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Woodstock
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

TheWoodstockMusic&ArtFairinformally,the
WoodstockFestivalorsimplyWoodstockwasamusic Woodstock
festivalattractinganaudienceofover400,000people,
scheduledoverthreedaysonadairyfarminNewYorkstate
fromAugust15to17,1969,butultimatelyranfourdays
long,endingAugust18,1969.[2]

Billedas"AnAquarianExposition:3DaysofPeace&
Music",itwasheldatMaxYasgur's600acre(240ha
0.94sqmi)dairyfarmintheCatskillsnearthehamletof
WhiteLakeinthetownofBethel.[2]Bethel,inSullivan
County,is43miles(69km)southwestofthetownof
Woodstock,NewYork,inadjoiningUlsterCounty.

Duringthesometimesrainyweekend,32actsperformed
outdoorsbeforeanaudienceof400,000people.[3]Itis
widelyregardedasapivotalmomentinpopularmusic
history,aswellasthedefinitivenexusforthelarger
ArnoldSkolnick(whodesignedthelogo)saysthat
counterculturegeneration.[4][5]
thedoveontheguitarwasactuallydesignedto
RollingStonelisteditasoneofthe50MomentsThat resembleacatbird(anditwasoriginallyperchedon
ChangedtheHistoryofRockandRoll.[6] aflute). [1]
Genre Rockandfolk,includingbluesrock,
TheeventwascapturedintheAcademyAwardwinning
1970documentarymovieWoodstock,anaccompanying folkrock,jazzfusion,hardrock,latin
soundtrackalbum,andJoniMitchell'ssong"Woodstock", rock,andpsychedelicrockstyles.
whichcommemoratedtheeventandbecameamajorhitfor Dates scheduled:August1517,1969,but
bothCrosby,Stills,Nash&YoungandMatthewsSouthern ranovertoAugust18
Comfort.In2017thefestivalsitewaslistedontheNational
Location(s) WhiteLake,NewYork
RegisterofHistoricPlaces.[7]
(siteoforiginalfestival)
Years Originalfestivalheldin1969
active namesakeeventsheldin1979,1989,
Contents 1994,1999and2009.

1 Planningandpreparation Founded MichaelLang,JohnP.Roberts,Joel

1.1 Selectionofthevenue by Rosenman,ArtieKornfeld
1.2 Freeconcert Website
2 Thefestival
2.1 Sound TheWoodstockFestivals(http://www.woodstock.co
2.2 Performingartists m)
2.3 Artistearnings
2.4 Declinedinvitationsandmissed
connections
2.5 Mediacoverage
3 Releases
3.1 Films
3.2 Albums
4 Aftermath
5 Legacy
5.1 Woodstocksitetoday
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5.2 Woodstock40thanniversary
6 Inpopularculture
7 Gallery
8 Seealso
9 References
10 Furtherreading
11 Externallinks

Planningandpreparation
WoodstockwasinitiatedthroughtheeffortsofMichaelLang,JohnRoberts,JoelRosenman,andArtie
Kornfeld.RobertsandRosenmanfinancedtheproject.Langhadsomeexperienceasapromoter,havingco
organizedasmallfestivalontheEastCoasttheprioryear,theMiamiPopFestival,whereanestimated25,000
peopleattendedthetwodayevent.Earlyin1969,RobertsandRosenmanwereNewYorkCityentrepreneurs,
intheprocessofbuildingMediaSound,alargeaudiorecordingstudiocomplexinManhattan.Langand
Kornfeld'slawyer,MilesLourie,whohaddonelegalworkontheMediaSoundproject,suggestedthatthey
contactRobertsandRosenmanaboutfinancingasimilar,butmuchsmaller,studioKornfeldandLanghopedto
buildinWoodstock,NewYork.UnpersuadedbythisStudiointheWoodsproposal,RobertsandRosenman
counterproposedaconcertfeaturingthekindofartistsknowntofrequenttheWoodstockarea(suchasBob
DylanandTheBand).KornfeldandLangagreedtothenewplan,andWoodstockVentureswasformedin
January1969.[8]Thecompanyofficeswerelocatedinanoddlydecoratedfloorof47West57thStreetin
Manhattan.BurtCohen,andhisdesigngroup,CurtainCallProductions,oversawthepsychedelic
transformationoftheoffice.[9]

Fromthestart,thereweredifferencesinapproachamongthefour:Robertswasdisciplinedandknewwhatwas
neededfortheventuretosucceed,whilethelaidbackLangsawWoodstockasanew,"relaxed"wayof
bringingentrepreneurstogether.[10]WhenLangwasunabletofindasitefortheconcert,Robertsand
Rosenman,growingincreasinglyconcerned,tooktotheroadandeventuallycameupwithavenue.Similar
differencesaboutfinancialdisciplinemadeRobertsandRosenmanwonderwhethertopulltheplugorto
continuepumpingmoneyintotheproject.[10]

InApril1969,newlymintedsuperstarsCreedenceClearwaterRevivalbecamethefirstacttosignacontractfor
theevent,agreeingtoplayfor$10,000.Thepromotershadexperienceddifficultylandingbignamegroups
priortoCreedencecommittingtoplay.CreedencedrummerDougCliffordlatercommented,"OnceCreedence
signed,everyoneelsejumpedinlineandalltheotherbigactscameon."Giventheir3:00a.m.starttimeand
omissionfromtheWoodstockfilm(atCreedencefrontmanJohnFogerty'sinsistence),Creedencemembershave
expressedbitternessovertheirexperiencesatthefamedfestival.[11]

