to Taal, Balayan and Lipa, regions cultivated entirely by the natives without any monkish interference whatsoever. ‘The Guardia Civil. The last hated symbol of Spanish tyranny was the Guardia Civil (Constabulary) which was created by the Royal Decree of February 12, 1852, as amended by the Royal Decree of March 24, 1888, for the purpose of maintaining internal peace and order in the Philippines. It was patterned after the hhad rendered meritorious services in suppressing the bandits the provinces, they later became infamous for their rampant abuses, such as maltreating innocent people, looting their carabaos, chiickens, and valuable belongings, and raping helpl women. Both officers (Spaniards) and men (natives) were trained and undis were respected and wel Rizal actually witnessed the atrocities committed by the Guardia Civil on the Calamba folks. He himself and his mother had been victims of the’ brutalities of the lieutenant of the Guardia Givil. It was natural that Rizal directed his stinging satire against, the hated Guardia Civil. Through Elias in Noli Me Tangere, he exposed the Guardia Civil as a bunch of ruthless ruffians good only “for disturbing the peace” ing honest men”, He proposed to improve the by having it sion and good and respon- the hands of a madman in a defenseless multitude Chapter 1 Advent of A National Hero _Dr. Jose Rizal is a unique example of a many-splendored 10 became the greatest hero of a nation. Endowed by Gog with versatile gifts, he truly ranked with the world’s geniuses. an_(ophthy con), poet, dramatist, inter, sculptor, educator, , surveyor, engine geographer, cartographer, bi logist, grammarian, folklorist, philosopher, trans- sportsman, traveler, and prophet. Above and beyond all these, ical martyr who. cone his life for ‘The Birth of a Hero. Jose Rizal was born on the moonlit ‘night of Wednesday, June 19, 18 the lakeshore town of Calamba, Laguna Province, Philippines. His mother almost died during the delivery because of his big head. As he recounted many years later in his student memoirs: “I was born in Calamba ‘on 19 June, 1861, between eleven and midnight, a few days before full moon. It was a Wednesday and my coming out in this vale of tears would have cost my mother her life had she not vowed to the virgin of Antipolo to take me to her sanctuary He was baptized in the Catholic church of his town on June 22, aged three days old, by the parish priest, Father Rufino” Collantes, who was a Batanguefio. His godfather (ninong) was -Bather Pedro Casanas, native of Calamba and close friend of the Rizal family. 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Recounting this childhood experience in his Te was the first ti Scr cet Ne recs Tr et eng cad ed cients melancholic thoughts so that even wI child, Talready wan- He was thrilled, as dered on wings of fantasy in the high regions of the unknown. did not sleep the ip of Jose across Laguna de Bay and his first polo. He and his father rode in a casco (barge). typical boy should, by his first lake voyage, He whole night as the casco sailed towards the Pasig : River because he was awed by “the magnificence of the watery ‘The Hero’s First Sorrow. The Rizal children a ecieeed *xpanse and the silence of the night.” Writing many years later of together by ties of love and companionship. They were well-bred, this experience, he said: “With what pleasure I saw the sunrise; for for their parents taught them to love and help one another. the first time I saw how the luminous rays shone, producing a bril- liant effect on the ruffled surface of the wide lake.” Offs sisters, Jose loved most th : ) Ae eee Cnet ear coo Heplay aentineuan panics After praying atthe shrine of the Virgin of Antipolo, Jose and he learned the sweetness of sisterly