Analytical Design of Elliptical Patch

Antenna for Energy Transmission

Synopsis
The microstrip patch antenna offers an attractive possibility to make
compact, conformal and low cost antennas for mobile wireless systems.
Antennas for mobile terminals are required to be small, lightweight and low
profile, in addition to have an Omni-directional radiation pattern in the horizontal
plane. Patch antenna designs can have some operational limitations that include
restricted bandwidth, low gain and a decrease in radiation efficiency due to
surface wave losses. One of the approaches for a small sized patch antenna is
the use of high Er substrate, although antennas on high dielectric constant
substrates are smaller, excitation of undesirable surface waves deteriorate the
antenna performance further. This situation becomes extremely severe at higher
frequencies, resulting in patch antennas with reduced gain and bandwidth, as
well as an unacceptably high level of cross-polarization.

The motivation for the synopsis is to investigate methods to develop

microstrip antennas with improved characteristics mainly for mobile applications.
This synopsis investigates the use of electromagnetic waves to generate energy
from different sources, for various microstrip patch antenna configurations with
improved performance. These novel devices have the capability of generating
energy from the propagation of electromagnetic waves along certain or all
directions, within a certain frequency band, thus giving us an additional flexibility
in designing rectenna(s) and other components. Investigations presented in this
synopsis have been carried out in two parts. To start with, the behavior of
electromagnetic spectrum has been studied in detail. The focus has been on
different substrate materials based on different material structure.

The antenna is a transitional structure between free-space and a guiding

device such as co-axial, waveguide etc. An antenna is an essential part of
transmitting and receiving system that is used for radiating electromagnetic
waves. Moreover, the antenna should provide stable electrical and mechanical
characteristics even in a harsh weather and bending conditions with no
interference to other radio systems. These days UWB antenna is used for data
communication as FCC has proposed a high bandwidth of 7.5 GHz from 3.1 to
10.6 for UWB applications. Any signal that occupies at least 500MHz spectrum
can be used in UWB systems. UWB is generally preferred due to its low power
consumption, its ability to penetrate the walls, high immunity to the fading
effects and it is much faster than Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. It serves for both
commercial and non commercial purposes, like military, radar frequency,
location track, indoor and also for body wearable applications. In order to meet
the needs of the desired applications the UWB antenna is generally been made
on miniaturized substrate due to cost effectiveness.
 Designing of an elliptical shaped patch depends on three main
parameters, Resonant Frequency-11GHz, Dielectric Constant-4.4, and Height of
dielectric substrate-62 mil. Following figure 1 represents the patch designing in
HFSS. It is designed by cutting out the sides of the ellipse on a FR4 substrate
and hence making it an inset elliptical patch which is suitable for body wearable
applications and it gives a high gain of about 6 dBi and a return loss below
-10db. The ground plane lies at the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate and
the elliptical patch designed is at the top layer of the dielectric substrate. The
antenna is used for frequency band of 7.5 -15 GHz for which antenna yields a
return loss of less than -35 dB. The antenna is miniaturized to 2.8 cm 4 cm in
order to use it for UWB applications.

Figure 1: Elliptical Patch Design

Typical representation of wireless energy transmission between

transmitters and receivers.
Antenna Design & Analysis
The antenna is designed using HFSS (High Frequency Structural
Simulator). It is one of several other commercial tools used for antenna
designing. The elliptical patch antenna is designed to operate at particular
frequency bands. The antenna consists of elliptical patch with inset feed. Inset
feed slot is used to increase the Bandwidth. The antenna is printed on the FR4
epoxy substrate with dielectric constant ( r) =4.4, thickness of 1.5748mm.

Design Requirements
Input Impedance =50
Resonant Frequency of the Antenna=11GHz
Relative permittivity of the substrate = 4.4
Dielectric loss tangent =0.02

Antenna design and configuration

As the dimension of patch is circular in nature, the actual radius of the patch is
given by (Balanis, 1982)

Where,

The effective radius of patch is given by (Balanis, 1982)

So therefore, the resonant frequency for the antenna should be expressed as

Where Vo is free space speed of light.

Conclusion
In this synopsis, the microstrip fed slot PCB antenna has been designed for
promising ultra wide band applications. The antenna in this design can operate
from a frequency band of 7.5 to 15 GHz .The mushroom shaped patch has been
cut from the radiator to reduce the ground plane effects. The aspect which is to
be highlighted is the return loss (S11 parameter ) which is less than 35 dBi at
11GHz and VSWR is less than 2 at 11GHz (1.096abs) and at 13 GHz (1.326abs)
and antenna has perceived a gain of 6db .The antenna gets a suitable radiation
pattern and a good polarization .The compact UWB antenna has a potential for
body wearable applications .The antenna on FR4 epoxy substrate is feasible and
can be easily fabricated with low cost and is proved a useful candidate for ultra
wide band antenna. The energy transmission is also very satisfactorily performed
with these design parameters.