Module - 7

MODULE-VII CALCULATION OF NATURAL FREQUENCY VIBRATION ENGINEERING 2014
VTU-NPTEL-NMEICT
Project Progress Report
The Project on Development of Remaining Three Quadrants to NPTEL
t
Phase-I under grant in aid NMEICT, MHRD, New Delhi
c
o je
Subject Matter Expert Details
Pr
Dr.MOHAMED HANEEF
SME Name : T
C PRINCIPAL,
EI
VTU SENATE MEMBER
M
N
Course Name: Vibration engineering

-
EL
PT
Type of the web

-N
Course
U
VT
Module VII
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING,

GHOUSIA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,
RAMANARAM -562159
Dr.MOHAMED HANEEF ,PRINCIPAL,GHOUSIA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ,RAMANAGARAM

Page 1 of 64
CONTENTS
Sl.
DISCRETION
No.
1.
Lecture Notes (Calculation of Natural Frequency).
ct
2.
je
Quadrant -2
o
Pr
a. Animations.
T
b. Videos. C
EI
c. Illustrations.
M
N
3.
Quadrant -3
-
EL
a. Wikis.
PT
b. Open Contents
-N
U
VT
4.
Quadrant -4
a. Problems.
b. Self Answered Question & Answer.

Page 2 of 64
Module-VII
CALCULATION OF NATURAL FREQUENCY
1. Rayleighs Method:
This is the energy method to find the frequency. This method is used to find the natural frequency of the
system when transverse point loads are acting on the beam or shaft. Good estimate of fundamental
frequency can be made by assuming the suitable deflection curve for the fundamental mode. The
t
maximum kinetic energy is equated to maximum potential energy of the system to determine the natural
c
je
frequency.
Pr
=
2
Where: 1 = 1 11 + 2 12
T
C
EI
2 = 1 12 + 2 22
M
N
2. Stodola Method:
-
EL
The stodola method may be set up in the following tabular form as follows, assuming an arbitrary set of
values for the fundamental principal mode, the inertia force acting on each mass is equal to the product of
PT
the assumed deflection and the square of the natural frequency as shown in row 2. The spring force in row
-N
3 is equal to the total inertia force acting on each spring. Row 4 is obtained by dividing row 3, term by
U
term, by their respective spring constants. The calculated deflections in row 5 are found by adding the
VT
deflections due to the springs, with the mass near the fixed end having the least deflection and so on. The
calculated deflections are then compared with the assumed deflections. This process is continued until the
calculated deflections are proportional to the assumed deflections. When this is true the assumed
deflections will represent the configuration of the fundamental principal mode of vibration of the system.
k1 m1 k2 m2 K3 M3
1.Assumed deflection
2.Inertia force
3.Spring force
4.Spring deflection

Page 3 of 64
5.Calculated deflection
3. Matrix Iteration Method:

This is an iterative procedure that leads to the principal modes of vibration of a system and its natural
frequencies.
c t
je
Displacements of the masses are estimated, from which the matrix equation of the system is written. The
o
influence coefficients of the system are substituted into the matrix equation which is then expanded.
Pr
Normalization of the displacement and expansion of the matrix is repeated. This process is continued until
T
the first mode repeat itself to any desired degree of accuracy.
C
EI
For the next higher modes and natural frequencies, the orthogonality principle is used to obtain a new
M
matrix equation that is free from any lower modes the iterative procedure is repeated.
- N
EL
4. Holzer Method & Dunkerleys Method:

PT
i) Holzer Method
-N
Begin the Holzer tabulation with the column of position, indicating the masses of the system.
The second column is for the values of the different masses of the system; this information is
U
VT
given. The third column is the product of mass and frequency squared. Displacement comes
next, and is obtained from the preceding row minus the total displacement at the end of the same
row. Column five is just the product of columns three and four. The total inertia force is inserted
in column six. It is equal to the sum of the total inertia force in the preceding row plus the inertia
force on the same row. The rest are plainly evident.
An initial displacement, usually equal to unity for convenience, is assumed. If the assumed
frequency happens to be one of the natural frequencies of the systems, the final total inertia force
on the system should be zero. This is because the system is having free vibration. If the final total
inertia force is not equal to zero, the amount indicates the discrepancy of the assumed frequency.

Page 4 of 64
Positio
2
m1 m 1 2 xi m1xi2 2
n 1 1

Assumed frequency, =
ii) Dunkerleys Method
c t
The Dunkerleys equation for multi dot system is given by
o je
1/ n 2 =1/ 1 2 + 1/ 2 2 + 3 3 + ..
Pr
Where n = fundamental natural frequency of the system.
T
C
1, 2, 3 etc. are the natural frequency of the system with each mass acting separately at its
EI
M
point of application, in the absence of other masses, using influence coefficients Prof. Dunkerley
N
has suggested the following empirical equation.

-
EL
1/ n 2 = 11 m 1 + 22 m 2 + 33 m 3 + ..
PT
Dunkerleys equation is used to determine the fundamental natural frequency of the system
-N
U
VT

Page 5 of 64
QUADRANT-2
Animations
(Animation links related ,Calculation of natural frequencies)
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibration
2. http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Engineering/Courses/En4/notes_old/Freevibes/freevibes.htm
l
3. http://iitg.vlab.co.in/?sub=62&brch=175&sim=1077&cnt=2
4. http://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell/Demos/absorber/DynamicAbsorber.html
5. http://scholar.cu.edu.eg/?q=anis/files/mpe_-_2013-02-10_-_introduction.pdf
Videos
t
c
je
(video links related , Calculation of natural frequencies)
o
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ydflDCPUgYo
Pr
http://nptel.iitg.ernet.in/Mech_Engg/IIT%20Guwahati/Vibration%20Engineering(Video).htm

