Thermodynamics:

Control Volume Analysis Using

Energy
S
Semester:
t
August-December 2015
Universidad de Guanajuato

Professor:
Dr. Francisco Elizalde Blancas
franciscoeb@ugto.mx
EXAMPLES

The velocity distribution for flow in a circular pipe of radius R carrying an

[ ]
incompressible liquid is given by the expression V = V0 1 (r / ,R )2 where r is the
radial distance from the pipe centerline and V0 is the centerline velocity. Derive
expressions for the mass flow rate and the average velocity of the flow flow, in terms
of V0 , R, and the liquid density .

Refrigerant 22 enters the condenser of a refrigeration system operating at steady

state at 12 bars, 50C, through a 2.5 cm diameter pipe. At the exit, the pressure is
12 bars, the temperature is 28C, and the velocity is 2.5 m/s. The mass flow rate of
the entering refrigerant is 5 kg/min
kg/min. Determine
(a) The velocity at the inlet, in m/s
(b) The diameter of the exit pipe, in cm
EXAMPLES

A control volume operating at steady state has one inlet and two exits. Using data
on the figure, determine (a) the mass flow rate at the inlet, in kg/s, (b) the mass
flow rate at 2, in kg/s, and (c) the velocity at 3, in m/s
EXAMPLES

Helium gas flows through a well insulated nozzle at steady state. The temperature
and velocity at the inlet are 600R and 175 ft/s, respectively. At the exit, the
temperature is 460R and the pressure is 50 lbf/in2. The mass flow rate is 1 lb/s.
Using the ideal gas model
model, and neglecting potential energy effects
effects, determine the exit
area, in ft2.
EXAMPLES
A wellll iinsulated
l t d tturbine
bi operating
ti att steady
t d state
t t iis sketched.
k t h d St
Steam enters
t att 3 MP
MPa,
400C, with a volumetric flow rate of 85 m3/min. Some steam is extracted from the
turbine at a pressure of 0.5 MPa and a temperature of 180C. The rest expands to
ap pressure of 6kPa and exits with a mass flow rate of 40 000 kg/h
g and a q quality
y of
90%. Determine
(a) The diameter, in m, of the duct through which steam is extracted, if the velocity
there is 20 m/s
(b) The power developed by the turbine, in kW and Btu/h
EXAMPLES

The cooling coil of an air conditioning system is a heat exchanger in which air
passes over tubes through which Refrigerant 22 flows. Air enters with a
volumetric flow rate of 40 m3/min at 27C, 1.1 bars, and exits at 15C, 1 bar.
Refrigerant enters the tubes at 7 bars with a quality of 16% and exits at 7 bars
bars,
15C. Ignoring heat transfer from the outside of the heat exchanger and
neglecting kinetic and potential energy effects, determine at steady state
(a) The mass flow rate of refrigerant,
refrigerant in kg/min
(b) The rate of energy transfer, in kJ/min, from the air to the refrigerant