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INDICES
5.1 Indices
5.2 Simplification Of Numbers In Index Notation
5.3 Division Of Numbers In Indices Form
5.4 Index Expressions Raised To A Power
5.5 Negative Integer Indices
5.6 Fractional Indices
5.7 Calculation That Involves Law Of Indices
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5.1 Indices
5.1
A Expressing Repeated Multiplication As an And Vice Versa
Repeated multiplication can be expressed as
an :
Number 3 is
Example: multiplied by
itself four
34 = 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 times.
33is4 the base as
is read andthree
4 is the
to index.
the power of four
In general, an an = a x a x a...x a
means the nth
power of a.
n factors
(Number a is multiplied
n times)
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5.1 Indices
5.1
A Expressing Repeated Multiplication As an And Vice-4Versa
Number
is
Example 1:
: Number 2 multiplied
is
Express each of the following
multiplied
as repeated 4 times.
multiplication. 6 times.
a) 26
Solution: b) (-4)4
Solution
=2x2x2x2x2x2 = (-4) x (-4) x (-4) x (-4)
Do you still remember?
A number to the
power of 2 is square
of a number. 32 = 3 x 3 (three
A number to the squared)
power of 3 is cube of
a number. 23 = 2 x 2 x 2 (two cube)
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5.1 Indices
5.1
Convert
B Finding The Value of an mixed
The values for the numbers in index notation
number caninto be
simplified using the repeated multiplication method.
improper
Example: fraction
Find the values for the following.
a) 43 b) (2 )4
Solution: Solution
=4x4x4 = (5) x (5) x (5) x (5)
= 64 2 2 2 2
= 625
16
= 39 1
16
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5.1 Indices
5.1
C Expressing Numbers In Index Notation
Example:
Express each of the following in index notation with
lowest base.
a) 81 3 81 b) 128 2 128
Solution: 3 27 Solution: 2 64
3 9 2 32
81 = 34 128 = 27
3 3 2 16
1 2 8
81 can be expressed in two index notation. 2 4
128 can
81 be
= 9expressed
2
in one index notaion only.
81 is a 2 2
81
squared
= 3 4
(lowest base)
81 = 92
number. 1
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5.2 Simplification Of Numbers In Index Notation
1 a) Verifying am x an = am+n
The product of two or more numbers and two or
more algebraic terms expressed in index notation
with the same base can be simplified by adding
the indices.
Same base,a. a xb
m
2
Example: 2n
x
24
a xa
m n
adding the
=am x bn
indices.
= 22+4
=a m+n Cannot be simplified
=2 by6adding the
indices, both a and
Add up the =
b 2x2x2x2x2x2
are different base.
indices.
= 64
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5.2 Simplification Of Numbers In Index Notation
1 b) Verifying am x an = am+n
Example:
Simplify the following
a) p3 x p2 b) (-2)4 X (-2)3
Solution: Solution:
Method 1 Method 1- Repeated multiplication
Repeated
b) (-2)x(-2)x(-2)x(-2)x (-2)x(-2)x(-2)
multiplication
a) p x p x p x p x p = (-2)7
= p5 Method 2 Addition of indices
= (-2)4 x (-2)3
Method 2
= (-2)4 + 3
Addition of indices
= p3 x p2 = (-2)7
= p3 + 2 = -128
= p5
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5.3
5.3 Division of Of Numbers In Index Notation
2 a) Verifying am an = am - n
Division of numbers expressed in index notation
with the same base can be simplified by
subtraction of indices. m
a b n
= b5 b2
= 61 = 6
= b 52
= b3
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5.4
5.4
Index Expressions Raised to The
Power
3 a) Verifying (a ) = a
m n mx n
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5.4
5.4
Index Expressions Raised to The
Power
3 b) Verifying (a ) = a
m n mx n
Example:
Simplify each of the following
a) (65 x 52)3 b) (3x2y)4
Solution: Solution:
(65 x 52)3 (3x2y)4
= 65x3 x 52x3 = 31x4 x x2x4 x y1x4
= 615 x 56 = 34x 8y4
Multiply each Multiply each
index in the index in the
bracket with 3 bracket with 4
(the positive (the positive
integer) integer)
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5.5 Zero Indices
4 a) Verifying a0 = 1
Consider, 83 83 and simplify,
a) repeated multiplication b) subtraction the indices.
Solution: Solution:
a)Repeated b) Subtraction of
multiplication
1 1 1
indices
1 1 1
=8x8x8 = 8 3 83
8x8x8
= 83-3
=1
= 80
Thus, 80 =
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1 13
5.5 Zero Indices
4 b) Verifying a0 = 1
Any number raised to a power of zero is
always equal to one.
Example:
ab0 = a x 1
25 = 1
0
=a
2-3 =1 3y-2 = 3 4 -4
= 5 4
Thus, 23 y2 5 4
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5.7 Fractional Indices
1
n
6 a) Verifying a = a
n
3 3
2 4
36 = 36 16 = 16
2 3 4 3
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5.7 Fractional Indices
1
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5.7 Fractional Indices
1
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5.7 Fractional Indices
1
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LAWS OF INDICES Brief Notes
1 a xa =a
m n m+n Add up the indices.
