Int. J. Contemp. Math. Sciences, Vol. 7, 2012, no.

2, 89 - 94

k -Fractional Integrals and Application

S. Mubeen

National College of Business Administration and Economics

Gulberg-III, Lahore, Pakistan
smjhanda@gmail.com

G. M. Habibullah

National College of Business Administration and Economics

Gulberg-III, Lahore, Pakistan
mustafa1941@yahoo.com

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a variant of fractional integrals to be

called k -fractional integral which is based on k -gamma function. When k1,
it turns out to be the usual Riemann-Liouville fractional integral. Use of
k -fractional integrals is also illustrated.

Mathematics Subject Classification: 33B15, 33D05, 26A33

Keywords: k -Gamma Function, k -Beta Function, k -Fractional Integration

Recently, in a series of research publications, Diaz et al. [1, 2, 3] have

introduced k -gamma and k -beta functions and proved a number of their
properties. They have also studied k -zeta function and k -hypergeometric
functions based on Pochhammer k -symbols for factorial functions. It has been
followed by works of Mansour [7], Kokologiannaki [5], Kransniqi [6] and
Merovci [8] elaborating and strengthening study of k -gamma and k -beta
functions.

The k -gamma functions is defined by

90 S. Mubeen and G. M. Habibullah

n !k n ( nk ) k
x 1

k ( x ) = lim , (1)
n ( x )n,k
n 1
( x )n,k = ( x + jk ), k > 0 is the Pochhammer k -symbols for factorial function.
j =0
k
tk
It has been shown that the Mellin transform of the exponential function e is
the k -gamma function, explicitly given by
tk

k ( x ) = t ex 1 k
dt . (2)
0

Clearly, ( x ) = lim k ( x ) , k ( x ) = k k ( kx ) and k ( x + k ) = x k ( x ) .

x 1

k 1

This gives rise to k -beta function defined by

1
1 x 1
Bk ( x, y ) = t k (1 t ) k dt
y
1
(3)
k0
1 x y k ( x ) k ( y )
so that Bk ( x, y ) = B , and Bk ( x, y ) = . (4)
k k k k ( x + y )

Most of the functions involving or based on gamma function can be refined

by using k -gamma function. For example, k -Zeta and k -Mittag-Leffler
functions could be defined respectively by the formulae

1
k ( x, s ) = , k , x > 0, s > 1 (5)
j = 0 ( x + jk )
s

xj
and Ek , ( x ) = , , > 0 . (6)
j = 0 k ( j + )

Following Diaz [2], we define k -hypergeometric function Fk by the series

( ) j ,k
Fk ( )
( , k ) ; ( , k ) ; x =
j =0 ( ) j ,k
xj
j!
.

Its integral representations can be determined as follows

Fk ( ( , k ) ; ( , k ) ; x )
k ( )
xj
=
( )
k k ( )
Bk ( + jk , ) j!
j =0

k ( ) 1 + j 1
xj
( )
1
=
kk ( ) t k
k ( ) j = 0 0
1 t k
dt
j!

k - fractional integrals and application 91

( ) k 1
1
(1 t )

1 xt
k k ( ) k ( ) 0
= t k k
e dt . (7)

The k -gamma also leads to another interesting direction, k -fractional

integral defined by
x
( f ( x )) = k 1 1
(x t) f ( t ) dt.

Ik k
(8)
k ( ) 0
Note that when k1 , it then reduces to the classical Riemann-Liouville
fractional integral [4, pp.69]
x
I
( f ( x ) ) = ( x t ) 1 f ( t ) dt.
1
(9)
( )0
{Thinking simple, I k f exists in C0 if f C0 , where C0 be the class of all
functions which are continuous and integrable on the interval ( 0, )}.
Define formally I k ( f ) , < 0, to be the solution, if exists, of the

equation f = I g . Clearly, I f = I g implies f = g . Also, a use of (4) leads
to
( )
I k I k f = I k + f = I k I k f . ( ) (10)

k ( )
I k x k

1 + 1
Moreover, = xk k (11)
k ( + )
k ( )
I k ( x u ) k

1 + 1
and = ( x u )k k . (12)
k ( + )
We can extend the k -fractional integral by
x
I k , ( f ( x ) ) =
x k 1

( ) k t f ( t ) dt.
x t (13)
k k ( ) 0
A change of order of integration and use of (4) proves the relation
( )
I k + , I k , f = I k + , ( f ) . (14)
, 2 1
Furthermore, I k p ( f )( x ) : L L , p > 1 is a simple consequences of
p p

Schurs inequality [9, pp.196].