T
www.youtube.com/watch?v=FwN-webXqnE
http://freevideolectures.com/Course/2684/Mechanical-Vibrations/30
C
http://www.cosmolearning.com/video-lectures/matrix-iteration-method-11564/
EI
www.freestudy.co.uk/dynamics/holzer.pdf
M
http://www.cdeep.iitb.ac.in/nptel/Mechanical/Dynamics%20of%20Machines/Course_home1
N
2.5.html
-
EL
http://www.cdeep.iitb.ac.in/nptel/Mechanical/Dynamics%20of%20Machines/Course_home1
2.4.html
PT
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pTRb6LVWiUM
-N
U
VT

Page 6 of 64
ILLUSTRATIONS
1. Find the fundamental vibration for the system shown in figure (1), by using Rayleighs
method.
K 2K 3K
3m 2m m
Fig: (1)
ct
Solution:
je
First Influence coefficients are:
o
Pr
1 1
11 = & 12 = 13 =

By Maxwell reciprocal theorem
T
C
EI
21 = 12 ; 13 = 31
M
1
11 = 12 = 13 = 21 = 31 =
N

-
EL
Second Influence coefficients are:

PT
22 =

1 1 1 3
-N
Where = + 2 = 2

U
=

VT

= =

Third Influence coefficients are:

33 =

1 1 1 1 11
Where = + 2 + 3 = 6

11
=
6

Page 7 of 64
By using Rayleighs method

1 = 1 11 + 2 12 + 3 13
2 = 1 21 + 2 22 + 3 23 (1)
3 = 1 31 + 2 32 + 3 33
1 1 1
= + 2(9.81) + (9.81) = .
3(9.81)

1 3 3
= 3(9.81) + 2(9.81) + (9.81) = .
2k 2k
1 3 11
= 3(9.81) + 2(9.81) + (9.81) = .
2k 6
Natural frequency is
c t
1 1 + 2 2 + 3 3
je
=
1 1 2 + 2 2 2 + 3 3 2
o
Pr
m m m
9.81 3m 58.86 + 2m 73.575 + 76.84
T
= k C k k
m 2 m 2 m 2
3 58.86 + 2 73.575 + 76.84
k k k
EI
M

= . /
N

-
EL
PT
-N
U
method.
VT
m1=100 kg m2=50 kg
180mm
180mm
300mm
Fig: (2)
7 4
= 4 10 ; == 1.96 1011 /2
Static deflection at two points is given by

Page 8 of 64
1 = 1 11 + 2 12
2 = 1 12 + 2 22
3 3 2 (3 )
11 = ; 22 = & 12 = 21 =
3 3 6
3 3
11 = = = 2.47 108 /
3 3
3 3
22 = = = 1.148 108 /
3 3
2 (3 )
12 = 21 = = 4.599 108 /
6
c t
je
8 8 5
o
1 = 100(9.81) 2.47 10 + 50(9.81) 4.599 10 = 4.85 10
Pr
8 8 4
2 = 100(9.81) 4.599 10 + 50(9.81) 1.148 10 = 1.044 10
T
C
1 1 + 2 2
=
EI
2 2
1 1 + 2 2
M
N
9.81[(100 4.85 105 ) + (50 1.044 104 )]

=
-
100(4.85 105 )2 + 50 (1.044 104 )2

EL
= . /
PT
-N
U
VT
3. Using Stodola method to find the fundamental mode of vibration and its natural frequency of
the spring mass system shown in the figure given K 1 = K 2 =K 3 =1 N/M & m 1 =m 2 =
m 3 =1kg.
Trials K 1 =1K m 1 =1m K 2 =1K m 2 =1m K 3 =1K m 3 =1m

1. Assumed deflection 1 1 1
2. Inertia force 1 2 1 2 1 2
3. Spring force 32 22 2
4. Spring deflection 32 22 2
5. Calculated deflection 32 22 2

Page 9 of 64
Calculated deflection
1 1.66 2

1. Assumed deflection 1 1.66 2
2. Inertia force 1.66
1 2 2 2
2
3. Spring force 4.662 3.662 22
4. Spring deflection 4.662 3.662 22
5. Calculated deflection 4.662 8.322 10.322
1 1.78 2.214
4.66
1. Assumed deflection
t
1 1.78 2.214
c
je
1 2 2.214 2
2
o
Pr
3. Spring force 4.992 3.992 2.212
4. Spring deflection 4.992 3.992 2.212
T
C
EI
M
1 1.799 2.24
4.66
- N
EL
The values are closed to previous values; hence the fundamental principle mode or frequency is
PT
given by
1
-N
1.78 = 4.9942 + 8.982 + 11.1292

2.214
U
VT
= 0.448 rad/sec
4. Using Stodola method to find the fundamental mode of vibration and its natural frequency
for the branch system shown in fig:

Page 10 of 64
3m
7K 5K
4m 2m
5K
Fig: (5)
Solution:
t
1 1 1
c
je
o
Pr
5. Calculated deflection 1.222
T 1.882 1.62
C
EI
1 1.48 1.312
1.222
M
N
1. Assumed deflection 1 1.48 1.312

-
2. Inertia force 4 2 4.3 2 2.6 2

EL
3. Spring force 11.012 4.3892 2.622

PT

-N

U
VT
1 1.557 1.33
1.5732
2. Inertia force 4 2 4.6 2 2.66 2
3. Spring force 11.312 4.62 2.662

