.7% compared with 33.4% achieved in and measured reflection coefficients S11 of antenna arrays and
[17]. transmission coefficients S21 of the WPT system are shown in
Fig. 6. The optimized distributions of excitations and the
The power transmission coefficients can also obtained realized excitations of feeding network are listed in Table III.
from a direct measurement. As shown in Fig. 5(a), a
combination of vector network analyzer and RF amplifier
is utilized to generate a power of 25 dBm (316.23 mW) for
the transmitting array. The power collected by the receiving
antenna array can be measured by spectrum analyzer, which is
found to be 21.02 dBm (126.47 mW). Hence, the power
transmission efficiency is found to be 39.9%, which is very
close to the value obtained from (2).
To prove the capability of the WPT system, as shown in Fig.
5(b), a power-harvesting rectifier is designed and connected (a) (b)
with an LED. In order to light up the LED, the power input to Fig. 6. (a) Simulated and measured S11 for transmitting and receiving
the rectifier is required to be above 9.69 dBm (9.31 mW). antenna arrays. (b) Simulated and measured S21 for transmitting and
After connecting the rectifier to the receiving antenna array in receiving antenna arrays.
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This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/LAWP.2017.2682262, IEEE
Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters
4
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