As an application, we now show that the integral operator H k ,

( f ),
92 S. Mubeen and G. M. Habibullah

Fk ( ( , k ) ; ( , k ) ; xt ) f ( t ) dt ,
2p +1
H k , ( f ) ( x ) = x
1
( xt )
k
(15)
0
p
is bounded in L . To do this, we first prove the following lemma.

Lemma: Let


2p

1
Tk
( f )( x ) = x k
t k e xt f ( t ) dt , ( x > 0 ) , (16)
0

2p xt

1
and Tk
*
( g )( x ) = x k
tk e g ( t ) dt , ( x > 0 ) . (17)
0
*
(i) If p > 1, > k
p
, then Tk ( f ) and Tk ( g ) are bounded in Lp ;

(ii)
f (t ) Tk* g ( t ) dt = g ( t )Tk f ( t ) dt; (18)
0 0
k k ( ) k ( ) k 1 k 1
(iii) Tk
*
( x ) ( t ) = t x Fk ( ( , k ) ; ( , k ) ; xt ) ,
k ( )
2 1
1
where x (t ) = ( x t ) k
t p , 0 < t < x < ; = 0, t x. (19)

( 1x ) .
2p
Proof: Write V ( f )( x) = x f Then V 2 f = f and V ( f ) is an isometry
p
in L . Now note that



Tk (V ( f ) ) ( x ) = x t k e xt (V ( f ) ) ( t ) dt , ( x > 0 )
2p

k 1

0
2
p 1 xy
f ( y ) dy .
2
= xk yp k
e
0

1p + k 1 u
Since u e du is finite when p > 1 and > kp ,
0

Tk (V ( f ) ) : Lp Lp , so is Tk ( f ) = Tk V 2 ( f ) .

( )
To prove (iii), let x > 0 . Then
k - fractional integrals and application 93

x
1 1 ty
Tk* ( x ) ( t ) = y k
( x y) k
e dy
0
k k ( ) k ( ) k 1 k 1
= t x Fk ( ( , k ) ; ( , k ) ; xt ) .
k ( )

Theorem: If p > 1, > kp , > 0 , then H k, ( f ) is bounded in Lp .

Proof: Employ k -fractional integral to get

2p +1 k x
{ ( f )}

x 1 2p 1

( x) = ( ) t Tk ( f )( t ) dt.
k k ( ) 0
I k , 2 1 Tk x t k
p

2p +1 k
* 1 2p 1

x
( ) ( )
k k ( ) 0
= f t T x t k
t dt
k
2 +1
f ( t ) Tk * ( x ( t ) ) dt .
x p k

=
k k ( ) 0
It, thus, implies that

Fk ( ( , k ) ; ( , k ) ; xt ) f ( t ) dt
2p +1
H k , ( f ) ( x ) = x
1
( xt )
k

0
2 +1
k ( ) x p k
= f ( t ) Tk* ( x ) ( t )dt
k k ( ) k ( ) 0
k ( )
= {
I k , 2 1 Tk ( f ) ( x ) .
k ( ) p
}
Hence, if p > 1, > kp , > 0 , then
k ( )
H k, ( f )
p
=
k ( ) p
(
I k , 2 1 Tk ( f ) ) p
C Tk ( f )
p
C f p
,

where C is a constant depending upon p, k , and . Consequently, it follows

that H k , ( f ) is bounded in Lp .
94 S. Mubeen and G. M. Habibullah

References

[1] R. Diaz and C. Teruel, q, k -Generalized gamma and beta functions, J.

Nonlinear Math. Phys., 12 (2005), 118-134.
[2] R. Diaz and E. Pariguan, On hypergeometric functions and Pochhammer
k -symbol, Divulg. Mat., 15 (2007), 179-192.
[3] R. Diaz, C. Ortiz and E. Pariguan, On the k -gamma q -distribution, Cent.
Eur. J. Math., 8 (2010), 448-458.
[4] A.A. Kilbas, H.M. Srivastava, and J.J. Trujillo, Theory and Applications of
Fractional Differential Equations, North-Holland Mathematical Studies, Vol.
204, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2006.
[5] C. G. Kokologiannaki, Properties and inequalities of generalized k - gamma,
beta and zeta functions, Int. J. Contemp. Math. Sciences, 5 (2010), 653-660.
[6] V. Krasniqi, A limit for the k -gamma and k -beta function, Int. Math.
Forum, 5 (2010), 1613-1617.
[7] M. Mansour, Determining the k -generalized gamma function k ( x ) by
functional equations, Int. J. Contemp. Math. Sciences, 4 (2009), 1037-1042.
[8] F. Merovci, Power product inequalities for the k function, Int. J. of Math.
Analysis, 4 (2010), 1007-1012.
[9] G. O. Okikiolu, Aspects of the Theory of Bounded Linear Operators,
Academic Press INC., London, 1971.

Received: June, 2011