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03/13/17 1
Circles II Chapter 3
Prepared By
Norisah Mustaffa
(COPYRIGHT RESERVED)

Properties

Propertiesof
ofCircles
Circles
Properties of Angles in

Properties of Angles in
Circles
Circles
Cyclic

CyclicQuadrilaterals
Quadrilaterals

03/13/17 2
 3.1 Properties Of Circles

diameter
The straight line which
passes through the o
centre of the circle and
joins two points on the
circumference is called
the diameter.

Any diameter of a circle is an axis of symmetry, that

divides the circle into two equal parts.

03/13/17 3
Example 1:
Drawing An Isosceles Triangle PQQ In A Circle.
Draw a circle and a vertical P
diameter.
Draw a right-angled triangle
and mark with P and Q.

II

II
Fold the circle at the o
diameter and make a mark
through Q with the compass
point. Q Q
Unfold and draw the image of
the triangle to form the
isosceles triangle PQQ.
03/13/17 4
 Properties Of Chords In A Circle
1. Based on the figure on the right:
1. ON is a radius.
2. AB is a chord.
O
3. Radius ON is
perpendicular to the
chord AB. A II M II B
4. Thus, AM = MB N

A radius that is perpendicular to a chord divides

the chord into two equal parts.

03/13/17 5
 Properties Of Chords In A Circle
2. Based on the figure on the right: P

1. AB and PQ are two chords Y M

with centre O.
O
2. The perpendicular bisectors of
ON and OM intersect at the Q
centre.
3. AB = PQ, so OX = OY. They are A II x II B
iquidistance from the centre.
N
4. Chords of the same length cut Two chords that are
arcs of the same length. equidistance from the
5. Hence, arc ANB = arc PMQ centre, then the two
chords are equal in
length.
03/13/17 6
Solving Problems Involving Symmetry,
Chords And Arcs Of Circle.
1. In the following diagram, O is the centre, find the
length of chord CD.
Solution
A C By using Pythagoras Theorem,
AM2 = 132 52
13 cm
= 169 25
M N
II II = 144
5 cm O AM = 144
= 12 cm
D
B AB = 12 x 2 = 24 cm
CD = 24 cm (chords that are
equidistance from centre)
03/13/17 7
Solving Problems Involving Symmetry,
Chords And Arcs Of Circle.
2. In the diagram below, O is the centre, find the
value of x. Solution
radius =
Pythagoras Theorem.
6.5 cm
ON2 = 6.52 62
6.5 cm = 42.25 36
x = 6.25
O

2.5 cm
6.5 cm ON = 6.25
II II A straight
= 2.5line
cmfrom centre
6 cm N 6 cm that is perpendicular to a
12 cm x = divides
chord 6.5 + 2.5
the chord
into two equal parts.
= 9 cm.
03/13/17 8
 3.2 Properties Of Angles In A Circle
A. Identifying Angles Subtended By An Arc

angle

radius arc
The angle subtended by an arc
The angle subtended by an arc
at the circumference of a circle
at the centre of a circle is formed
is formed between two lines that
between two radii that join both
join both ends of the arc to a
ends of the arc to the centre.
point on the circumference.

03/13/17 9
 3.2 Properties Of Angles In A Circle
B. Determining Angles Subtended At The Circumference By the same
Arc
w is subtended by arc ABC
x is subtended by arc ABC
x y
y is subtended by arc ABC
w O z is subtended by arc ABC
z All of angles w, x, y and z are
subtended at circumference by the
same arc.
A C
Therefor,
B w = x = y = z
Angles subtended at the circumference by the same arc
are equal.

03/13/17 10
 3.2 Properties Of Angles In A Circle
C. Determining Angles At The Circumference Or The Centre By
Arcs Of The Same Length.
II
P
Angles at the Q
y circumference
x a
O
b
Angles at the
A centre
C S
II II R
B II
x is subtended by arc AB a is subtended by arc PQ
y is subtended by arc BC b is subtended by arc RS
Since arcs AB and BC are in the Since both of arcs PQ and RS
same length, angles x and y are are in the same length, angles a
equal. and b are equal.
03/13/17 11
 3.2 Properties Of Angles In A Circle
D. The Relationship Between Angle At The Centre and Angle
At The Circumference Which Are Subtended By The same
Arc

m subtended at n subtended at
the circumference the centre by arc
m
by arc AB. AB.
O
m = n
n
Or
A n = 2m
B
An angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc is
twice the angle subtended by the arc at the
circumference.
03/13/17 12
 3.2 Properties Of Angles In A Circle
E. Determining The Size Of An Angle Subtended At The
Circumference In A Semicircle.