Woodstockwasdesignedasaprofitmakingventure,aptlytitled"WoodstockVentures".Itfamouslybecamea
"freeconcert"onlyaftertheeventdrewhundredsofthousandsmorepeoplethantheorganizershadprepared
for.Ticketsforthethreedayeventcost$18inadvanceand$24atthegate(equivalenttoabout$120and$160
today[12]).TicketsaleswerelimitedtorecordstoresinthegreaterNewYorkCityarea,orbymailviaapost
officeboxattheRadioCityStationPostOfficelocatedinMidtownManhattan.Around186,000advance
ticketsweresold,andtheorganizersanticipatedapproximately200,000festivalgoerswouldturnup.[13]

Selectionofthevenue

TheoriginalvenueplanwasforthefestivaltotakeplaceinWoodstock,NewYork,possiblyneartheproposed
recordingstudiositeownedbyAlexanderTapooz.Afterlocalresidentsquicklyshotdownthatidea,Langand
KornfeldthoughttheyhadfoundanotherpossiblelocationinSaugerties,NewYork.Buttheyhad
misunderstood,asthelandowner'sattorneymadeclear,inabriefmeetingwithRobertsandRosenman.[8]
Growingalarmedatthelackofprogress,RobertsandRosenmantookoverthesearchforavenue,and
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discoveredthe300acre(120ha)MillsIndustrialPark(412839N742149W)inthetownofWallkill,New
York,whichWoodstockVenturesleasedfor$10,000intheSpringof1969.[1]Townofficialswereassuredthat
nomorethan50,000wouldattend.Townresidentsimmediatelyopposedtheproject.InearlyJuly,theTown
Boardpassedalawrequiringapermitforanygatheringover5,000people.OnJuly15,1969,theWallkill
ZoningBoardofAppealsofficiallybannedtheconcertonthebasisthattheplannedportabletoiletswouldnot
meettowncode.[14]Reportsoftheban,however,turnedouttobeapublicitybonanzaforthefestival.[15]

MaxYasgur'sdairyfarmin1968
Inhis2007bookTakingWoodstock,ElliotTiberrelatesthatheoffered
tohosttheeventonhis15acres(6.1ha)motelgrounds,andhada
permitforsuchanevent.Heclaimstohaveintroducedthepromotersto
dairyfarmerMaxYasgur.[16]Lang,however,disputesTiber'saccount
andsaysthatTiberintroducedhimtoarealtor,whodrovehimto
Yasgur'sfarmwithoutTiber.SamYasgur,Max'sson,agreeswithLang's
account.[17]Yasgur'slandformedanaturalbowlslopingdownto
FilippiniPondontheland'snorthside.Thestagewouldbesetupatthe
bottomofthehillwithFilippiniPondformingabackdrop.Thepond
wouldbecomeapopularskinnydippingdestination.

TheorganizersonceagaintoldBethelauthoritiestheyexpectednomorethan50,000people.

Despiteresidentoppositionandsignsproclaiming,"BuyNoMilk.StopMax'sHippyMusicFestival",[18]
BethelTownAttorneyFrederickW.V.SchadtandbuildinginspectorDonaldClarkapprovedthepermits,but
theBethelTownBoardrefusedtoissuethemformally.Clarkwasorderedtopoststopworkorders.

Freeconcert

Thelatechangeinvenuedidnotgivethefestivalorganizersenoughtimetoprepare.Atameetingthreedays
beforetheevent,organizersfelttheyhadtwooptions:onewastocompletethefencingandticketbooths,
withoutwhichthepromoterswerealmostcertaintolosetheirshirtstheotheroptioninvolvedputtingtheir
remainingavailableresourcesintobuildingthestage,withoutwhichthepromotersfearedtheywouldhavea
disappointedanddisgruntledaudience.Whentheaudiencebeganarrivingbythetensofthousands,thenext
day,onWednesdaybeforetheweekend,thedecisionhadbeenmadeforthem.[8]"ThefencesatWoodstock"
becameanoxymoron,whilethestageatWoodstockgavebirthtoalegend.

Thefestival
TheinfluxofattendeestotheruralconcertsiteinBethelcreateda
massivetrafficjam.Fearingchaosasthousandsbegandescendingon
thecommunity,Betheldidnotenforceitscodes.[14]Eventually,
announcementsonradiostationsasfarawayasWNEWFMin
Manhattananddescriptionsofthetrafficjamsontelevisionnews
discouragedpeoplefromsettingofftothefestival.[19][20]ArloGuthrie
madeanannouncementthatwasincludedinthefilmsayingthatthe
NewYorkStateThruwaywasclosed.[21]ThedirectoroftheWoodstock
museumdiscussedbelowsaidthisneveroccurred.[22]Toaddtothe Partofthecrowdonthefirstdayof
problemsanddifficultyindealingwiththelargecrowds,recentrains thefestival
hadcausedmuddyroadsandfields.Thefacilitieswerenotequippedto
providesanitationorfirstaidforthenumberofpeopleattending
hundredsofthousandsfoundthemselvesinastruggleagainstbadweather,foodshortages,andpoor
sanitation.[23]

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OnthemorningofSunday,August17,NewYorkGovernorNelsonRockefellercalledfestivalorganizerJohn
Robertsandtoldhimhewasthinkingofordering10,000NewYorkStateNationalGuardtroopstothefestival.
RobertswassuccessfulinpersuadingRockefellernottodothis.SullivanCountydeclaredastateof
emergency.[19]Duringthefestival,personnelfromnearbyStewartAirForceBaseassistedinhelpingtoensure
orderandairliftingperformersinandoutoftheconcertvenue.[24]