1 1.57 1.32
1.6152

Page 11 of 64
given by
1
1.57 = 1.62 + 2.52 + 2.1472
1.32
= 786 rad/sec
5. Determine the natural frequency of the system shown in fig: by using matrix iteration
method.
ct
3K
oje
4m
Pr
K
T
Fig: (8) 2mC
EI
K
M
N
3m
-
EL
Solution:
PT
We solve by influence coefficient method, the influence coefficient for the given system can by
written are as follows by applying unit force at the 1st mass.
-N
1
11 =
U
3
VT
Then, 2nd & 3rd mass will simply move by the same amount due to the action of unit force at
1
first mass 12 = 13 = 3

21 = 12 ; 13 = 31
1
11 = 12 = 13 = 21 = 31 =
3
By applying unit force on 2nd mass we get

1 1 1 4
= + =
3 3

Page 12 of 64
4
= = =
3 3
4

= =


33 =

1 1 1 1 7
Where = 3 + + = 3

t
=
c
3
o je
Pr
From the influence coefficient theory the equation of motion can be written as follows
1 = 11 1 1 + 12 2 2 + 13 3 3
2 =
T
21 1 1 + 22 2 2 + 23 3 3 (1)
3 =
C
31 1 1 + 32 2 2 + 33 3 3
EI
Substituting the values of present given problems & replacing by 2 the above equation can
M
be written as = 2
N
1 1 1
-
1 = 4(2 1 ) + 2(2 2 ) + (2 3 )
EL
3K 3 3
1 4 4
2 = 4(2 1 ) + 2 (2 2 ) + (2 3 ) (1)
PT
3 3 3
1 4 7
3 = 4(2 1 ) + 2 (2 2 ) + (2 3 )
-N
3 3 3
U
VT
1 1 1
1 = 42 1 + 2 2 2 + 2 3
3 3 3
1 4 4
2 = 42 1 + 2 2 2 + 2 3 (1)
3 3 3
1 4 7
3 = 42 1 + 2 2 2 + 2 3
3 3 3
The above equation can be represented in matrix notations as follows

Page 13 of 64
4 2 1

1 3 3 3
1
2 4 8 4

2 = 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 8 7
3 3 3
1 1
2 4 2 1

2 = 4 8 4 2
3 3 3
4 8 7
To start the matrix iteration method we assume the following values,
1st Iteration:
1 = 1; 2 = 2; 3 = 4;
t
1 2 4 2 1 1 2 12 2 1 4 2 1
c
je
2 = 4 8 4 2 = 36 = 12 3 = 3
3 3 3
4 4 8 7 4 48 4 4
o
Pr
nd
2 Iteration:
1 = 1; 2 = 3; 3 = 4;
T
1 2 4 2 1 1
C
2 14 2 1
EI
3 = 4 8 4 3 = 44 = 14 3.143
3 3 3
4 4 8 7 4 56 4
M
rd
3 Iteration:
- N
1 = 1; 2 = 3.143; 3 = 4;
EL
1 2 4 2 1 1 2 14.286 2 1
3.143 = 4 8 4 3.143 = 45.144 = 14.286 3.1600
PT
3 3 3
4 4 8 7 4 57.144 4.040
-N
U
4th Iteration:
VT
1 = 1; 2 = 3.16; 3 = 4;
1 2 4 2 1 1 2 14.320 2 1
3.16 = 4 8 4 3.16 = 57.28 = 14.32 3.162
3 3 3
4.040 4 8 7 4.040 57.28 4
Since the values are obtained to initial values the first mode of the fundamental frequency is
2
1= 14.232
3

= .


Page 14 of 64
t
c
je
method.
o
Pr
3m
T
7K 5K C
EI
4m 2m
M
5K
N
Fig: (9)
-
EL
PT
-N
Solution:
U
VT

1
11 =
7
1

21 = 12 ; 13 = 31
1
11 = 12 = 13 = 21 = 31 =
7

Page 15 of 64

1 1 1 12
= + =
7 5 35
12
= = =
35 35
12
Since mass three has not connected to mass 2, where

= = =

t
c
je

33 =
Pr
1 1 1 12
Where = 7 + 5 = 35

T
12
=
C35
EI
M
N
1 = 11 1 1 + 12 2 2 + 13 3 3
-
EL
2 = 21 1 1 + 22 2 2 + 23 3 3 (1)
3 = 31 1 1 + 32 2 2 + 33 3 3
PT
-N
be written as = 2
1 1 1
U
1 = 4(2 1 ) + 2(2 2 ) + (2 3 )
3K 3 3
VT

1 4 4
2 = 4(2 1 ) + 2 ( 2 )
2 + ( 3
2 ) (1)
3 3 3
1 4 7
3 = 4(2 1 ) + 2
2 ( 2 ) + 2
( 3 )
3 3 3
1 1 1
1 = 42 1 + 3 2 2 + 22 3
7 7 7
1 12 1
2 = 42 1 + 3 2 2 + 22 3 (1)
7 35 7
1 1 12
3 = 42 1 + 2
3 2 + 2
2 3
7 7 35

Page 16 of 64

4 3 2

1 7 7 7
4 36 2
1
2 =
2 2
3 7 35 7 3
4 3 24
7 7 35
1 1
2 4 3 2
2 = 4 7.2 2 2
3 7 3
4 3 4.8
t c
je
1st Iteration:
o
Pr
1 = 1; 2 = 2; 3 = 3;
1 2 4 3 2 1 2 16 2 1
T
2 = 4 7.2 2 2 = C24.4 = 16 1.525
7 7 3
3 4 3 4.8 3 24.4 1.525
EI
2nd Iteration:
M
1 = 1; 2 = 1.525; 3 = 1.525;
N
1 2 4 3 2 1 2 11.625 2 1
-
EL
1.525 = 4 7.2 2 1.525 = 18.03 = 11.625 1.55

7 7 3
1.525 4 3 4.8 1.525 15.89 1.36
PT
3rd Iteration:
-N
1 = 1; 2 = 1.55; 3 = 1.36;
1 2 4 3 2 1 2 11.37 1
U
2
1.55 = 4 7.2 2 1.55 = 17.88 = 11.37 1.572
VT
7 7 3
1.36 4 3 4.8 1.36 13.88 1.33
4th Iteration:
1 = 1; 2 = 1.572; 3 = 1.33;
1 2 4 2 1 1 2 11.37 2 1
1.572 = 4 8 4 1.572 = 25.138 = 11.37 1.58
7 7 3
1.33 4 8 7 1.33 17.09344 1.327
2
1= 11.37
7

Page 17 of 64

= .