90
90
90

O
P Q
90

90 90

The angle subtended at the circumference by

the diameter of a semicircle is 90

03/13/17 13
 Solving Problems Of Angles In A Circle
Example 1:
Find the marked angles. O is the centre of the circle.

Q Solution
Given that Q = 25
P
25 Angles subtended at the
a
circumference by the same
O arc are equal.
R
b Hence,
P = Q = R = 25
Therefore,
a = 25
b = 25

03/13/17 14
 Solving Problems Of Angles In A Circle
Example 2:
In the figure below, O is the centre, Find BOC.

Solution

BOC = 2 x 48
48 = 96
O
(An angle subtended at
B
96 the centre of a circle by
an arc is twice the angle
C
subtended by the arc at
the circumference).

03/13/17 15
 Solving Problems Of Angles In A Circle
Example 3:
In the figure below, O is the centre, Find x.
Solution
= 2 x 106
212 = 212
O (An angle subtended at the centre
x of a circle by an arc is twice the
B angle subtended by the arc at the
circumference).
106 C
x = 360 - 212(one full turn angle)
= 148

03/13/17 16
 Solving Problems Of Angles In A Circle
Example 4:
In the figure below, O is the centre, Find x.

Solution

x x = x 58

O II = 29
(Angles At The Circumference
58
B Or The Centre By Arcs Of The
Same Length are equal.
II C at the centre = 2 x at the
circumference)

03/13/17 17
 Solving Problems Of Angles In A Circle
Example 5:
In the figure below, O is the centre, Find x and
y.
Solution
x x = 90
(PQ is a diameter, angle
subtended at the
y O 53
P Q circumference in a semicircle
is 90)

y = 180 - (90 + 53)

= 180 - 143
= 37
03/13/17 18
 3.3 Cyclic Quadrilaterals
Cyclic quadrilateral is a quadrilateral
A. Identifying with its four vertices
Cyclic Quadrilaterals
located on the circumference of a circle.
A
P
T U
B Q
F

E S
D
G
C H R W V
ABCD is a EFGH is a PQRS is not a TUVW is not a
cyclic cyclic cyclic cyclic
quadrilateral. quadrilateral. quadrilateral.Not quadrilateral.Not
All vertices All vertices all of their all of their
located on the located on the vertices are vertices are
circumference. circumference. located on the located on the
circumference. circumference.

03/13/17 19
 3.3 Cyclic Quadrilaterals
The
B. interior opposite
Identifying angles Opposite
The Interior of a cyclicAngles
quadrilateral are
Of Cyclic
two angles in the cyclicQuadrilaterals
quadrilateral that face each other.
A F
ABfaces
faces CDE
B
E faces G H
G
D F faces H
C
A and C are interior E and G are interior
opposite angles. opposite angles.
B and D are interior F and H are interior
opposite angles. opposite angles.
Hence, every cyclic quadrilateral has two pairs of
interior opposite angles.
03/13/17 20
 3.3 Cyclic Quadrilaterals
C. The Relationship Between Interior Opposite Angles
Of A Cyclic Quadrilateral

M
J and L are interior r
opposite angles. L
q
K and M are interior
opposite angles.
3. p + q = 180 s
p
4. r + s = 180 K
J
The sum of the interior opposite angles in a
cyclic quadrilateral is 180
03/13/17 21
 3.3 Cyclic Quadrilaterals
D. Identifying The Exterior Angles And Its
Corresponding
Corresponding Interior Opposite Angle Of A Cyclic
interior opposite
Quadrilateral.
angle
A
e is an exterior angle.
b is an interior B
opposite angle. b
e is corresponding b
e = b
exterior e
C
angle D
The exterior angle of a cyclic quadrilateral is formed
when one side of the cyclic quadrilateral is produced.