JimiHendrixwasthelastacttoperformatthefestival.BecauseoftheraindelaysthatSunday,whenHendrix
finallytookthestageitwas8:30Mondaymorning.Theaudience,whichhadpeakedatanestimated400,000
duringthefestival,wasnowreducedtoabout30,000bythatpointmanyofthemmerelywaitedtocatcha
glimpseofHendrixbeforeleavingduringhisperformance.[25]

Hendrixandhisnewband,GypsySunandRainbows(introducedasTheExperience,butcorrectedbyHendrix)
[26]performedatwohourset.HispsychedelicrenditionoftheU.S.nationalanthem,"TheStarSpangled
Banner"occurredaboutthreequartersintotheset(afterwhichheseguedinto"PurpleHaze").Thesongwould
become"partofthesixtiesZeitgeist"asitwascapturedforeverintheWoodstockfilm[27]Hendrix'simage
performingthisnumberwearingabluebeadedwhiteleatherjacketwithfringeandaredheadscarfhassince
beenregardedasadefiningmomentofthe1960s.[25][28]

Althoughthefestivalwasremarkablypeacefulgiventhe
numberofpeopleandtheconditionsinvolved,therewere
Wewerereadytorockoutandwe
tworecordedfatalities:onefromwhatwasbelievedtobea waitedandwaitedandfinallyitwasour
heroinoverdose,andanothercausedinanaccidentwhena turn...therewereahalfmillionpeople
tractorranoveranattendeesleepinginanearbyhayfield. asleep.Thesepeoplewereout.Itwas
Therealsoweretwobirthsrecordedattheevent(oneinacar sortoflikeapaintingofaDantescene,
justbodiesfromhell,allintertwined
caughtintrafficandanotherinahospitalafteranairliftby
andasleep,coveredwithmud.
helicopter)andfourmiscarriages.[29]Oraltestimonyinthe
filmsupportstheoverdoseandrunoverdeathsandatleast AndthisisthemomentIwillnever
onebirth,alongwithmanylogisticalheadaches. forgetaslongasIlive:Aquartermile
awayinthedarkness,ontheotheredge
ofthisbowl,therewassomeguy
Yet,intunewiththeidealistichopesofthe1960s,Woodstock flickinghisBic,andinthenightIhear,
satisfiedmostattendees.Therewasasenseofsocial 'Don'tworryaboutit,John.We'rewith
harmony,which,withthequalityofmusic,andthe you.'Iplayedtherestoftheshowfor
overwhelmingmassofpeople,manysportingbohemian thatguy.
dress,behavior,andattitudes,helpedtomakeitoneofthe
JohnFogertyrecallingCreedence
enduringeventsofthecentury.[30] ClearwaterRevival's3:30amstarttime
atWoodstock[11]
Aftertheconcert,MaxYasgur,whoownedthesiteofthe
event,sawitasavictoryofpeaceandlove.Hespokeofhow
nearlyhalfamillionpeoplefilledwithpotentialfordisaster,riot,looting,andcatastrophespentthethreedays
withmusicandpeaceontheirminds.Hestated,"Ifwejointhem,wecanturnthoseadversitiesthatarethe
problemsofAmericatodayintoahopeforabrighterandmorepeacefulfuture..."[10]

Sound

SoundfortheconcertwasengineeredbysoundengineerBillHanley."Itworkedverywell,"hesaysofthe
event."Ibuiltspecialspeakercolumnsonthehillsandhad16loudspeakerarraysinasquareplatformgoingup
tothehillon70foot(21m)towers.Wesetitupfor150,000to200,000people.Ofcourse,500,000showed
up."[31]ALTECdesignedmarineplywoodcabinetsthatweighedhalfatonapieceandstood6feet(1.8m)tall,
almost4feet(1.2m)deep,and3feet(0.91m)wide.Eachoftheseenclosurescarriedfour15inch(380mm)
JBLD140loudspeakers.Thetweetersconsistedof42Cell&210CellAltecHorns.Behindthestagewere
threetransformersproviding2,000amperesofcurrenttopowertheamplificationsetup.[32]Formanyyearsthis
systemwascollectivelyreferredtoastheWoodstockBins.[33]

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Performingartists

Thirtytwoactsperformedoverthecourseofthefourdays:[34]

Friday,August15Saturday,August16
Artist Time Notes
5:07pm7:00
RichieHavens
pm
Swami 7:10pm7:20 Gavetheopeningspeech/invocationfor
Satchidananda pm thefestival.[35]
7:30pm8:10
Sweetwater
pm
8:20pm9:15
BertSommer TheOriginalWoodstock
pm
PosterwiththeWallkill,
9:20pm9:45
TimHardin NewYorklocation
pm
10:00pm
RaviShankar Playedthroughtherain.
10:35pm
10:50pm
Melanie
11:20pm
11:55pm
ArloGuthrie
12:25am
12:55am2:00
JoanBaez Wassixmonthspregnantatthetime.
am

Magazineadvertisement
promotingtheWoodstock
Music&ArtFair's
"AquarianExposition,"tobe
heldinWallkill,NY.

