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Human trafficking is the trade of humans, most commonly for the purpose of sexual

slavery, forced labor, or commercial sexual exploitationfor the trafficker or others.[1][2] This may
encompass providing a spouse in the context of forced marriage,[3][4][5] or the extraction of organs
or tissues,[6][7] including for surrogacy and ova removal.[8] Human trafficking can occur within a
country or trans-nationally. Human trafficking is a crime against the person because of the
violation of the victim's rights of movement through coercion and because of their
commercial exploitation. Human trafficking is the trade in people, and does not necessarily
involve the movement of the person from one place to another.

According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), forced labor alone (one component of
human trafficking) generates an estimated $150 billion in profits per annum as of 2014.[9] In
2012, the ILO estimated that 21 million victims are trapped in modern-day slavery. Of these,
14.2 million (68%) were exploited for labor, 4.5 million (22%) were sexually exploited, and 2.2
million (10%) were exploited in state-imposed forced labor.[10]

Human trafficking is thought to be one of the fastest-growing activities of trans-national criminal


organizations.[11]

Human trafficking is condemned as a violation of human rights by international conventions. In


addition, human trafficking is subject to adirective in the European Union.

Elements Of Human Trafficking

On the basis of the definition given in the Trafficking in Persons Protocol, it is evident that
trafficking in persons has three constituent elements;
The Act (What is done)
Recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons
The Means (How it is done)
Threat or use of force, coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of power or vulnerability, or
giving payments or benefits to a person in control of the victim
The Purpose (Why it is done)
For the purpose of exploitation, which includes exploiting the prostitution of others, sexual
exploitation, forced labour, slavery or similar practices and the removal of organs.
To ascertain whether a particular circumstance constitutes trafficking in persons, consider the
definition of trafficking in the Trafficking in Persons Protocol and the constituent elements of the
offense, as defined by relevant domestic legislation.

Criminalization Of Human Trafficking


The definition contained in article 3 of the Trafficking in Persons Protocol is meant to provide
consistency and consensus around the world on the phenomenon of trafficking in persons. Article
5 therefore requires that the conduct set out in article 3 be criminalized in domestic legislation.
Domestic legislation does not need to follow the language of the Trafficking in Persons Protocol
precisely, but should be adapted in accordance with domestic legal systems to give effect to the
concepts contained in the Protocol.
In addition to the criminalization of trafficking, the Trafficking in Persons Protocol requires
criminalization also of:
Attempts to commit a trafficking offence
Participation as an accomplice in such an offence
Organizing or directing others to commit trafficking.
National legislation should adopt the broad definition of trafficking prescribed in the Protocol.
The legislative definition should be dynamic and flexible so as to empower the legislative
framework to respond effectively to trafficking which:

THE 11 ADVANTAGE OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING

11 Things You Should Know About Human Trafficking:

1. According to the article titled Human Trafficking in Wikipedia, human trafficking is the
largest growing criminal activity in the world. Only the drug trade makes more money and,
perhaps, causes more misery. Also, human trafficking usually involves women and children. The
Council of Europe estimates that perhaps $42 billion in United States dollars (USD) is generated
per year in human trafficking. Moreover, human trafficking doesnt include human smuggling,
which involves people voluntarily paying others to smuggle them from one location to another.

2. According to the State Department of the United States, as many as 820,000 men, women and
children are trafficked in the world every year. Eighty per cent are women and girls and up to 50
per cent are minors.
3. Human traffickers also abduct men, who are then forced to perform labor, usually of the
unskilled variety, such as working in sweatshops, and may even include begging. In Thailands
fishing industry, men are often abducted and forced to work on fishing boats for years at a time,
or until they can escape or die. According to the International Labor Organization, this sort of
trafficking generates more than $30 billion (USD) annually.

4. Sex trafficking is a major aspect of this nefarious "business." Traffickers entice the weak
and/or the unwary and then coerce them into prostitution, dancing in strip clubs, performing in
X-rated films or showing themselves in pornographic publications. In places, a kind of "sex
tourism" has sprung from these abominable practices. Perhaps the worst of this trade is a sexual
servitude from which escape is nearly impossible.

