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Determine whether or not each of equations below are exact. If it is exact find
the solution by two methods.
1. (2x + 4y) + (2x 2y)y 0 = 0
Solution.
(2xy 2 + 2y)0y = 4xy + 2,
(2x2 y + 2x)0x = 4xy + 2.
That is the differential equation is exact. Find a solution by two methods.
Solution.
(ex sin y 2y sin x)0y = ex cos y 2 sin x,
(ex cos y + 2 cos x)0x = ex cos y 2 sin x.
Therefore, the differential equation is exact.
Method 1.
Z
(ex sin y 2y sin x)dx = ex sin y + 2y cos x + h(y).
Next,
ex cos y + 2 cos x + h0 (y) = ex cos y + 2 cos x.
Therefore,
h0 (y) = 0,
and
ex sin y + 2y cos x = c
is a solution.
Method 2.
Z x Z y
(eu sin 0 2 0 sin u)du + (ex cos v + 2 cos x)dv = ex sin y + 2y cos x = c.
0 0
6. (ex sin y + 3y)dx (3x ex sin y)dy = 0.
7. (yexy cos 2x 2exy sin 2x + 2x)dx + (xexy cos 2x 3)dy = 0.
8. (y/x + 6x)dx + (log x 2)dy = 0, x > 0.
3
Solution. We have:
(3x2 y + 2xy + y 3 )0y = 3x2 + 2x + 3y 2 ,
(x2 + y 2 )0x = 2x.
Therefore,
My0 (x, y) Nx0 (x, y)
= 3.
N (x, y)
Thus, an integrating factor is
Z
I(x, y) = I(x) = exp 3dx = e3x .
Solution. We have
(1)0y = 0,
1
(x/y sin y)0x = .
y
Therefore
Nx0 (x, y) My0 (x, y) 1
= .
M (x, y) y
Then, an integrating factor is
Z dy
I(x, y) = I(y) = exp = y,
y
and the differential equation
ydx + (x y sin y)dy = 0
is exact.