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Saturday,August16Sunday,August17
Artist Time Notes
Quill 12:15pm12:45pm
CountryJoe
1:00pm1:30pm JoelaterperformedtogetherwithTheFish.
McDonald
Aged20,[36]MichaelShrieve,theband'sdrummer,wasthe
Santana 2:00pm2:45pm
youngestmusiciantoplayatthefestival.[37]
Sebastianwasnotonthebill,butratherwasattendingthefestival,
JohnSebastian 3:30pm3:55pm andwasrecruitedtoperformwhilethepromoterswaitedformany
ofthescheduledperformerstoarrive.
KeefHartley
4:45pm5:30pm
Band
TheIncredible
6:00pm6:30pm
StringBand
CannedHeat 7:30pm8:30pm
Mountain 9:00pm10:00pm Thisperformancewasonlytheirthirdgigasaband[38]
Theirsetwascutshortafterthestageampsoverloadedduring
GratefulDead 10:30pm12:05am
"TurnOnYourLoveLight".
Creedence
Clearwater 12:30am1:20am
Revival
JanisJoplinwith
TheKozmic 2:00am3:00am
BluesBand[39]
Slyandthe
3:30am4:20am
FamilyStone
TheWho 5:00am6:05am BrieflyinterruptedbyAbbieHoffman.[40]
Jefferson JoinedonstagebyformerJeffBeckGrouppianoplayerNicky
8:00am9:40am
Airplane Hopkins.

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Sunday,August17Monday,August18
Artist Time Notes
JoeCockerandThe 2:00pm Played"WithALittleHelpFromMyFriends."[41]AfterJoeCocker'sset,
GreaseBand 3:25pm athunderstormdisruptedtheeventsforseveralhours.
CountryJoeandthe 6:30pm
CountryJoeMcDonald'ssecondperformance.
Fish 8:00pm
8:15pm
TenYearsAfter
9:15pm
10:00pm
TheBand
10:50pm
12:00am
JohnnyWinter Winter'sbrother,EdgarWinter,isfeaturedonthreesongs.
1:05am
1:30am
Blood,Sweat&Tears
2:30am
Crosby,Stills,Nash 3:00am Anacousticandelectricsetwereplayed.NeilYoungskippedmostofthe
&Young 4:00am acousticset.
PaulButterfieldBlues 6:00am
Band 6:45am
7:30am
ShaNaNa
8:00am
JimiHendrix/Gypsy 9:00am Performedtoaconsiderablysmallercrowdoffewerthan200,000
Sun&Rainbows 11:10am people.[42]

Artistearnings
JimiHendrix$30,000fortwosetsplus$2,000forexpenses.NoteTherewasacapof$15,000per
artistatWoodstocksoadealwasmadeforHendrixtoplaytwosets,anacousticsetandasetwithhis
band.[43]
Blood,Sweat&Tears$15,000
JoanBaez$10,000
CreedenceClearwaterRevival$10,000
TheBand$7,500
JanisJoplin$7,500
JeffersonAirplane$7,500
SlyandtheFamilyStone$7,000
CannedHeat$6,500
TheWho$6,250(alsoreportedat$11,200butVarietyclaimedthatnumberwasinaccurate)
RichieHavens$6,000
ArloGuthrie$5,000
Crosby,Stills,Nash&Young$5,000
RaviShankar$4,500
JohnnyWinter$3,750
TenYearsAfter$3,250
CountryJoeandtheFish$2,500
GratefulDead$2,500
TheIncredibleStringBand$2,250
Mountain$2,000
TimHardin$2,000
JoeCocker$1,375
Sweetwater$1,250
JohnB.Sebastian$1,000
Melanie$750

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Santana$750
ShaNaNa$700
KeefHartley$500
Quill$375
PaulButterfieldBluesBandfiguresnotavailable
BertSommerfiguresnotavailable

IronButterflywastohavereceived$5,000plusanadditional$5,000fortheirlightshow.Theynevershowed.

