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simulations
The purpose of this document is to list down the various settings to be used
for fluid flow simulations. First of all, we will be using a pressure-based,
transient (http://www.engr.uconn.edu/~barbertj/CFD
%20Training/Fluent/4%20Solver%20Settings.pdfsolver. Also, energy
equation must be enabled.
For the competition-level scaled down POD, we can use Standard k-epsilon
model with standard wall functions can be used. We can also investigate
the changes by using enhanced wall treatment instead. This model cannot
be used for speeds of Mach1. For this, constant density of 1.225 kg/m3
and a Sutherlands law for viscosity can be used.
Boundary Conditions(BCs)
An important thing to note is the fact that the CAD model used for Structural
simulations cannot be used for Fluid flow simulations. For Fluid flow, we need
to extrude half-model of the structural POD from a cuboidal domain as can be
seen from FIG.1 below. Also, the thickness of the CAD model should be
sufficient to avoid far-field effects. However, in case the thickness is too
large, the number of grid cells will increase rapidly leading to very high
computational requirements. Also, in case we are simulating the Boundary
layer effects due to the close proximity between the POD and the tube
around the POD, the shape should be a half cylinder instead of a cuboid. In
that case, the curved portion of the half cylinder will be equivalent to an
ensemble of TOP, BEHIND FACE and BOTTOM.
The left most face is INLET. On this face, a Velocity Inlet BC with a x-
component velocity of ___ m/s with turbulence intensity of 10 % and
turbulence viscosity ratio of 10% can be used. Note that these are for
Standard k-epsilon model. For inviscid model, no need of specifying any
turbulence parameters.
The right most face is OUTLET. On this face, a Pressure outlet BC with
gauge pressure = 0 Pa can be used with backflow turbulence parameters
same as in the case of INLET. In case of inviscid model, again, there is no
need to specify any turbulence parameters.
The faces TOP, BOTTOM, BEHIND FACE, need to be subjected to Wall BC.
Now, there are two cases here-
In case we are neglecting the effects of the boundary layer and instead
simulating just the flow around the solid body, we need to use
Stationary wall BC
In both these cases, we can simulate for adiabatic wall, i.e., on the
Thermal tab on the Wall, we need to specify Heat flux = 0 W/m 2.
Solution methods
Solution Controls
Monitors
Set Drag and Lift coefficient monitors. For drag, it is going to act in the
direction of velocity, which is opposite to the nose of the POD in our case. So,
for FIG. 1, the direction of velocity is ve Z-direction. So, force vector is
(X=0;Y=0;Z=-1). For lift, it is (X=0;Y=1;Z=0).
And regarding convergence criteria, use 1e-03 for all the parameters except
for energy equation, for which, 5e-05 should suffice.
Finally, use a time step of 1e-03 atleast and run for atleast 1000 timesteps.
Reduce the time step size, Under-relaxation factors for the equation which is
diverging.
Cheers!