7. By using Holzer method, find the natural frequencies of the system in fig 10: assume
K=1N/m; m=1 kg.
3K
4m
c t
je
K
o
Pr
Fig: (10) 2m
T
K
C
EI
m
M
Solution:
- N
Assumed
2
EL
Position mi m i 2 xi m1xi2 2
frequency 1 1

PT
Trial-1 1 1 0.01 1.0 0.01 0.01 1 0.01

-N
= 0.1 2 2 0.02 0.99 0.0198 0.0298 1 0.0298

U
2 = 0.01 3 4 0.04 0.96 0.0384 0.0682 3 0.0227

VT
4 0.93
Trial-2 1 1 0.04 1 0.04 0.04 1 0.04
= 0.2 2 2 0.08 0.96 0.077 0.117 1 0.117
2 = 0.04 3 4 0.16 0.84 0.1324 0.249 3 0.083
4 0.76
Trial-3 1 1 0.16 1 0.16 0.160 1 0.160
= 0.4 2 2 0.32 0.84 0.269 0.429 1 0.429
2 = 0.16 3 4 0.64 0.411 0.264 0.693 3 0.231

Page 18 of 64
4 0.180
Trial-4 1 1 0.25 1.0 0.25 0.25 1 0.25
= 0.5 2 2 0.5 0.75 0.375 0.625 1 0.625
2 = 0.25 3 4 1 0.125 0.125 0.750 3 0.250
4 -0.125
Trial-5 1 1 0.36 1.0 0.36 0.36 1 0.36
= 0.60 2 2 0.72 0.64 0.46 0.82 1 0.820
2 = 0.36 3 4 1.44 -0.18 -0.259 0.561 3 0.187
4 -0.367
t
Trial-6 1 1 0.64 0.1 0.64 0.640 1 0.64
c
je
= 0.80 2 2 1.28 0.36 0.461 1.101 1 0.101
o
2 = 0.64
Pr
3 4 2.56 -0.741 -1.90 -0.80 3 -0.267
4 -0.474
T
Trial-7 1 1 1
C 1 1 1 1 1
EI
= 1.0 2 2 2 0 0 1 1 1
M
2 = 1.0 3 4 4 -1 -4 -3 3 -1
N
4 0
-
EL
Trial-8 1 1 1.44 1 1.44 1.44 1 1.44

PT
= 1.2 2 2 2.88 -0.44 -1.27 0.17 1 0.17

2 = 1.44 3 4 5.76 -0.61 -3.51 -3.34 3 -1.11
-N
4 0.50
U
VT
Trial-9 1 1 1.96 1.0 1.96 1.96 1 1.96

= 1.4 2 2 3.92 0.96 -3.76 -1.80 1 -1.80
2 = 1.96 3 4 7.84 0.84 6.58 4.78 3 1.59
4 -0.75
Plot the graph with the assumed frequencies against the displacement in the rectangle box to get
1 , 2 & 3

Page 19 of 64
Ans. From the graph

, = . /
= . /
= . /
c t
o je
Pr
8. By using Holzer method, find the natural frequencies of the system in fig 10: assume K t1 =
T
K t1 = K t2 = K t3 =1N/m; J 1 = J 2 = J 3 = kg.
C
EI
M
- N
EL
Kt1 Kt2 J2 Kt3

J1 J3
PT
or
or or
-N
U
Fig: (11)
VT
Solution:
Assumed
2
Position Ji Ji 2
i Jii 2
2
frequency 1 1

Trial-1 1 1 0.25 1 0.25 0.25 1 0.25

= 0.5 2 1 0.25 -0.75 0.1875 0.4375 1 0.4375
2 = 0.25 3 1 0.25 0.3125 0.0781 0.515
Trial-2 1 1 0.562 1 0.562 0.562 1 0.5625
= 0.75 2 1 0.562 0.438 0.2461 0.801 1 0.8086

Page 20 of 64
2 = 0.5625 3 1 0.562 -0.3705 0.208 0.6305

Trial-3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
=1 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 1
2 = 1 3 1 1 -1 -1 0
Trial-4 1 1 2.25 1 2.25 2.25 1 2.25
= 1.5 2 1 2.25 -1.25 -2.8125 -0.5625 1 -0.5625
2 = 2.25 3 1 2.25 -0.6875 -1.5469 -2.1094
Trial-5 1 1 4 1 4 4 1 4
=2 2 1 4 -3 -12 -8 1 -8
2 = 4
t
3 1 4 5 20 12
c
o je
Pr
T
C
EI
M
N
1 , 2 & 3
-
EL
PT
Ans. From the graph

, = . /
-N
= . /
U
VT
= . /

Page 21 of 64
9. Find the fundamental vibration for the system shown in figure (12), by using Dunkerleys
Method.
K 2K 3K
3m 2m m
Fig: (12)
Solution:
1 1
t
11 = & 12 = 13 =
o je
Pr
1
11 =