5. In parts of Africa, particularly Ghana, in order to settle an offense, a virgin female member of
the offending family may be forced to serve as a sex slave. And this is done without the woman
receiving the title of wife. In Ghana, Togo and Benin, women are made to act as shrine sex
slaves, a kind of ritual servitude. (Please keep in mind that parts of Africa are suffering an AIDS
epidemic.) Also, in the Eastern European country of Moldova, as much as 10 per cent of the
female population has been sold into prostitution!

6. The definition for the trafficking of women for sexual purposes can be different in every
country. In general, it involves the physical coercion of women for the purpose of prostitution,
even though the actual movement of the women in question may not have taken place. For
example, anybody in the United States under the age of 18 who is involved in the commercial
sex trade qualifies as a trafficking victim.

7. Per an online article entitled Human Trafficking Survivor: I was raped 43,200 times on the
website www.cnn.com, dated November 10, 2015, Karla Jacinto told a journalist that over a
period of about four years she was raped by as many as 30 men per day, seven days a week.
Jacinto said while living in Tenancingo, Mexico, where sex trafficking is some of the worst in the
world, a man identifying himself as a used car salesman, befriended her for a few months, until
he told her she had to perform sex acts for money. At the time, Jacinto was only 12 years old.
Then the salesman sent her to Guadalajara, after which four years of hell ensued. Now 23,
Jacinto is an advocate against human trafficking, telling everyone who wants to know her
horrific personal account.

8. Child trafficking takes many forms. Children may be forced to work under dangerous working
conditions. Or their labor may be exchanged for temporary or permanent bondage; or they may
be forced into military service, prostitution, pornography, the illegal drug trade or illicit
international adoption. Often parents sell their children to traffickers to relieve debt, in order to
survive, or because they think their children will be given a better life.

Thailand and Brazil may have the worst records regarding the trafficking of children for the sex
trade. Be that as it may, every year thousands of children from Asia, Africa and South America
are sold into the international sex industry. Tragically, in the poorest parts of Mexico, such as the
state of Chiapas, traffickers sell children for as little as $100 to $200 per child. Human rights
groups say Chiapas is one of the worst parts of the world for child prostitution.

9. A common misconception is that poor countries primarily take part in the trafficking of human
beings. Actually most of the destination countries for human trafficking are in relatively affluent
countries such as the United States, Japan, India, Thailand, Turkey and Western European
countries such as Italy and Germany. In the U.S, much has been done to try to stop human
trafficking, including the passage of the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Bill of 2007.

10. Perhaps the worst kind of trafficking is for the purpose of stealing peoples organs. After all,
once your organs are gone - so are you! This monstrous activity is not just an urban legend.
According to the Web site Human and Organ Trafficking organ brokers arrange with wealthy
clients for the transplant of organs for between $100,000 and $200,000 per organ. (This mostly
illegal business, except in Iran, has spawned an activity known as "organ tourism.") But the man
or woman giving up a kidney will only make about $1,000!

11. According to the Web site info.gozoe.org, the best defense against human trafficking is
education, though educating poor and illiterate people will be always be difficult. Imposing stiff
penalties for people caught in this illicit and dastardly trade is also important. In this regard,
Thailand is the first country in Southeast Asia to enforce greater penalties for the customers of
human trafficking rather than the sellers, particularly involving minors coerced into the
commercial sex trade.

Conclusion

Just about every part of the world except Antarctica is plagued by human trafficking. However,
the poorest regions of the world, particularly those in South America, Africa and East Asia seem
to produce the most victims of this heinous crime. Nevertheless, something can be done about
human trafficking. The strategy requires plenty of education and outrage, but compassion is
perhaps the greatest weapon of all. Of course, getting involved in the fight would make a big
difference as well.

PUNISHABLE OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING

HUMAN TRAFFICKING. PENALTIES. INITIATIVE STATUTE. Increases criminal penalties

for human trafficking, including prison sentences up to 15-years-to-life and fines up to

$1,500,000. Fines collected to be used for victim services and law enforcement. Requires

person convicted of trafficking to register as sex offender. Requires sex offenders to provide

information regarding Internet access and identities they use in online activities. Prohibits

evidence that victim engaged in sexual conduct from being used against victim in court

proceedings. Requires human trafficking training for police officers.

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