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CHAPTER II
2.1.1 International
Imagine life without ice creams, fresh fruits, ice cold beer or frozen
entrees, going to grocery every day to buy product that are fresh. No fresh special
flowers to send to that special someone or medicines or computers. There are
several things to be considered in production of ice. Water quality is one of them.
To produce clean and crystal clear ice is depending on the quality of water that is
supplied to the unit.
The unit enables the students to study the Basic Principals of ice plant
cycle within a short period. The test rig is designed for the study of
thermodynamics of vapour compression refrigeration cycle. It has a facility to
measure various parameters for experimentation. Ice cans are kept in liquid tank,
which is cooled by the refrigerant evaporator. As conventional ice plants take 12-
24 hours to complete the cycle, the ice plant is specially designed to demonstrate
process of ice formation to be complete within period of 4 hours and hence it is
most suitable for laboratory use. The market price of the trainer is Php 60, 000.
(Superb Technology, 2016)
2.1.2 Local
2.1.2.1 example
W
in the brine tank resulting to thermal conductivity, U = 0.3215 m2 K .
Theoretically, the computed value for the freezing time of ice, considering the
brine is on final temperature, is 1800 seconds. Based on the experimentation, the
best result of freezing time of ice is 3 hours and 30 minutes froze up to 80% of its
volume. (University of the East Module modification of mini- Ice plant, 2015)
2.2.1 Local
They are discussed in Figure 2.1. (University of the East Mini Ice Plant
Feasibility Studies, 2014).
Condenser
Compressor
Expansion Device
Evaporator
Liquid Line/Suction Line heat Exchanger
1 Condenser
Its main purpose is to liquefy the refrigerant gas sucked by the compressor
from the evaporator. As condensation begins, the heat will flow from the
condenser into the air, only if the condensation temperature is higher than that of
the atmosphere. The high-pressure vapour in the condenser will be cooled to
become a liquid refrigerant again, this time with a little heat. The liquid
refrigerant will then flow from the condenser to a liquid line.
2 Compressor
3 Evaporator
An evaporator is used to turn any liquid material into gas. In this process,
heat is absorbed. The evaporator transfers heat from the refrigerated space into a
heat pump through a liquid refrigerant, which boils in the evaporator at a low-
pressure. In achieving heat transfer, the liquid refrigerant should be lower than the
goods being cooled. After the transfer, liquid refrigerant is drawn by the
compressor from the evaporator through a suction line. Liquid refrigerant will be
in vapour form upon leaving the evaporator coil.
4 Expansion Valve
The expansion valve is reached by the liquid refrigerant after it has been
condensed. Reducing the pressure of the refrigerant, its temperature will decrease
to a level below its atmosphere. This liquid will then be pumped into the
evaporator.
2.2.2 International
latent heat of vaporization, gets converted to vapour state and fed again to
compressor to complete the cycle.
The depth of brine tank is such that the brine level is around 25 mm higher
than the water level in the cans. The tank is insulated on all the four sides and
from the bottom. The insulated wooden lids are provided to cover the top in
segments, to facilitate the removal of ice cans. The ice cans are fabricated from
galvanized steel sheets and are given chromium treatment to prevent corrosion. In
order to get transparent ice, water in the can is agitated by the use of low pressure
air through the tubes suspended from the top. Due to agitation, the dissolved
impurities such as salt, even colors get collected in the unfrozen water core. It is
desirable that it should be taken out and replaced with fresh water (Ullah, 2016).