T
C
EI

22 =
M

1 1 1 3
N
Where = + 2 = 2

-

EL
=

PT

-N
33 =

U
1 1 1 1 11
Where = + 2 + 3 =
VT
11
=
6
By using Dunkerleys method
1/ n 2 = 11 m 1 + 22 m 2 + 33 m 3 + ..
1
=
11 m1 + 22 m2 + 33 m3

Page 22 of 64
1
=
1 11
(3m) + (2m) + 6 (m)

= . /

Method.
t
m1=100 kg m2=50 kg
c
o je
Pr
180mm
T
180mm
300mm
C
EI
Fig: (13)
M
= 4 107 4 ; == 1.96 1011 /2

- N
EL

PT
3 3
11 = ; 22 =
3 3
-N
3 3
U
11 = = = 2.47 108 /
3 3
VT
3 3
22 = = = 1.148 108 /
3 3

1/ n 2 = 11 m 1 + 22 m 2
1
=
11 m1 + 22 m2

Page 23 of 64
1
=
(2.47 108 )(100) + (1.148 108 )(50)
= . /
t
QUADRANT-3
c
je
Wikis:
o
Pr
(This includes wikis related to Calculation of Natural Frequencies)
T
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayleigh%E2%80%93Ritz_method:
C
http://en.cyclopaedia.net/wiki/Rayleigh-Ritz
EI
http://elearning.vtu.ac.in/14/enotes/Mech%20vib/8-SKKudari.pdf
M
http://elearning.vtu.ac.in/P6/enotes/ME65/Unit8-SKK.pdf
N
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigenvalues_and_eigenvectors
-
www.freestudy.co.uk/dynamics/holzer.pdf
EL
http://www.cdeep.iitb.ac.in/nptel/Mechanical/Dynamics%20of%20Machines/Course_ho
PT
me12.5.html
-N
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunkerley's_method
U
http://www.cdeep.iitb.ac.in/nptel/Mechanical/Dynamics%20of%20Machines/Course_ho
VT
me12.4.html

Page 24 of 64
Open Contents:
Mechanical Vibrations, S. S. Rao, Pearson Education Inc, 4th edition, 2003.
Mechanical Vibrations, V. P. Singh, Dhanpat Rai & Company, 3rd edition, 2006.
Mechanical Vibrations, G. K.Grover, Nem Chand and Bros, 6th edition, 1996
Theory of vibration with applications ,W.T.Thomson,M.D.Dahleh and C
Padmanabhan,Pearson Education inc,5th Edition ,2008
Theory and practice of Mechanical Vibration : J.S.Rao&K,Gupta,New Age International
Publications ,New Delhi,2001
c t
o je
Pr
T
C
EI
M
- N
EL
PT
-N
U
VT

Page 25 of 64
QUADRANT-4
Problems
method.
m1=10 kg m2=20 kg
0.05m
c t
je
0.2mm
o
0.25mm
Pr
Fig: (3)
== 2.1 1011 /2
T
C
EI
1 = 1 11 + 2 12
M
2 = 1 12 + 2 22
N
4 (0.05)4
-
= = = 3.066 107 4
EL
64 64
PT
3 3 2 (3 )
11 = ; 22 = & 12 = 21 =
-N
3 3 6
U
3 3
11 = = = 4.1 107 /
VT
3 3
3 3
22 = = = 4.75 107 /
3 3
2 (3 )
12 = 21 = = 1.19 107 /
6
7 7 5
1 = 10(9.81) 4.1 10 + 20(9.81) 1.19 10 = 2.737 10 m
7 7 5
2 = 10(9.81) 1.19 10 + 20(9.81) 4.75 10 = 10.486 10 m

Page 26 of 64
1 1 + 2 2
= 2 2
1 1 + 2 2
9.81[(10 2.737 105 ) + (20 10.486 105 )]

=
10(2.737 105 )2 + 20 (10.486 105 )2
= . /

= = .

c t
je
o
Pr
T
3K
C
EI
m
M
2K
- N
2m Fig: (6)
EL
K
PT
3m
-N
U
VT
Solution:
Trials K 1 =3K m 1 =m K 2 =2K m 2 =2m K 3 =K m 3 =3m
2. Inertia force 2 22 32
4. Spring deflection 6m2 5m2
3 2 3m2
2m2 2.5m2
= =

5. Calculated deflection 2m2 4.5m2 7.5m2


Page 27 of 64
2m2 1 2.25 3.75

2. Inertia force m2 4.5m2 11.25m2
3. Spring force 16.75m2 15.75m2 11.25m2
4. Spring deflection 5.5m2 7.87m2 11.25m2

5. Calculated deflection 5.5m2 13.45m2 24.70m2

1 2.41 4.42
4.66
c t
je
o
Pr
3. Spring force 19.082 18.08m2 13.26m2
4. Spring deflection 6.36m2
T
9.04m2 13.26m2
C

EI
M

N
1 2.42 4.5
-
4.66
EL
PT
-N
given by
1
U
6.36m2 15.4m2 28.66m2

2.42 = + +
VT

4.5
K
= 0.395 rad/sec

Model shape:

Page 28 of 64
3K
0.1
m
2K
2.42
2m
K
4.5
3m
ct
o je
Pr
T
C
EI
for the torsional branch system shown in fig:
M
- N
EL
Kt1 Kt2 J2 Kt3

J1 J3
PT
or
or or
-N
U
Fig: (7)
VT
1 1 = 300 2 ; 1 == 3.75 105 . /

2 2 = 2502 ; 2 == 1.25 105 . /
3 3 = 125 2 ; 3 == 1.25 105 . /
Solution:
Where J or I = Mass moment of inertia of rotor assume that the system is vibrating at one of its
principal modes with natural frequency and that the motion is periodic.