2 a a =a
m n m-n Subtract the indices.
3 (a ) = a
m n mx n Multiply the indices.
4 a = 1 always equal to 1.
0 A number raised to a power of zero
1
a n postive index.
n
6 an
= a Fractional indices give us root
terms.
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Lets
Practice..
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Question 1:
Find the values of the following.
a) (-5)3
b) 2 4
3
Solution: Solution:
Method 1 Method 1
Repeated Repeated multiplication
multiplication b) 2 x 2 x 2 x 2
a) -5 x -5 x -5 3x3x3x3
= -125 = 16
81
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Question 2:
Find the values of the following.
Negative sign
a) (-0.2) 4
is multiplied 4
b) (1.2)2 times, the
answer is (+).
Solution: Solution:
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Question 3:
Express the following in index notation with
a base given in the brackets.
a) 8 [2] b) 243 [3]
2 8
Solution: Solution: 3 243
2 4
3 81
8 = 23 2 2 243 = 35 3 27
1
3 9
3 3
8 = 23 1
8 is two
cubed.
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Question
4:
Express 64 in index notation with a base of,
a) 2 b) 4 c) 8
Solution: Solution: Solution:
a) 64 = 26 b) 64 = 43 c) 64 = 82
2 64
2 32 4 64
8 64
2 16 4 16
8 8
2 8 4 4
1
2 4 1
2 2 64 can be expressed in three index notation.
1 64 = 26, 64 = 43, 64 = 82
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Question
5:
Simplify each of the following.
(a) 43 x 47 (b) 5a2 x 3a6 (c) 25 x 34 x 23 x 33
Solution:
=4 10 = 25+3 x 34+ 3
= 28 x 37
Multiplication of numbers expressed in index notation
with the same base can be simplified by addition of
indices.
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Question
6:
Simplify each of the following.
(a) 119 114 (b) m5n8 mn3 (c) 45r5 3r4
Solution:
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Question
7:
Simplify each of the following.
a) (57)4 b) (-65)8 c) x3 5
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Question
8:
Simplify each of the following.
a) (a3b2c4)3 b) (24x43x52)2 c) (3x3y2)5
Solution: Solution:
a)= a3x3b2x3c4x3 c) = 31x5x3x5y2x5
= a9b6c12 = 35x15y10
Solution: A number in index
notation raised to a
b) = 24x243x252x2 power can be simplified
by multiplying the
= 28x46x54
indices.
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Question
9:
Simplify each of the following.
a) (p7q2r3)2 x (-2p3q2r)2 b) 32(x5y2)3 4(x4y2)2
8p2qr3
Solution: Solution:
a)= (-2)2(p14+6q4+4r6+2) b) =32 (x15y6) (x8y4)
8p2qr3 4
= 4(p20-2q8-1r8-3) = 8(x15-8y6-4)
8 = 8x7y2
= 1(p18q7r5)
2
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Question 10:
Simplify each of the following.
a) (4a5b2)3 (2a3b)4 b) 23 x-3 x3
a2b
Solution:
Solution:
b) = 8 x-3- 3
a)= (4324)(a15-12b6-4)
a 2b = 8 x-6
=8 1
= (6416)(a 3-2
b 2-1
)
x6
= 4ab = 8 x x6
= 8x6
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Question 11:
Simplify each of the following.
a) 16y7 2 b) (x3y4)2 (x4y2)0
2y3
Solution: Solution:
a)= (8y7-3)2 b) = x3x2y4x2 1
= (8y4)2 = x6y8 1
= 82y4x2 = x6y8
= 64y8
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Question 12:
RewriteReciprocal
eachReciprocal
ofofthe following with a positve
2 is of 3 is
index. 5 1
5 2 3
a) 3 -4
Thus, the b) 2 -2
Thus, the
negative
negative index isindex is 5
Solution: changed
changed to a to a Solution:
positive index.
positive index.
a)= 1 4 b)= 5 2
3 2
= 1 = 25
81 4
= 6
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Question 13:
Simplify each of the following.
a) 3
8y4 b) 2253p6
1 4 3 6
=8 3
X y 3
= 25 2X p 2
1 4 3
= (2 3 3
) X y 3 = (5 )
2 2
X p 3
3x1 4 2x3
=2 3 X y 3
=5 2 X p3
4
= 2y 3
= 53p 3 = 125p3
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Question 14:
Simplify each of the following.
a) 5
2433 b) 6645m18
3 5 18
5
= 243 = 64 6X m6
3 5
= (3 5 5
) = (2 )
6 6
X m
3
5x3 6x5
=3 5
=2 6 X m3
3
= 3 = 27 = 25m 3 = 32m3
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Question 15:
Simplify each of the following.
4 2 1
5 3 4
a) 100 000 b) 27 x 33 81
4 2 1
= (10 5 5
) = (3 ) 3 3
X 3 (3 )
3 4 4
3x2 3 4x1
= 10
5x4
5 =3 3x3 3 4
2
= 10 4 =3 X 3 3
3 1
= 10 000 = 32+3-1 = 34 = 81
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Thank You
We cannot do everything at once
... but we can do something at
once.
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