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ClassificationsofPumps
SelectingbetweenCentrifugalPumpsandPositiveDisplacementPumps

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PumpsareingeneralclassifiedasCentrifugalPumps(orRotodynamicpumps)andPositiveDisplacementPumps.

CentrifugalPumps(Rotodynamicpumps)

Thecentrifugalorrotodynamicpumpproduceaheadandaflowbyincreasingthevelocityoftheliquidthroughthemachinewiththehelpoftherotatingvaneimpeller.Centrifugalpumpsincluderadial,axialandmixedflowunits.

Centrifugalpumpscanbeclassifiedfurtheras

endsuctionpumps
inlinepumps
doublesuctionpumps
verticalmultistagepumps
horizontalmultistagepumps
submersiblepumps
selfprimingpumps
axialflowpumps
regenerativepumps

PositiveDisplacementPumps
Apositivedisplacementpumpoperatesbyalternatingfillingacavityandthendisplacingagivenvolumeofliquid.Apositivedisplacementpumpdeliversaconstantvolumeofliquidforeachcycleindependentofdischargepressureorhead.

Thepositivedisplacementpumpcanbeclassifiedas:

Reciprocatingpumpspiston,plungeranddiaphragm
Powerpumps
Steampumps
Rotarypumpsgear,lobe,screw,vane,regenerative(peripheral)andprogressivecavity

SelectingbetweenCentrifugalorPositiveDisplacementPumps
SelectingbetweenaCentrifugalPumporaPositiveDisplacementPumpisnotalwaysstraightforward.

FlowRateandPressureHead
Thetwotypesofpumpsbehaveverydifferentlyregardingpressureheadandflowrate:

TheCentrifugalPumphasvaryingflowdependingonthesystempressureorhead
ThePositiveDisplacementPumphasmoreorlessaconstantflowregardlessofthesystempressureorhead.PositiveDisplacementpumpsgenerallymakesmorepressurethanCentrifugalPump's.

CapacityandViscosity
Anothermajordifferencebetweenthepumptypesistheeffectofviscosityoncapacity:

InaCentrifugalPumptheflowisreducedwhentheviscosityisincreased
InaPositiveDisplacementPumptheflowisincreasedwhenviscosityisincreased

LiquidswithhighviscosityfillstheclearancesofPositiveDisplacementPumpscausinghighervolumetricefficienciesandPositiveDisplacementPumpsarebettersuitedforhigherviscosityapplications.ACentrifugalPumpbecomesveryinefficientateven
modestviscosity.

MechanicalEfficiency
Thepumpsbehavesdifferentconsideringmechanicalefficiencyaswell.

ChangingthesystempressureorheadhaslittleornoeffectontheflowrateinaPositiveDisplacementPump
ChangingthesystempressureorheadmayhaveadramaticeffectontheflowrateinaCentrifugalPump

NetPositiveSuctionHeadNPSH
AnotherconsiderationistheNetPositiveSuctionHeadNPSH.

InaCentrifugalPump,NPSHvariesasafunctionofflowdeterminedbypressure
InaPositiveDisplacementPump,NPSHvariesasafunctionofflowdeterminedbyspeed.ReducingthespeedofthePositiveDisplacementPumppump,reducestheNPSH

RelatedTopics
PumpsPipingsystemsandpumpscentrifugalpumps,displacementpumpscavitation,viscosity,headandpressure,powerconsumptionandmore

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