Page 29 of 64
Trials 1 = 1 = 300 2 = 2 = 250 3 = 3 = 125

= 3.75 = 1.25 = 1.25
105 105 105
1. Assumed
1 1 1
deflection( )
2. Inertia torque ( ) 3002 2502 1252
3. Spring force 6752 3752 1252
4. Spring deflection 6752
3.75 105
3 103 2 1 103 2
= 1.8
103 2
t
1.8 4.8 5.8
c
5. Calculated deflection
103 2 103 2 103 2
je
o
1 2.67 3.2
= 1.8 103 2
Pr
T
2. Inertia force 3002
C 667.52 4002
EI
3. Spring force 1367.52 1067.52 4002
M
4. Spring deflection 8.54 3.2

3.65 103 2
103 2 103 2
N
3.65 12.19 15.39

-
EL
103 2 103 2 103 2

PT
1 3.34 4.22
3.65 103 2
-N
1 3.34 4.22
2. Inertia force 3002 8352 527.52
U
VT
3. Spring force 1662.52 1362.52 527.52

4.43 103 2
103 2 103 2
103 2 103 2 103 2
1 3.46 4.41
4.43 103 2
2. Inertia force 3002 8652 551.252
3. Spring force 1716.252 1416.252 551.252
4.58 103 2
103 2 103 2

Page 30 of 64

103 2 103 2 103 2
1 3.47 4.44
4.43 103 2
given by
1
3.47 = 4.58 103 2 + 15.91 103 2 + 15.91 103 2
4.44
= . /
t
c
je
method.
o
Pr
3K
T
4mC
EI
K
M
N
Fig: (8) 2m
-
EL
K
PT
3m
-N
Solution:
U
VT

1
11 =
3
1

21 = 12 ; 13 = 31
1
11 = 12 = 13 = 21 = 31 =
3

Page 31 of 64

1 1 1 4
= + =
3 3
4
= = =
3 3
4

= =


33 =
t c

je
1 1 1 1 7
Where = 3 + + = 3
Pr
7
=
3
T
C
EI
M
1 = 11 1 1 + 12 2 2 + 13 3 3
2 = 21 1 1 + 22 2 2 + 23 3 3 (1)
N
3 = 31 1 1 + 32 2 2 + 33 3 3
-
EL
PT
be written as = 2
1 1 1
4(2 1 ) + 2(2 2 ) + (2 3 )
-N
1 =
3K 3 3
1 4 4
U
2 = 4(2 1 ) + 2
2 ( 2 ) + ( 3 )
2 (1)
3 3 3
VT
1 4 7
3 = 4(2 1 ) + 2
2 ( 2 ) + 2
( 3 )
3 3 3
1 1 1
1 = 42 1 + 2 2 2 + 2 3
3 3 3
1 4 4
2 = 2
4 1 + 2
2 2 + 3
2 (1)
3 3 3
1 2
4 2
7 2
3 = 4 1 + 2 2 + 3
3 3 3

Page 32 of 64
4 2 1

1 3 3 3
1
2 4 8 4

2 = 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 8 7
3 3 3
1 1
2 4 2 1

2 = 4 8 4 2
3 3 3
4 8 7
1st Iteration:
1 = 1; 2 = 2; 3 = 4;
t
1 2 4 2 1 1 2 12 2 1 4 2 1
c
je
2 = 4 8 4 2 = 36 = 12 3 = 3
3 3 3
4 4 8 7 4 48 4 4
o
Pr
nd
2 Iteration:
1 = 1; 2 = 3; 3 = 4;
T
1 2 4 2 1 1
C
2 14 2 1
EI
3 = 4 8 4 3 = 44 = 14 3.143
3 3 3
4 4 8 7 4 56 4
M
rd
3 Iteration:
- N
1 = 1; 2 = 3.143; 3 = 4;
EL
1 2 4 2 1 1 2 14.286 2 1
3.143 = 4 8 4 3.143 = 45.144 = 14.286 3.1600
PT
3 3 3
4 4 8 7 4 57.144 4.040
-N
U
4th Iteration:
VT
1 = 1; 2 = 3.16; 3 = 4;
1 2 4 2 1 1 2 14.320 2 1
3.16 = 4 8 4 3.16 = 57.28 = 14.32 3.162
3 3 3
4.040 4 8 7 4.040 57.28 4
2
1= 14.232
3

= .


Page 33 of 64
method.
3m
7K 5K
4m 2m
5K
Fig: (9)
c t
je
Solution:
o
Pr
T
C1
11 =
EI
7
M
N
1
-
EL

PT
21 = 12 ; 13 = 31
1
-N
11 = 12 = 13 = 21 = 31 =
7
U
VT

1 1 1 12
= + =
7 5 35
12
= = =
35 35
12

= = =


Page 34 of 64

33 =

1 1 1 12
Where = 7 + 5 = 35

12
=
35
1 = 11 1 1 + 12 2 2 + 13 3 3
2 = 21 1 1 + 22 2 2 + 23 3 3 (1)
3 = 31 1 1 + 32 2 2 + 33 3 3
tc
je
be written as = 2
o
Pr
1 1 1
1 = 4(2 1 ) + 2(2 2 ) + (2 3 )
3K 3 3
T
1 4 4
2 = 4(2 1 ) + 2 (2 2 ) +
C (2 3 ) (1)
3 3 3
1 4 7
EI

3 = 4(2 1 ) + 2 (2 2 ) + (2 3 )
3 3 3
M
N
1 1 1
-
1 = 42 1 + 3 2 2 + 22 3
EL
7 7 7
1 12 1
2 = 42 1 + 3 2 2 + 22 3 (1)
PT
7 35 7
1 1 12
3 = 42 1 + 3 2 2 + 2 2 3
-N
7 7 35
U
VT

