Hepatocyte

Liver cell

VAN MINNIE PAIR SAND 1002

Hepatocyte
Liver cell

VAN MINNIE PAIR SAND 1002

Types of liver cells
What are Hepatocytes?
Hepatocytes are the main cells in the liver.
Estimately 75-80 percent of liver tissue is
made up of them.
What is the shape of Hepatocyte?
Hepatocytes are
rectangular in shape, or
sometimes they are
considered as cuboid cells.
On the both ends of the cell
are the cilia.
What is the shape of Hepatocyte?
Hepatocytes are arranged in plates so they linked
with one another.
The contacted faces make it easier for them to
create bile canaliculi.
The differences
The differences from
from normal
normal cells
cells
The liver is the only organ in the body that
can easily replace damaged cells, but if
enough cells are lost, the liver may not be
able to meet the needs of the body.

It has more than one nucleus. Why?

More Than One Nucleus
Hepatocytes may have two nuclei because liver
has many important functions, for instance,
filtering harmful substances, producing
important chemicals for the body, etc.

Only one nucleus may not

be able to control all the
organelles.
Function of Hepatocytes
Protein synthesis
Detoxify harmful substances
Form and release bile
Metabolize cholesterol and fats
Organelles In the Nuclei
Nucleolus - makes ribosomes

Nuclear Envelope - protects the nucleus, let

materials go in and out between nucleus and
cytoplasm
Chromatin - contains DNA in the nucleus
Organelles in the Cytoplasm
Smooth ER (a lot) - Lipid synthesis

Rough ER - Protein synthesis

Golgi Apparatus - modifies protein and lipids

Mitochondria (a lot) - produces energy

Why do they have a lot of mitochondria?
Because if one stops working, the cell would still
survive.
The mitochondria sends signals to the whole
cell when the cells injured.
Other than the peroxisomes, the mitochondria
also does oxidative metabolism*.
*A process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrate.
Organelles in the Cytoplasm
Lysosomes - digest virus, bacteria, nonfunctional
organelles, break down macromolecules
Vacuoles - storage bubble

Centrioles - release fibre during cell division

Ribosomes - a place where protein is made
Specialized Organelles
Peroxisomes - Similar to lysosomes
- contains enzymes that involve metabolism

- Break down many substrates

including fatty acids and alcohol
Specialized Organelles
Cilia - increases surface area of the cell
Cellular Antennae - Sense the environment,
Look for danger
Regulate bile flow
Located at the bases of hepatocytes
Liver diseases

Alcohol abuse

Viral infections

Cirrhosis
Alcohol Abuse
Alcoholic Hepatitis (liver
inflammation)
Fatty liver
Cirrhosis

Treatments
Stop Alcohol intake
Viral infections
Hepatitis A, B, C
Jaundice
Cirrhosis
Treatments
treat with antiviral or steroid medications
Cirrhosis
A late-stage of liver disease
More than 75% of the livers cell are damaged
Scarring of the liver and loss of functioning liver
cells cause the liver to fail
Leads to hepatic damage and portal hypertension
Treatments
The disease is not reversible, it can only be cured by
a liver transplant.
 REFERENCES
FAAEM, B. W. (n.d.). Liver Disease: Symptoms, Signs & Treatment.
Retrieved February 03, 2017, from
http://www.medicinenet.com/liver_disease/article.htm

Mitochondria in chronic liver disease. (n.d.). Retrieved February 05, 2017,

from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21269263

ABPP-CN, D. A. (n.d.). Cell - (biology). Retrieved February 05, 2017, from

http://www.medfriendly.com/cell.html
Types of liver cells
What are Hepatocytes?
Hepatocytes are the main cells in the liver.
Estimately 75-80 percent of liver tissue is
made up of them.
What is the shape of Hepatocyte?
Hepatocytes are
rectangular in shape, or
sometimes they are
considered as cuboid cells.
On the both ends of the cell
are the cilia.
What is the shape of Hepatocyte?
Hepatocytes are arranged in plates so they linked
with one another.
The contacted faces make it easier for them to
create bile canaliculi.
The differences
The differences from
from normal
normal cells
cells
The liver is the only organ in the body that
can easily replace damaged cells, but if
enough cells are lost, the liver may not be
able to meet the needs of the body.

It has more than one nucleus. Why?

More Than One Nucleus
Hepatocytes may have two nuclei because liver
has many important functions, for instance,
filtering harmful substances, producing
important chemicals for the body, etc.

Only one nucleus may not

be able to control all the
organelles.
Function of Hepatocytes
Protein synthesis
Detoxify harmful substances
Form and release bile
Metabolize cholesterol and fats
Organelles In the Nuclei
Nucleolus - makes ribosomes

Nuclear Envelope - protects the nucleus, let

materials go in and out between nucleus and
cytoplasm
Chromatin - contains DNA in the nucleus
Organelles in the Cytoplasm
Smooth ER (a lot) - Lipid synthesis

Rough ER - Protein synthesis

Golgi Apparatus - modifies protein and lipids

Mitochondria (a lot) - produces energy

Why do they have a lot of mitochondria?
Because if one stops working, the cell would still
survive.
The mitochondria sends signals to the whole
cell when the cells injured.
Other than the peroxisomes, the mitochondria
also does oxidative metabolism*.
*A process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrate.
Organelles in the Cytoplasm
Lysosomes - digest virus, bacteria, nonfunctional
organelles, break down macromolecules
Vacuoles - storage bubble

Centrioles - release fibre during cell division

Ribosomes - a place where protein is made
Specialized Organelles
Peroxisomes - Similar to lysosomes
- contains enzymes that involve metabolism

- Break down many substrates

including fatty acids and alcohol
Specialized Organelles
Cilia - increases surface area of the cell
Cellular Antennae - Sense the environment,
Look for danger
Regulate bile flow
Located at the bases of hepatocytes
Liver diseases

Alcohol abuse

Viral infections

Cirrhosis
Alcohol Abuse
Alcoholic Hepatitis (liver
inflammation)
Fatty liver
Cirrhosis

Treatments
Stop Alcohol intake
Viral infections
Hepatitis A, B, C
Jaundice
Cirrhosis
Treatments
treat with antiviral or steroid medications
Cirrhosis
A late-stage of liver disease
More than 75% of the livers cell are damaged
Scarring of the liver and loss of functioning liver
cells cause the liver to fail
Leads to hepatic damage and portal hypertension
Treatments
The disease is not reversible, it can only be cured by
a liver transplant.
 REFERENCES
FAAEM, B. W. (n.d.). Liver Disease: Symptoms, Signs & Treatment.
Retrieved February 03, 2017, from
http://www.medicinenet.com/liver_disease/article.htm

Mitochondria in chronic liver disease. (n.d.). Retrieved February 05, 2017,

from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21269263

ABPP-CN, D. A. (n.d.). Cell - (biology). Retrieved February 05, 2017, from

http://www.medfriendly.com/cell.html