love. Unfortunately, Concha died of sickness in 1865 when she was his father went to Manila. It was the first time Jose saw Manila. ‘They visited Saturnina, who was then a boarding student at La ‘Concordia College in Santa Ana, ‘The Story of the Moth. Of the stories told by Dofia Teodora toher favorite son, Jose, that of the young moth made the profoun. est impression on him. Speaking of this incident, Rizal wrote:> i ‘One night, all the family, except my mother and myself, Devoted Son of the Church. A scion of a Catholic clan, born ‘went to bed early: Why, I do not know, but we two remained and bred in a wholesome atmosphere of Catholicism, and posses- sitting alone, The candles had already been put out. They had sed of an inborn pious spirit, Rizal grew up a good Catholic. been blown out in their globes by means of a curved tube of At the age of three, he began to take part in the family tin. That tube seemed to me the finest and most wonderful prayers. His mother, who was a devout Catholic, taught him the co aa aen eine bee Catholic prayers. tae he Wns vs Years OS Ne as 2a through the night. It goes out just at day-break te awaken haltingly the Spanish family Bible. ; people by its spluttering, He loved to go to church, to pray, to take part in novenas, and My mother was teaching me to read in a Spanish reader to join the religious processions. It is said that he was so seriously Children’s Friend” (El Amigo de oe Ninos) Tha devout that he was laughingly called Manong Jose by the Her= rare book and an old copy. It had lost its cover and ‘manos and Hermanas Terceras. q ter had cleverly made a new one. She had fastened a ‘One of the men he esteemed and respected in Calamba during sheet of thick blue paper over the back and then covered it with a piece of cloth. his boyhood was the scholarly Father Leoncio Lopez, the t ith a piece of cloth, priest. He used to visit this learned Filipino priest and listen to stimulating opinions on current events and sound philosophy of This night my mother became impatient with hearing me Fead $0 poorly. I did not understand Spanish and so I could not read with expression. She took the book from ‘me. First she a scolded me for drawing funny pictures on its pages. Then she Boas es fold me to listen and she began to read, When her sight was } left Calamba to go om a pilgrimage to Antips : £8004, she read very well. She could recite well, and she under- | his mother’s vow which was made when Jose was born, Do stood verse-making, too, Many times during Christmas vaca- ‘Teodora could not accompany them because she had given birth to tions, my mother corrected my poetical compositions, and she always made valuable criticisms,OSE RIZAL: LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS that I was not interested. She stopped reading. Then she said to me: “I am going to read you a very pretty story. Now pay attention.” On hearing the word ‘story’ I at once opened my eyes wide. The word ‘story’ pro ead without understanding. My mother began to read me the fable of the young moth and the old one. She translated it into teased from the first sentence. [looked and fixed my gaze on the moths which were Thestory could not have been bet med to me each time more beautiful, the flame more attractive. I really envied the fortune of the insects. They frolicked so joyously in its enchanting splendor that the ones which had fallen and been drowned in the oil did not cause me any dread. My mother kept on reading and I listened breathlessly. ‘The fate of the two insects interested me greatly. The flame rolled its golden tongue to one si ‘movement had sit then became qui ous change came rays noticed in myself whenever anything has stirred my feelings. The flame and the moth seemed to go farther away