4 3 2

1 7 7 7
4 36 2
1
2 =
2 2
3 7 35 7 3
4 3 24
7 7 35
1 1
2 4 3 2
2 = 4 7.2 2 2
3 7
4 3 4.8 3

Page 35 of 64

1st Iteration:
1 = 1; 2 = 2; 3 = 3;
1 2 4 3 2 1 2 16 2 1
2 = 4 7.2
2 2 = 24.4 = 16 1.525
7 7 3
3 4 3 4.8 3 24.4 1.525
nd
2 Iteration:
1 = 1; 2 = 1.525; 3 = 1.525;
1 2 4 3 2 1 2 11.625 2 1
1.525 = 4 7.2 2 1.525 = 18.03 = 11.625 1.55
7 7 3
1.525 4 3 4.8 1.525 15.89 1.36
t
3rd Iteration:
c
je
1 = 1; 2 = 1.55; 3 = 1.36;
o
1 2 4 3 2 1 2 11.37 2 1
Pr
1.55 = 4 7.2 2 1.55 = 17.88 = 11.37 1.572
7 7 3
1.36 4 3 4.8 1.36 13.88 1.33
T
C
EI
4th Iteration:
M
1 = 1; 2 = 1.572; 3 = 1.33;
N
1 2 4 2 1 1 2 11.37 2 1
-
1.572 = 4 8 4 1.572 = 25.138 = 11.37 1.58

EL
7 7 3
1.33 4 8 7 1.33 17.09344 1.327
PT
2
-N
1= 11.37
7
U
VT

= .


Page 36 of 64
Method.
K 2K 3K
3m 2m m
Fig: (12)
c t
je
Solution:
o
Pr
1 1
11 = & 12 = 13 =
T
C
EI
1
11 =
M

-
EL

22 =

PT
1 1 1 3
Where = + 2 = 2
-N

=
U

VT

33 =

1 1 1 1 11
Where = + 2 + 3 = 6

11
=
6
1/ n 2 = 11 m 1 + 22 m 2 + 33 m 3 + ..

Page 37 of 64
1
=
11 m1 + 22 m2 + 33 m3
1
=
1 11
(3m) + (2m) + 6 (m)

= . /

c t
Method.
o je
Pr
m1=100 kg m2=50 kg
T
C
EI
180mm
M
180mm
300mm
N
Fig: (13)
-
EL
= 4 107 4 ; == 1.96 1011 /2

PT
-N

U
3 3
VT
11 = ; 22 =
3 3
3 3
11 = = = 2.47 108 /
3 3
3 3
22 = = = 1.148 108 /
3 3

1/ n 2 = 11 m 1 + 22 m 2

Page 38 of 64
1
=
11 m1 + 22 m2
1
=
(2.47 108 )(100) + (1.148 108 )(50)
= . /
t
Method.
c
o je
Pr
m1=10 kg m2=20 kg
0.05m
T
C
EI
M
0.2mm
0.25mm
- N
EL
Fig: (14)
= 2.1 1011 /2
PT

4 (0.05)4
-N
= = = 3.066 107 4
64 64
U

VT
3 3 2 (3 )
11 = ; 22 = & 12 = 21 =
3 3 6
3 3
11 = = = 4.1 107 /
3 3
3 3
22 = = = 4.75 107 /
3 3
1/ n 2 = 11 m 1 + 22 m 2

Page 39 of 64
1
=
11 m1 + 22 m2
1
=
(4.1 107 )(10) + (4.75 107 )(20)
= . /

= = .

t c
je
Frequently asked Questions.
o
Pr
T
C
EI
M
- N
EL
PT
-N
U
VT

Page 40 of 64
Self Answered Question & Answer
method.
K 2K 3K
3m 2m m
ct
je
Fig: (1)
o
Pr
Solution:
1
T1
11 =
C
& 12 = 13 =

EI
M

N
21 = 12 ; 13 = 31
-
1
EL
11 = 12 = 13 = 21 = 31 =

PT

-N

22 =

U
1 1 1 3
Where = + 2 =
VT
2

=


= =


33 =

1 1 1 1 11
Where = + 2 + 3 = 6


Page 41 of 64
11
=
6
1 = 1 11 + 2 12 + 3 13
2 = 1 21 + 2 22 + 3 23 (1)
3 = 1 31 + 2 32 + 3 33
1 1 1
= 3(9.81)+ 2(9.81) + (9.81) = .

1 3 3
= 3(9.81) + 2(9.81) + (9.81) = .
2k 2k
1 3 11
t
= 3(9.81) + 2(9.81) + (9.81) = .
c
2k 6
je
o
Pr
1 1 + 2 2 + 3 3
=
T
1 1 2 + 2 2 2 + 3 3 2
C
EI
m m m
9.81 3m 58.86 + 2m 73.575 + 76.84
= k k k
M
m 2 m 2 m 2
3 58.86 + 2 73.575 + 76.84
N
k k k
-
EL

= . /
PT

-N
U
VT
method.

