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1. What scientist is credited with proposing the principle of uniformitarianism? James Hutton
____ 3. The physical, chemical, and biological laws that operate today have also operated in the geologic past. This
statement relates to the principle of ____. Uniformitarianism
____ 5. According to the principle of cross-cutting relationships, an intrusive rock body is ____. Younger
____ 6. The dating process that places geologic events in proper sequence is referred to as a ____. Relative Dating
____ 7. In general, the law of superposition states that in an undeformed sequence of sedimentary rocks, each layer is
____. Oldest Rock is on bottom
____ 8. If a layer of sandstone is in contact with a mass of granite that contains small pieces of the sandstone, which
rock is older? Sandstone
____ 18. Assume you began with 10 g of a radioactive parent isotope. How many grams of parent isotope will be
present in the sample after 2 half-lives? 2.5g
____ 19. According to Figure 12-2, what fraction of the original parent isotope still exists after 4 half-lives have
passed? 1/16
____ 22. Radiocarbon dating could be used to date which of the following? 60,000-year-old mammoth bone
____ 24. What is the currently accepted age of Earth? 4.5 Billion Years
____ 25. About 88 percent of Earths history is within the expanse of time before the Phanerozoic Era called the ____.
Precambrian
____ 26. Radiometric dating does not usually work with sedimentary rocks because they ____. Contain other rocks
(older rocks)
____ 28. Which of the following gases was NOT part of Earths original atmosphere? Oxygen
____ 30. In the early Paleozoic, life was restricted to the ____. Oceans
____ 32. What animals dominated the Mesozoic Era? Dinosaurs
____ 33. What likely contributed to the extinction that marks the end of the Mesozoic Era? Meteorite