Sei sulla pagina 1di 22

Alcohols

Aliling, Baluyot, Bergonio,


Chumacera, Detras, Nuestro
What is Alcohol?

- A colorless volatile flammable liquid that is produced by the natural fermentation of sugars and is
the intoxicating constituent of wine, beer, spirits, and other drinks, and is also used as an industrial
solvent and as fuel
- Primarily consumable is Ethanol in many forms ( beer, wine, tequila, whiskey, gin, etc.)
- Alcohol originated from 9000 to 4000 B.C. with the discovery of beer back in Ancient Egyptian
times.
Ethanol

Small water soluble molecule that is rapidly absorbed from GI


(gastrointestinal) tract that produces intoxication exhibited by sedation, relief
of anxiety, lack of inhibition, slurred speech, ataxia (failure of muscle
coordination) and impaired judgment.
Depressant
Pathways of Alcohol Metabolism to Acetaldehyde
Receptors affected by Alcohol

- GABA Receptors
- Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
What is the Mechanism of Action?

- By increasing the action of GABA, alcohol diminishes the function of


neurons. It depresses the mood (Depressant).
What are the Effects of Alcohol?
Blood Alcohol Content and its effects

Measured with a blood


sample in lab
Police use a
Breathalyzer which
measures BAC through
alcohol content from the
breath sample
1. CNS
- Sedation
- Relief of Anxiety
2. Cardiovascular System
- It can lower your risk of Cardiovascular disease (Moderate Consumption)
- Significant depression of myocardial activity
3. Smooth Muscle
- Muscle Relaxation
- Relaxes the uterus
- Suppression of premature labor
Other Effects

Increase Libido
Soothes sore throat
Freshens Breath (Vodka)
Good Cholesterol
For malaria infections
Decrease chances of common cold
What are the Side Effects of Alcohols?
1. Liver and Gastrointestinal Tract

- Alcoholic fatty liver alcoholic hepatitis


cirrhosis liver failure.
- Injures the small intestine diarrhea,
weight loss, and multiple vitamin
deficiencies.
2. Nervous System
-Tolerance and dependence
-Neurotoxicity

3.Cardiovascular System
- Cardiomyopathy and heart failure
- Arrhythmias
- Hypertension
- Coronary Heart Disease
4. Blood
- Hematopoiesis
- Proliferation of all cellular elements in
bone marrow.
- Mild anemia (alcohol-related folic acid
deficiency)
5. Endocrine System and Electrolyte
Balance
- Derangement in steroid hormone
balance.
- Disorders of fluid and electrolyte
balance.
6. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
-teratogenic effects
Mental retardation and congenital malformation
-abnormalities
1. Intrauterine growth retardation
2. Microcephaly
3. Poor coordination
4. Underdevelopment of midfacial region
5. Minor joint anomalies
- Congenital heart
7. Immune system
- Immune function
Inhibited (lung)
Triggered (liver,pancreas)
8. Increased Risk of Cancer
- Mouth, Pharynx, Larynx, Esophagus, Liver,
Breast cancer
- Primary metabolite: acetaldehyde
Mechanism of Side Effect

1. Liver/ Gastrointestinal Tract

Increased hepatic levels of glycerol 3-phosphate (3-GP) after ethanol


ingestion are related to an increase in the ratio of the reduced form of
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to the reduced form (NADH) in
the liver.
2. Nervous System

Increases in microglia density also occurs in alcohol abusers which is


evidence of neurodegeneration.

3. Cardiovascular System

Blood concentrations of high density and low density lipoproteins


Cellular signaling
Plaque formation
4. Blood

directly damages erythroid precursors, thereby contributing to macrocytosis


and the anemic state of chronic alcoholics.
directly suppresses platelet formation and decreases the platelet life span.

5. Endocrine System and Electrolyte Imbalance

the inhibitory control of the HPA axis becomes impaired


inhibited dihydrotestosterone biosynthesis
6. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

fetal tissues have far less antioxidant protection than adult tissues as they
express no significant quantities ADH or ALDH, and far less antioxidant
enzymes like SOD, glutathion transferases or glutathion peroxidases
7. Immune System

greatly increased blood levels of immunoglobulin


bone marrow suppression leading to decline in neutrophil count

8. Increased Cancer Risk

alcoholic drinks directly damage cells in epithelial tissues causing problems


with DNA synthesis
prescence of acetaldehyde in the bloodstream may cause build up
(acetaldehyde is a highly reactive, toxic chemical)

Potrebbero piacerti anche