Declinedinvitationsandmissedconnections
BobDylan,inwhose"backyard"thefestivalwasheld,wasneverinseriousnegotiation.Instead,Dylan
signedinmidJulytoplaytheIsleofWightFestivalofMusic,onAugust31.DylansetsailforEngland
onQueenElizabeth2onAugust15,thedaytheWoodstockFestivalstarted.Hissonwasinjuredbya
cabindoorandthefamilydisembarked.Dylan,withhiswifeSara,flewtoEnglandthefollowingweek.
Dylanhadbeenunhappyaboutthenumberofhippiespilingupoutsidehishouseinthenearbytownof
Woodstock.[44]
TheJeffBeckGroup:JeffBeckdisbandedthegrouppriortoWoodstock."Ideliberatelybrokethegroup
upbeforeWoodstock",Becksaid."Ididn'twantittobepreserved."Interestingly,itwastohavebeenthe
firsttimethatBeckwouldperformwithTimBogertandCarmineAppice.Also,Beck'spianoplayer
NickyHopkinsperformedwithJeffersonAirplane.[45]
TheDoorswereconsideredasapotentialperformingbandbutcanceledatthelastmoment.Accordingto
guitaristRobbyKrieger,theyturneditdownbecausetheythoughtitwouldbea"secondclassrepeatof
MontereyPopFestival"andlaterregrettedthatdecision.[46]
LedZeppelinwasaskedtoperform,theirmanagerPeterGrantstated:"WewereaskedtodoWoodstock
andAtlanticwereverykeen,andsowasourU.S.promoter,FrankBarsalona.Isaidnobecauseat
Woodstockwe'dhavejustbeenanotherbandonthebill."However,thegroupdidplaythefirstAtlanta
InternationalPopFestivalonJuly5,asoneof22bandsatthetwodayevent.Woodstockweekend,
ZeppelinperformedsouthofthefestivalattheAsburyParkConventionHallinNewJersey.Theironly
timeouttakenwastoattendElvisPresley'sshowattheInternationalHotelinLasVegas,onAugust
12.[47]
TheByrdswereinvited,butchosenottoparticipate,figuringWoodstocktobenodifferentfromanyof
theothermusicfestivalsthatsummer.Therewerealsoconcernsaboutmoney.AsbassistJohnYork
remembers:"WewereflyingtoagigandRoger[McGuinn]cameuptousandsaidthataguywas
puttingonafestivalinupstateNewYork.Butatthatpointtheyweren'tpayingallofthebands.Heasked
usifwewantedtodoitandwesaid,'No'.Wehadnoideawhatitwasgoingtobe.Wewereburnedout
andtiredofthefestivalscene.[...]Soallofussaid,'No,wewantarest'andmissedthebestfestivalof
all."[48]
Chicago,atthetimestillknownastheChicagoTransitAuthority,hadinitiallybeensignedontoplayat
Woodstock.However,theyhadacontractwithconcertpromoterBillGraham,whichallowedhimto
moveChicago'sconcertsattheFillmoreWest.HerescheduledsomeoftheirdatestoAugust17,thus
forcingthebandtobackoutoftheconcert.GrahamdidsotoensurethatSantana,whichhemanagedat
thetime,wouldtaketheirslotatthefestival.AccordingtosingerandbassistPeterCetera,"Weweresort
ofpeevedathimforpullingthatone."[49]
TommyJamesandtheShondellsdeclinedaninvitation.LeadsingerTommyJamesstatedlater:"We
couldhavejustkickedourselves.WewereinHawaii,andmysecretarycalledandsaid,'Yeah,listen,
there'sthispigfarmerinupstateNewYorkthatwantsyoutoplayinhisfield.'That'showitwasputto
me.Sowepassed,andwerealizedwhatwe'dmissedacoupleofdayslater."[50]
TheMoodyBlueswereincludedontheoriginalWallkillposterasperformers,butdecidedtobackout
afterbeingbookedinParisthesameweekend.[51]
FrankZappaandtheMothersofInvention,accordingtotheClassofthe20thCenturyU.S.television
special,isquotedassaying"AlotofmudatWoodstock...Wewereinvitedtoplaythere,weturnedit
down.'[51]
ArthurLeeandLovedeclinedtheinvitation,butMojoMagazinelaterdescribedinnerturmoilwithinthe
bandwhichcausedtheirabsenceattheWoodstockfestival.[51]

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Freewasaskedtoperformanddeclined.[51]Theydid,howeverplayattheIsleofWightFestivalayear
laterin1970.
MindGaragedeclinedbecausetheythoughtthefestivalwouldbenohugedealandtheyhadahigher
payinggigelsewhere.[51]
Spiritalsodeclinedaninvitationtoplay,astheyalreadyhadshowsplannedandwantedtoplaythose
instead,notknowinghowbigWoodstockwouldbe.[52]
JoniMitchellwasoriginallyslatedtoperform,butcanceledattheurgingofhermanagertoavoidmissing
ascheduledappearanceonTheDickCavettShow.[53][54]
LighthousedeclinedtoperformatWoodstock.[55]
RoyRogerswasaskedbyLangtoclosethefestivalwithHappyTrailsbuthedeclined.[56]
ProcolHarumwasinvitedbutrefusedbecauseWoodstockfellattheendofalongtourandalso
coincidedwiththeduedateofguitaristRobinTrower'sbaby.[57]
JethroTullalsodeclined.AccordingtofrontmanIanAnderson,heknewitwouldbeabigeventbuthe
didnotwanttogobecausehedidnotlikehippiesandotherconcernsincludinginappropriatenudity.[58]
IronButterflywasbookedtoappear,andislistedontheWoodstockposterforaSundayperformance,but
couldnotperformbecausetheywerestuckatanairport.[59]
RavenattorneyMilesLaurie,oneofMichaelLang'slawyerssetupameetingwithRavenmanager,
MartyAngeloandofferedhisbandaspotonthelineupbutonlyiftheysignedacontractwithLangtobe
Raven'srecordproducerand10%offutureearnings.Raventurneddownhisofferbasedonthefactthat
theyearbeforethebandplayedatoneofWoodstock's"SoundOuts"andthegigdidn'tgowell.Lang
assuredthemthathisconcertwasgoingtobedifferent.Thebandrespectfullydeclined.[60]
BluesImage,accordingtoa2011interviewwithpercussionistJoeLala,agreedtoappearatthe
Woodstockfestival.Theirmanagerdidnotwantthemtogoandsaid,"Theresonlyoneroadinandits
goingtoberaining,youdontwanttobethere".Thebandmembersweredisappointedandinresponse
said,"Dontyouthinkitllbebeneficialthatwerethere?Thebandinsteadtookagigat
Binghamton.[61]

Mediacoverage

Veryfewreportersfromoutsidetheimmediateareawereonthescene.Duringthefirstfewdaysofthefestival,
nationalmediacoverageemphasizedtheproblems.FrontpageheadlinesintheDailyNewsread"Traffic
UptightatHippiefest"and"HippiesMiredinaSeaofMud".Coveragebecamemorepositivebytheendofthe
festival,inpartbecausetheparentsofconcertgoerscalledthemediaandtoldthem,basedontheirchildren's
phonecalls,thattheirreportingwasmisleading.[19][62]