03/13/17 22
 3.3 Cyclic Quadrilaterals
E. The Relationship Between The Exterior Angles
And Their Corresponding Interior Opposite Angles
Of A Cyclic Quadrilateral
1. The exterior angle of a cyclic
quadrilateral is equal to its
corresponding interior opposite A
angle. u
p B
p = t and u = q
2. The sum of the interior opposite s
angles in a cyclic quadrilateral is
180.
p + q = 180 , r + s = 180 q t
3. Therefore, the sum of the
r
exterior angles of a cyclic C
quadrilateral is 180 D
u + t = 180
03/13/17 23
Solving Problems Involving Cyclic Quadrilaterals
Example:
Find the value of a, b and c in the following
diagram.
i) 3a = 120
P Q
a = 120 3
3a
= 40 b + 25

ii) b + 25 = 110
b = 110 - 25 120
110
= 85 c
S R
iii) c = 180 - 110
= 70

03/13/17 24
Lets Practice
Lets
The diagrams in the following
questions provided are not
drawn to scale unless stated.
In the diagrams, O is the
centre of each circle if any.
All the lines are straight lines.
 Question 1.
Find the values of a and b.
Solution:
b
a = b = 35
Angles subtended at
the circumference by a 35
the same arc are 0
equal.

B
03/13/17 26
Question 2: Solution:
Find the value of a + b + c a = b = c
= 80 2
b
= 40
Hence, a + b + c
a c
O = 40 + 40 + 40
80 = 120
(An angle subtended at
the centre of a circle by
A an arc is twice the angle
subtended by the arc at
the circumference).
B
03/13/17 27
Question 3:
Find the value of x.
D
Solution:
x = 80
O x
Angles At The

ll
Circumference Or
The Centre By Arcs
80
Of The Same Length C
are equal.
A
ll
B

03/13/17 28
Question 4:
Find the value of y.
Solution:
50 D
y
y = 50
(Angles at the

II
circumference or
the centre by arcs
of the same length
are equal).
A C
ll
B
03/13/17 29
Question 5:
Calculate the value of x + y
Solution:
x
x = 90 90
y = 180 - (90 + 55)
= 180 - 145
= 35 O
x + y = 90 + 35 y 55
= 125
(The angle of a
semicircle is 90). 90

03/13/17 30
Question 6:
Find the value of i) x ii) y.
Solution: x
i) x =180 - 88
= 92
ii) y =180 - 119
=61 y 119
(The sum of the interior
opposite angles in a cyclic
quadrilateral is 180).
88

03/13/17 31
 Question 7:
Find the value of x and y.
Solution:
x = 52
(The exterior angle of a
cyclic quadrilateral is 96
equal to its
corresponding interior
opposite angle). x
y = 180 - 96 52
= 84
(The sum of the interior y
opposite angles in a
cyclic quadrilateral is
180)

03/13/17 32
 Question 8:
Find the value of m
Solution:
m
m = 100 2
= 50
(An angle subtended at O 80
the centre of a circle by 100
an arc is twice the angle
subtended by the arc at
the circumference). The sum of angles
on a straight line is
180.

03/13/17 33
Question 9:
Find the value of P
Solution:
60
p
p = 180 - 80
80
= 100 O 20
II
40
II
Angles subtended at
40
the circumference by
the same arc are
equal

03/13/17 34
Question10: The exterior angle
= corresponding
If KL = LM, find the value Kof h + v interior
=
angle.
opposite

Solution: h
h = (180 - 52) 2 = 64
= 128 2 M
= 64 64

II
v + 52 = h 52

Corresponding
v + 52 = 64 angles, F II

v = 64 - 52
= 12 52 Alternate
angles, Z
h + v = 64 + 12 v
L h
= 76

03/13/17 35
Question 11: The angle of
Find the value of e. semicircle is
90.
Solution:
e 50
e = 90 - 50
= 40

II
II
O 50

03/13/17 36
Question 12: = 90 - 66
= 24
Find the value of r
Solution:
The angle of
semicircle is
The exterior angle90.
of 66
r = 70 + 24
a cyclic quadrilateral
is equal to its
= 94
corresponding interior
O 24
opposite angle.
r
70
70

03/13/17 37
Question 13:
Find the value of n and u.