and my mother’s words sounded strange and uncanny. Idid notnotice whenshe All my attention was fixed on the face of the itwith my whole soul. . , Ithad died a martyr Chilthood Yeers tn Catambe ‘As she put me to bed, my mother said: “See that you do ‘not behave like the young moth. Don't be disobedient, or you ‘may get burnt asit did.” I do not know whether I answered or Rot. . . The story revealed to me things until then unknown, Moths no longer were, for me, insignificant talked; they knew how to warn. They advis mother. The light seemed to me more beautiful. It had grown ‘more dazzling and more attractive. I knew why the moths cir- cled the flame. ‘The tragic fate of the young moth, which “died a m: illusions,” left a deep impress on Rizal's mind. He j asserting that “to sacrifice one’s life for is “worthwhile.” And, like that young fated to die as a martyr for a noble ideal. Artistic Talents. Since early childhood Rizal revealed his God-given talent for art. At the age of five, he began to make Sketches with his pencil and to moulin elay and wax objects which Mactedhisfancy. is said that one day, when Jose was a mete boy in Calamba, ious banner which was always used during the fiesta was |. Upon the request of the town mayor, he painted in oil col- rs anew banner that delighted the town folks because it was better than the original one. Jose had the soul of a genuine artist. Rather an introvert child, ‘With a skinny physique and sad dark eyes, he found ‘great joy look- ing at the blooming flowers, the ri fruits, the danci Of the lake, and the milky clow murmurings lich his father Ought for him and take long walks in the meadows and lakeshore th his black dog named Usman. One interesting anecdote about Rizal was the incident about slay and wax images. One day when he was about six years old“worudsns uo Ajosour sd yonuo pure prey yam UMA NUNOD ‘ue pasnyior Komp a19if1 jf paropuom J “Aum ouiKes sty) Uh Pang ojdood ayn ‘oyey ay) ssosoe Ae] YOM spuR] ou Ut ‘yt asus payse 1 * + Aqtep pantunton atom Sosszox0 10H}0 PUL ousqo1s Jo sioy “Aaeanag uodn ind quyes}$01 OU MES OM sn pawsia 24 YeAauoy fem ous ay Ur sHOBEIIA sood amp. paiean apreoje ou, “Mog sty apew pue ey sIy Ho 2yxe) OU ped ay souNESIp ere SITY TEM SoM IIMS KUO SaGe|a Oy, “sia¥eynA osuOyoM! pue pouzwun wos Sut infur pure Suue9 yueuaynoq [AID eIpronD) atp Avs oA “MOL ano ut ‘Kep Aaano asoumpy “saaem 2m Jo apis JaINO oY UO J8A0 9q yi yey Jo Furuworp sem J -puoseq sem TEqM Jo Bupjunya sem 1 “Avg ap ound] ‘oye] om 30 azoys on No uKop PooypRiyD Aw Jo smoy Kuew ‘ue yuods | awja1 ay ‘1ayL] s1eO, ‘aIdood Passaiddo siy Jo suonspuoo pes ay) uo Aeg ap vunSer] Jo-ar0ys 2m Je aepaus 01 pasn “Bop 10d sty Aq parmedmoooe ‘Jezny ou ~iourams Jo sinoy WYBIIA oy BUEN “sapreAIy a10ysoqe] “SREUT Jo SBpa|MOUY Spl SIy papwanay ay “(woseo1) ‘Ouiszaatsngipey [ef ‘JAOU PUOdes Sty Jo TILAK PUe TAK Jordy Uy “HOM otf Jo suvroew snowy ay} Jo ssoueUOIed au popuaTE ue offeur uo syooq Aueut peas ayy -otHeus 107 nonooposd uooy, Sm penunuos oy ‘paoyueu paurene oy wom sIeak I31ey UT {GROUSTeddNAY sop euowrew Suneindiuew ut js poured ospe of *Suosied pue sjeuiiue Wleyies sjquissar Wao1Ds oy) WO SMOPyS patreyus xioqpy supped ‘sadeys onseyuey owt sioduly [dens sry POISIA OF{ “ussx0s omy B YO MopeYS S11 Suse dure] AreuIpIO Ue JO polsisuoo SIU “suOHIgIYXo WoIUel-oreuI TPIA S¥10) WMO, sty poureyioiuo ofj “Te UM ur YstueA jaryroypUEY e SUP{EU pue siaduy siq ut seeddesip 10 readde too & Supe se yons ‘syomn snoues pourea] 2y ‘spuey snoxayxap sty YI “o18eUL Ut porsozo}UL waaq peY [ezry pooyueu A}rea doug “wEIaeY Aog se jezny “eys0y UNO} sy TuuNp ayaeg ut podes sem 3] “umor aWOY sIy OF 11 14fnOIq puE sosed! m7 Joy duosnuew ayy paseyoind oy yey Yon os 11 payy pue Apauioo aup ssoustm 01 pauaddey ‘SSUrRTepOOR