TheNewYorkTimescoveredthepreludetothefestivalandthemovefromWallkilltoBethel.[18]Barnard
Collier,whoreportedfromtheeventforTheNewYorkTimes,assertsthathewaspressuredbyondutyeditors
atthepapertowriteamisleadinglynegativearticleabouttheevent.AccordingtoCollier,thisledto
acrimoniousdiscussionsandhisthreattorefusetowritethearticleuntilthepaper'sexecutiveeditor,James
Reston,agreedtolethimwritethearticleashesawfit.Theeventualarticledealtwithissuesoftrafficjamsand
minorlawbreaking,butwentontoemphasizecooperation,generosity,andthegoodnatureofthefestival
goers.[19][62]Whenthefestivalwasover,Collierwroteanotherarticleabouttheexodusoffansfromthefestival
siteandthelackofviolenceattheevent.Thechiefmedicalofficerfortheeventandseverallocalresidents
werequotedaspraisingthefestivalgoers.[29][63]

Middletown,NewYork'sTimesHeraldRecord,theonlylocaldailynewspaper,editorializedagainstthelaw
thatbannedthefestivalfromWallkill.DuringthefestivalarareSaturdayeditionwaspublished.Thepaperhad
theonlyphonelinerunningoutofthesite,anditusedamotorcyclisttogetstoriesandpicturesfromthe
impassablecrowdtothenewspaper'soffice35miles(56km)awayinMiddletown.[1][64][65][66]

Releases
Films
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ThedocumentaryfilmWoodstock,directedbyMichaelWadleighandeditedbyThelmaSchoonmakerand
MartinScorsese,wasreleasedin1970.ArtieKornfeld(oneofthepromotersofthefestival)wenttoFred
Weintraub,anexecutiveatWarnerBros.,andaskedformoneytofilmthefestival.Artiehadbeenturneddown
everywhereelse,butagainsttheexpresswishesofotherWarnerBros.executives,Weintraubputhisjobonthe
lineandgaveKornfeld$100,000tomakethefilm.WoodstockhelpedtosaveWarnerBrosatatimewhenthe
companywasonthevergeofgoingoutofbusiness.ThebookEasyRiders,RagingBullsdetailsthemakingof
thefilm.

Wadleighroundedupacrewofabout100fromtheNewYorkfilmscene.Withnomoneytopaythecrew,he
agreedtoadoubleornothingscheme,inwhichthecrewwouldreceivedoublepayifthefilmsucceededand
nothingifitbombed.Wadleighstrovetomakethefilmasmuchaboutthehippiesasthemusic,listeningto
theirfeelingsaboutcompellingeventscontemporaneouswiththefestival(suchastheVietnamWar),aswellas
theviewsofthetownspeople.[67]

WoodstockreceivedtheAcademyAwardforDocumentaryFeature.[68]Thefilmhasbeendeemedculturally
significantbytheUnitedStatesLibraryofCongress.In1994,Woodstock:TheDirector'sCutwasreleasedand
expandedtoincludeJanisJoplinaswellasadditionalperformancesbyJeffersonAirplane,JimiHendrix,and
CannedHeatnotseenintheoriginalversionofthefilm.In2009,theexpanded40thAnniversaryEditionwas
releasedonDVD.Thisreleasemarksthefilm'sfirstavailabilityonBluraydisc.

AnotherfilmonWoodstocknamedTakingWoodstockwasproducedin2009byTaiwaneseAmerican
filmmakerAngLee.[69]LeepracticallyrentedouttheentiretownofNewLebanon,NewYork,toshootthe
film.Hewasconcernedwithangeringthelocals,buttheyendedupbeingincrediblywelcomingandexcitedto
helpwiththefilm.[70]ThemovieisbasedonElliotTiber,playedbyDemetriMartin,andhisroleinbringing
WoodstocktoBethel,NewYork.ThefilmalsostarsJonathanGroffasMichaelLangandHenryGoodmanand
ImeldaStauntonasJakeandSoniaTeichberg.[71]

Albums

Twosoundtrackalbumswerereleased.Thefirst,Woodstock:MusicfromtheOriginalSoundtrackandMore,
wasa3LP(later2CD)albumcontainingasamplingofoneortwosongsbymostoftheactswhoperformed.
Ayearlater,Woodstock2wasreleasedasa2LPalbum.Bothalbumsincludedrecordingsofstage
announcements(e.g.,"[We'retold]thatthebrownacidisnotspecificallytoogood","Hey,ifyouthinkreally
hard,maybewecanstopthisrain")andcrowdnoises(i.e.,therainchant)betweensongs.In1994,athird
album,WoodstockDiarywasreleased.Tracksfromallthreealbums,aswellasnumerousadditional,previously
unreleasedperformancesfromthefestivalbutnotthestageannouncementsandcrowdnoises,werereissuedby
Atlanticasa4CDboxsettitledWoodstock:ThreeDaysofPeaceandMusic.

AnalbumtitledJimiHendrix:Woodstockalsowasreleasedin1994,featuringonlyselectedrecordingsofJimi
Hendrixatthefestival.Alongerdoublediscset,LiveatWoodstock(1999)featuresnearlyeverysongof
Hendrix'sperformance,omittingjusttwopiecesthatweresungbyhisrhythmguitarist.

In2009,JoeCockerreleasedalivealbumofhisentireWoodstockset.Thealbumcontainedeleventracks,ten
ofwhichwerepreviouslyunreleased.