Solution: n

n = 60The
2sum of 120
angles on a
= 30
straight line O
60
u = 90
(The angle of u
semicircle)

03/13/17 38
Question 14: An angle subtended at
Find the value of y. the centre of a circle by
an arc is twice the angle
subtended by the arc at
Solution: the circumference.

x = 2 x 47
x = 94
y
= 94 O
y = 180 - 94
= 86 47

03/13/17 39
Question 15:
Find the value of p.
Solution:
p = 180 - 60 - 40
= 180 - 100 60
p
II O
=80 40
(The sum of the interior 100

II
opposite angles in a
cyclic quadrilateral is
180). 40

03/13/17 40
 Question 16: The angle of
Find the value of y. semicircle is
90.

Solution:
p = 180 - 30
= 150 O
60
(The sum of angles II
on a straight line is 30

II
180).
30 y

03/13/17 41
 The angle of
Question 17: semicircle is
Find the value of h. 90.

Solution:
130
h = 180 - 90 - 50
= 180 - 140
= 40 h 50
O
(The sum of the interior
opposite angles in a
cyclic quadrilateral is
180).
03/13/17 42
Question 18:
Find the value of m
Solution: 60

m= 180-(100 + 30) 60
= 180 - 130
O
= 50
m
90
100
30

03/13/17 43
Question 19. One full
turn = 360.
Find the value of k.
Solution:

k = 230 2
230
= 115 O

(An angle subtended at

the centre of a circle by
130
an arc is twice the
angle subtended by the
arc at the
circumference).
k

03/13/17 44
 Question 20:
Find the value of m + n
Solution: 70
m + n + 85 = 2 x 70
m + n = 140 - 85
= 55
O
m n
85

03/13/17 45
 Question 21:
Find the value of p + q
Solution:
q
p + q = 180 + 60
= 240

The sum of the p

interior opposite
angles in a cyclic 60
quadrilateral is 120
180).

03/13/17 46
Question 22:
Find the value of u.
The angle of
semicircle is
Solution: 90.

u = 90 - (20 + 40)
= 90 - 60 40
20 u

= 30

II
80 40
II
O

03/13/17 47
 Question 23:
Find the value of x.
Solution: 61
x = 180 - (90 + 61) x
= 180 - 151
= 29 Angles
O
subtended at the
same
circumference
are equal.
61
The angle of
semicircle is
90.
03/13/17 48
Question 24:
Finf the value of x
Solution: B
C
x = 180 - 80 x

= 100 (The sum of 160

the interior opposite A
angles in a cyclic O
quadrilateral is 180).
at
circumference =
x at centre 80
D
03/13/17 49
Question 25:
Find the value of p + q + r + s.
Solution:
p + q + r + s,
r = 70 + 110 + 70+ 40
70
= 290
110
70
p q
70 110 70 40= s

03/13/17 50
 Question 26:
The sum of the
Find theopposite
interior value of x, y and z
angles in a cyclic Solution:
B quadrilateral is
180). z C x=y=z
y (Angles subtended at
x the circumference by
60 the same length of
arcs are equal).
A
x = 60 2
= 30
120
Hence,
E x = y = z = 30
D
03/13/17 51
Question 27:
Calculate the value of x + y
Solution:
B x = 180 - 100
C
= 80
100
y = 180- 70
= 110(The sum of
A the interior opposite
70
angles in a cyclic
quadrilateral is 180).
y
x D x + y = 80+ 110

E = 190

03/13/17 52
Question 28:
Find the value of q. Solution:
B (Angles subtended at
C the circumference by
45 the same arc are equal).
50 50
q = 45 + 50
= 95
(The exterior angle of a
cyclic quadrilateral is
equal to its
q corresponding interior
opposite angle).

03/13/17 53
Question 29:
Find the value of a. Given that QR = RS.
P Solution:
The exterior angle of a
Q cyclic quadrilateral is
equal to its
75
a R corresponding interior
75 opposite angle.
T 75
S a = 180 -(75 + 75)
= 180 - 150
= 30

03/13/17 54
Question 30:
Find the value of y.
Solution:
y The exterior angle of a cyclic
quadrilateral is equal to its
corresponding interior opposite
angle.
95
y = 180 - 95
= 85

(The sum of the interior opposite

95
angles in a cyclic quadrilateral is
180).

03/13/17 55
 All The World Is An Analog
Stage ... And Digital Circuits
Play Only Bit Parts.
03/13/17 56