put SSUOZUET 10} snowy CUNdET UF UNO} e {oI9ed) wor oID:0peUIAq03 y ae “aouarpne am kq Popnejdde Aqmpysijop sem pur yeansoy equieyed & ul poSeys sem ‘equcreg uy 2188, pooUPID | Jour Aue pue “ystiedg “ysifauq “uney jo jenba 1m pue SACGE 10} OAMIS Ajouns jie SseNsTey ‘SAHEU HOYT ShOy ® 1 epoud Atpnosd oy ‘sasran ona0d ‘widlunuas asifeuoneu wsomjie> Seay sPOReT wood sty, ‘OB s1vak Buoy “eos Awoys axp ut seoueg oar] aoy11040 a194 saxem snowy &q— so atom asauf ane, fumo 449A sy Jo sino} pue roquudie pee SoUy Om eH ISOyIY OW |Le 24H “anBuO} zoxomM In ‘uy 2m ypoods aya ur Surssoqq sup] sm uaa sepy ‘Suny st ye 40,0 are> jnyyoem o504m “poo puy ‘onguor sjoaue oy pue uernsey pue ysiiduq puy Sues 24) axe aBenSue] une] ayy pue ZopeSey, “Bunok 194 pooy 0} sano] rayou Kut se owes uy Im mo aq 0} I4BMo Joyo aBenBue] smo ayew OL SE RPE 19 0 1g Kus Ue SNOT 7 RUOr SARE SI SAOT OF ROT] TOUT SROUH ION F ~Au1ogH uy wiog sSu1oq Buty somo on, em sty ur sojqurasox 2081 uewiny amo ys) UT Shems sproy 31 2124 puey oy) ur 2jdoad ay uode, 01991 pue aSpnf jeuy ay) st aBenduey so “enoge aovds 12033 0} ste0s Yona pzrq amy s20p sy ‘ansind Ausaqyy Afaans osye Axtunoo sei, eno} yyaiNes osm Komp u,AEay Aq Yor aBenduey ox, 01 KInuy Anjunod v Jo ajdood saxsusyj, NSUCUHD MOTIAA AW OL :smollo) se “CAS nO ROR ATUL iT VIA SUTP A poniwuo adensuy, aes, TSF SIy 210um Tera BTS TOM Wy ‘knood Sit 01 wiy potiernoous pue uoneujout sno0d siq poonou “in 2H JO 9AO|¥ SPM OM “TOHPOWT SI ‘S1e1 sy Jo sHOO)XS) ayn Ho pur sadud 30 si2a4s 2800] uo sasiaa porqquos pey a4 pootjfon Ayswo doug “oamesayy 0 48 uonid-poov passastod jezrey swore nos pus duryoroys IY Woy opisy -peayy kq moog 1831 ‘SOMLLIUM ONY SxuOM ‘3417 -IVZIU 3s0rJOSE RIZAL: LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS. Did they there respect the home? Or ever yonder also, in order to live in peace, would one have to bribe tyrants? ‘Young though he was, he erieved deeply over the unhappy situation of his beloved fatherland: The Spat awakened in his boyish heart a great determination to fight 7 tyranny. When he became a man, many years later, he wrotesly w of these injustices and iend, Mariano Ponce: Influences on the Hero’s Boyhood. On the night Jose Rizal was | born, other children were born in Calamba and hundreds all these children, only one boy — JOSE) Environmental.influence includes places, The scenic beauties of Calamba and the beautiful garden. CChilahoed Vearsn Celemba Rizal family stimulated the inborn artistic and literary talents of Jose Rizal. The religious atmosphere at i religious nature. His brother, Pacian in hi Aovesfor freedom and justice. Fron his sisters, he learned to be courteous and kind to women, The fairy tales told by his aya during his early childhood awakened his interest in folklore and legends, His three ungles, brothers of his mother, exerted @ good who had studied for ¢ In Enurope inspired h Tio Manuel, a husky and a i elop_his fal body by cercises, including horse riding, Walkin; And Mio Gregorio, a book lover - i ing of good books. the old. and learned parish priest of Jove for scholarship and intellectua} years. The Spanish abuses and cruelties which his boyhood, such im his oppressed people. 4 ms Aid of Divine Providence; Greater than heredity and iment in the fate of ma 1e Prov ss in the annals of the nation, Ri:. 8 “OMT Wy «GUNe'] Mou Nok OG, pe] eure) ous portdos “118 ‘OMI Vy .dustuedg mouy nok oq,, suny payse Joye SUL “Sse OM UF eas SHY PaUsissE sey sor ‘AtarEIpaUNUNT equIe[e} o1 uimior 07 porredap oy Yor JOLIE “royseay 24 07 as0f pasnponur af “o10Joq wy z9pun dnd w ugaq pet ay asnesag Jaa anb roysvor ou, MOU OUPIDPE june s,asof Jo awoy ayy Woy SImaW OE moqe ny EdIE jfeWs B SEM UpIte “J9y9"9} yp Jo dsnoy tf. 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