In2009,completeperformancesfromWoodstockbySantana,JanisJoplin,Sly&theFamilyStone,Jefferson
Airplane,andJohnnyWinterwerereleasedseparatelybyLegacy/SMERecords,andwerealsocollectedina
boxsettitledTheWoodstockExperience.Also,in2009,Rhino/AtlanticRecordsissueda6CDboxsettitled
Woodstock:40YearsOn:BacktoYasgur'sFarm,whichincludedfurthermusicalperformancesaswellasstage
announcementsandotherancillarymaterial.[72]

Aftermath

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MaxYasgurrefusedtorentouthisfarmfora1970revivalofthe
festival,saying,"AsfarasIknow,I'mgoingbacktorunningadairy
farm."Yasgurdiedin1973.[75]

Bethelvoterstossedouttheirsupervisorinanelectionheldin
November1969becauseofhisroleinbringingthefestivaltothetown.
NewYorkStateandthetownofBethelpassedmassgatheringlaws
designedtopreventanymorefestivalsfromoccurring.

In1984,attheoriginalfestivalsite,landownersLouisNickyandJune
Gelishputupamonumentmarkerwithplaquescalled"Peaceand PeaceandMusicWoodstock
Music"byalocalsculptorfromnearbyBloomingburg,WayneC. monumentwithplaquesbysculptor
Saward(19572009).[73][76] WayneC.Saward[73]anderectedin
1984onthefestivalsite.(Notethat
Attemptsweremadetopreventpeoplefromvisitingthesite,itsowners JohnSebastian'ssurnameis
spreadchickenmanure,andduringoneanniversary,tractorsandstate
misspelledas"Sabastian")[74]
policecarsformedroadblocks.Twentythousandpeoplegatheredatthe
sitein1989duringanimpromptu20thanniversarycelebration.In1997
acommunitygroupputupawelcomingsignforvisitors.UnlikeBethel,thetownofWoodstockmadeseveral
effortstocashinonitsnotoriety.Bethel'sstancechangedinrecentyears,andthetownnowembracesthe
festival.EffortshavebeguntoforgealinkbetweenBethelandWoodstock.[77]

Approximately80lawsuitswerefiledagainstWoodstockVentures,primarilybyfarmersinthearea.Themovie
financedsettlementsandpaidoffthe$1.4millionofdebtWoodstockVentureshadincurredfromthe
festival.[19]

Legacy
Woodstocksitetoday

In1984,aplaquewasplacedattheoriginalsitecommemoratingthe
festival.[78]Thefieldandthestagearearemainpreservedintheirrural
settingandthefieldsoftheYasgurfarmarestillvisitedbypeopleofall
generations.[79]

In1996,thesiteoftheconcertand1,400acres(5.7km2)surrounding
waspurchasedbycabletelevisionpioneerAlanGerryforthepurposeof
creatingtheBethelWoodsCenterfortheArts.[80]TheCenteropenedon
July1,2006,withaperformancebytheNewYorkPhilharmonic.[81]On
August13,2006,Crosby,Stills,Nash&Youngperformedbefore MaxYasgur'sfarmin1999
16,000fansatthenewCenter37yearsaftertheirhistoricperformance
atWoodstock.[82]

TheMuseumatBethelWoodsopenedonJune2,2008.[83]TheMuseumcontainsfilmandinteractivedisplays,
textpanels,andartifactsthatexploretheuniqueexperienceoftheWoodstockfestival,itssignificanceasthe
culminatingeventofadecadeofradicalculturaltransformation,andthelegacyoftheSixtiesandWoodstock
today.[83]

TheashesofthelateRichieHavenswerescatteredacrossthesiteonAugust18,2013.[84]

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Inlate2016NewYork'sStateHistoricPreservationOfficeappliedtotheNationalParkServicetohave600
acres(240ha)includingthesiteofthefestivalandadjacentareasusedforcampgrounds,allofwhichstill
appearmostlyastheydidin1969astheywerenotredevelopedwhenBethelWoodswasbuilt,listedonthe
NationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces.[85]

Woodstock40thanniversary

Therewasworldwidemediainterestinthe40thanniversaryofWoodstockin2009.[86]Anumberofactivities
tocommemoratethefestivaltookplacearoundtheworld.OnAugust15,attheBethelWoodsCenterforthe
Artsoverlookingtheoriginalsite,thelargestassemblyofWoodstockperformingalumnisincetheoriginal
1969festivalperformedinaneighthourconcertinfrontofasoldoutcrowd.HostedbyCountryJoe
McDonald,theconcertfeaturedBigBrotherandtheHoldingCompanyperformingJanisJoplin'shits(she
actuallyappearedwiththeKozmicBluesBandatWoodstock,althoughthatbanddidfeatureformerBig
BrotherguitaristSamAndrew),CannedHeat,TenYearsAfter,JeffersonStarship,Mountain,andthe
headliners,TheLevonHelmBand.AtWoodstock,LevonHelmplayeddrumsandwasoneoftheleadvocalists
withTheBand.PaulKantnerwastheonlymemberofthe1969JeffersonAirplanelineuptoappearwith
JeffersonStarship.TomConstanten,whoplayedkeyboardwiththeGratefulDeadatWoodstock,joined
JeffersonStarshiponstageforseveralnumbers.JockoMarcellinofromShaNaNaalsoappeared,backedupby
CannedHeat.[87]RichieHavens,whoopenedtheWoodstockfestivalin1969,appearedataseparateeventthe
previousnight.[88]Crosby,Stills&NashandArloGuthriealsomarkedtheanniversarywithliveperformances
atBethelearlierinAugust2009.

