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ES-Historical Geology Test Review

1. What scientist is credited with proposing the principle of uniformitarianism? James Hutton
____ 3. The physical, chemical, and biological laws that operate today have also operated in the geologic past. This
statement relates to the principle of ____. Uniformitarianism
____ 5. According to the principle of cross-cutting relationships, an intrusive rock body is ____. Younger
____ 6. The dating process that places geologic events in proper sequence is referred to as a ____. Relative Dating
____ 7. In general, the law of superposition states that in an undeformed sequence of sedimentary rocks, each layer is
____. Oldest Rock is on bottom
____ 8. If a layer of sandstone is in contact with a mass of granite that contains small pieces of the sandstone, which
rock is older? Sandstone

____ 9. What is the youngest feature shown in Figure 12-1? Intrusion L


____ 10. An unconformity is a(n) ____. when a piece of the rock record has been removed by erosion
____ 11. Which of the following is important if an organism is to become a fossil? Hard Parts and Rapid Burial
____ 12. Organisms with hard parts stand a good chance of being fossilized if they are ____. Burid Rapidly
____ 13. Why would a worm stand a poor chance of being fossilized? No Hard Parts to fossilize
____ 15. Which is an index fossil? groups of fossils that can be used to correlate rock layers
a fossil that is widespread and lived for a short period of time
a fossil that can be used to help identify rock age
____ 17. The time it takes for 50% of the nuclei in a radioactive sample to decay to its stable isotope is called ____.
Half-life
\

____ 18. Assume you began with 10 g of a radioactive parent isotope. How many grams of parent isotope will be
present in the sample after 2 half-lives? 2.5g
____ 19. According to Figure 12-2, what fraction of the original parent isotope still exists after 4 half-lives have
passed? 1/16
____ 22. Radiocarbon dating could be used to date which of the following? 60,000-year-old mammoth bone
____ 24. What is the currently accepted age of Earth? 4.5 Billion Years
____ 25. About 88 percent of Earths history is within the expanse of time before the Phanerozoic Era called the ____.
Precambrian
____ 26. Radiometric dating does not usually work with sedimentary rocks because they ____. Contain other rocks
(older rocks)
____ 28. Which of the following gases was NOT part of Earths original atmosphere? Oxygen
____ 30. In the early Paleozoic, life was restricted to the ____. Oceans
____ 32. What animals dominated the Mesozoic Era? Dinosaurs
____ 33. What likely contributed to the extinction that marks the end of the Mesozoic Era? Meteorite

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