AnothereventoccurredinHawkhurst,Kent(UK),ataSummerofLoveparty,withactsincludingtwoofthe
participantsattheoriginalWoodstock,BarryMeltonofCountryJoeandtheFishandRobinWilliamsonofThe
IncredibleStringBand,plusSantanaandGratefulDeadcoverbands.[89]OnAugust14and15,2009,a40th
anniversarytributeconcertwasheldinWoodstock,ILandwastheonlyfestivaltoreceivetheofficialblessing
ofthe"FatherofWoodstock",ArtieKornfeld.[90]KornfeldlatermadeanappearanceinWoodstockwiththe
event'spromoters.

Alsoin2009,MichaelLangandHollyGeorgeWarrenpublishedTheRoadtoWoodstock,whichdescribes
Lang'sinvolvementinthecreationoftheWoodstockMusic&ArtsFestival,andincludespersonalstoriesand
quotesfromcentralfiguresinvolvedintheevent.

Inpopularculture
Asoneofthebiggestrockfestivalsofalltimeandaculturaltouchstoneforthelatesixties,Woodstockhas
beenreferencedinmanydifferentwaysinpopularculture.Thephrase"theWoodstockgeneration"becamepart
ofthecommonlexicon.[91]Tributesandparodiesofthefestivalbeganalmostassoonasthefinalchords
sounded.CartoonistCharlesSchulznamedhisrecurringPeanutsbirdcharacterwhichbeganappearingin
1966butwasyetunnamedWoodstockintributetothefestival.[92]InApril1970,Madmagazinepublisheda
poembyFrankJacobsandillustratedbySergioAragonstitled"IRemember,IRememberTheWondrous
WoodstockMusicFair"thatparodiesthetrafficjamsandthechallengesofgettingcloseenoughtoactually
hearthemusic.[93]KeithRobertson's1970children'sbookHenryReed'sBigShowhasthetitlecharacter
attemptingtoemulatethesuccessofthefestivalbymountinghisownconcertathisuncle'sfarm.In1973,the
stageshowNationalLampoon'sLemmingsportrayedthe"Woodchuck"festival,featuringparodiesofmany
Woodstockperformers.[94]

MorerecentculturecontinuestorememberWoodstock,withTimemagazinenaming"TheWhoatWoodstock
1969"tothemagazine's"Top10MusicFestivalMoments"listonMarch18,2010.[95]

In2005,ArgentinewriterEdgarBraupublishedWoodstock,alongpoemcommemoratingthefestival.An
EnglishtranslationofthepoemwaspublishedinJanuary2007byWordsWithoutBorders.[96]
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WadhamCollege,oneoftheconstituentcollegesoftheUniversityofOxford,hostsanannualmusicandarts
festivalinitsgardens,named'Wadstock',aftertheWoodstockfestival.[97]

Gallery

Openingceremonyat Arainyday(August15,1969) TwohippiesatWoodstock

Woodstock.Swami
Satchidanandagivingthe
openingspeech

JoeCockerandtheGreaseBand PhototakennearWoodstockon RichieHavensattheWoodstock

performingatWoodstock August18,1969 Festival

TentsattheWoodstockFestival

Seealso
WoodstockJazzFestival
Nambassa
PrzystanekWoodstock(WoodstockFestivalPoland)
Sunbury
Listofhistoricmusicfestivals
NationalRegisterofHistoricPlaceslistingsinSullivanCounty,NewYork

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Furtherreading
Blelock,WestonBlelock,Julia,eds.(2009).Rootsofthe1969WoodstockFestival:TheBackstoryto
"Woodstock" .WoodstockArts.ISBN9780967926858.
Kirkpatrick,Rob(2009).1969:TheYearEverythingChanged.SkyhorsePublishing.ISBN978160239
3660.
Kornfeld,Artie(2009).ThePiedPiperofWoodstock.SpiritoftheWoodstockNationLLC.ISBN9780
615325996.
Lang,Michael(2009).WoodstockExperience.GenesisPublications.ISBN9781905662098.
Lang,Michael(2009).TheRoadtoWoodstock.EccoPublishing.ISBN9780061576553.
Makower,Joel(2009).Woodstock:TheOralHistory,40thAnniversaryEdition.SUNYPress/Excelsior
Editions.ISBN9781438429748.
Perone,JamesE.(2005).Woodstock:AnEncyclopediaoftheMusicandArtFair.Westport,CT:
GreenwoodPress.ISBN9780313330575.
Rosenman,Joel(1999).YoungMenWithUnlimitedCapital:TheStoryofWoodstock.ScriveneryPress.
ISBN9781893818026.

Externallinks
WoodstockMuseum(http://www.woodstockmuseum.com/)
WikimediaCommonshas
Woodstock(http://dmoztools.net/Arts/Music/Concerts_and_Event
mediarelatedtoWoodstock
s/Festivals/Rock/Woodstock/)atDMOZ MusicFestival.
Kirkpatrick,Rob(August5,2009)."Pot,SkinnyDipping,and
FreedomRock:WoodstockandtheYearoftheOutdoorMusicFestival".PopMatters.
MichaelLangInterview,ThemanbehindWoodstock.

Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Woodstock&oldid=770509229"

Categories: 1969inmusic 1969inNewYork Catskills Concerts Hippiemovement NewYorkculture

RockfestivalsintheUnitedStates Freefestivals Counterculturefestivals Countercultureofthe1960s
NationalRegisterofHistoricPlacesinSullivanCounty,NewYork
TouristattractionsinSullivanCounty,NewYork WoodstockFestival Mediafranchises
Jambandfestivals Musicfestivalsestablishedin1969 Timelineof1960scounterculture 1969festivals
1969musicfestivals 1969inAmericanmusic August1969events

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