Page 42 of 64
m1=100 kg m2=50 kg
180mm
180mm
300mm
Fig: (2)
7 4
= 4 10 ; == 1.96 1011 /2
t
1 = 1 11 + 2 12
c
je
2 = 1 12 + 2 22
o
Pr
3 3 2 (3 )
11 = ; 22 = & 12 = 21 =
3 3
T 6
C
3 3
EI
11 = = = 2.47 108 /
3 3
M
3 3
N
22 = = = 1.148 108 /
3 3
-
EL
2 (3 )
12 = 21 = = 4.599 108 /
6
PT

-N
8 8 5
1 = 100(9.81) 2.47 10 + 50(9.81) 4.599 10 = 4.85 10
U
8 8 4
VT
2 = 100(9.81) 4.599 10 + 50(9.81) 1.148 10 = 1.044 10
1 1 + 2 2
= 2 2
1 1 + 2 2
9.81[(100 4.85 105 ) + (50 1.044 104 )]

=
100(4.85 105 )2 + 50 (1.044 104 )2
= . /

Page 43 of 64
method.
m1=10 kg m2=20 kg
0.05m
0.2mm
0.25mm
Fig: (3)
t
== 2.1 1011 /2
c
je
o
1 = 1 11 + 2 12
Pr
2 = 1 12 + 2 22
T
4 (0.05)4 C
= = = 3.066 107 4
64 64
EI
M
3 3 2 (3 )
N
11 = ; 22 = & 12 = 21 =
3 3 6
-
EL
3 3
11 = = = 4.1 107 /
3 3
PT
3 3
22 = = = 4.75 107 /
-N
3 3
U
2 (3 )
12 = 21 = = 1.19 107 /
VT
6
7 7 5
1 = 10(9.81) 4.1 10 + 20(9.81) 1.19 10 = 2.737 10 m
7 7 5
2 = 10(9.81) 1.19 10 + 20(9.81) 4.75 10 = 10.486 10 m
1 1 + 2 2
= 2 2
1 1 + 2 2
9.81[(10 2.737 105 ) + (20 10.486 105 )]

=
10(2.737 105 )2 + 20 (10.486 105 )2

Page 44 of 64
= . /

= = .

4. Using Stodola method to find the fundamental mode of vibration and its natural frequency of
the spring mass system shown in the figure given K 1 = K 2 =K 3 =1 N/M & m 1 =m 2 =
m 3 =1kg.

t
c
je
o
9. Spring deflection 32 22 2
Pr
10. Calculated deflection 32 22 2
T
C
1 1.66 2

EI
M
6. Assumed deflection 1 1.66 2

N

1 2 2 2
2
-
EL
8. Spring force 4.662 3.662 22

PT
9. Spring deflection 4.662 3.662 22

-N

U
1 1.78 2.214
4.66
VT

1 2 2.214 2
2
8. Spring force 4.992 3.992 2.212
1 1.799 2.24
4.66

Page 45 of 64
given by
1
1.78 = 4.9942 + 8.982 + 11.1292
2.214
= 0.448 rad/sec
c t
je
3m
o
7K 5K
Pr
4m 2m
T
C 5K
EI
Fig: (5)
M
N
Solution:
-
EL

PT
1 1 1
-N
U

VT

1 1.48 1.312
1.222
7. Inertia force 4 2 4.3 2 2.6 2
8. Spring force 11.012 4.3892 2.622

Page 46 of 64
1 1.557 1.33
1.5732
7. Inertia force 4 2 4.6 2 2.66 2
8. Spring force 11.312 4.62 2.662

1 1.57 1.32
1.6152
c t
o je
given by
Pr
1
1.57 = 1.62 + 2.52 + 2.1472
T
1.32 C
= 786 rad/sec
EI
M
- N

EL
PT
3K
-N
m
U
VT
2K
2m Fig: (6)
K
3m
Solution:
Trials K 1 =3K m 1 =m K 2 =2K m 2 =2m K 3 =K m 3 =3m

Page 47 of 64
7. Inertia force 2 22 32
9. Spring deflection 6m2 5m2
3 2 3m2
2m2 2.5m2
= =

10. Calculated deflection 2m2 4.5m2 7.5m2

2m2 1 2.25 3.75

t
c
je
8. Spring force 16.75m2 15.75m2 11.25m2
o
5.5m2 7.87m2 11.25m2
Pr
9. Spring deflection

T
10. Calculated deflection 5.5m2 C 13.45m2 24.70m2

EI
1 2.41 4.42
4.66
M
N

-
EL

8. Spring force 19.082 18.08m2 13.26m2
PT
9. Spring deflection 6.36m2 9.04m2 13.26m2

-N

U

VT
1 2.42 4.5
4.66
given by
1
6.36m2 15.4m2 28.66m2
2.42 = + +

4.5
K
= 0.395 rad/sec


Page 48 of 64
Model shape:
3K
0.1
m
2K
2.42
2m
K
4.5
3m
ct
o je
Pr
T
C
EI
M
for the torsional branch system shown in fig:

- N
EL
PT
Kt1 Kt2 J2 Kt3

J1 J3
-N
or
or or
U
VT
Fig: (7)
1 1 = 300 2 ; 1 == 3.75 105 . /

2 2 = 2502 ; 2 == 1.25 105 . /
3 3 = 125 2 ; 3 == 1.25 105 . /
Solution:
Where J or I = Mass moment of inertia of rotor assume that the system is vibrating at one of its
principal modes with natural frequency and that the motion is periodic.

Page 49 of 64
Trials 1 = 1 = 300 2 = 2 = 250 3 = 3 = 125

= 3.75 = 1.25 = 1.25
105 105 105
6. Assumed
1 1 1
deflection( )
7. Inertia torque ( ) 3002 2502 1252
8. Spring force 6752 3752 1252
9. Spring deflection 6752
3.75 105
3 103 2 1 103 2
= 1.8
103 2
t
1.8 4.8 5.8
c
103 2 103 2 103 2
je
o
1 2.67 3.2
= 1.8 103 2
Pr
T
7. Inertia force 3002
C 667.52 4002
EI
8. Spring force 1367.52 1067.52 4002
M

3.65 103 2
103 2 103 2
N
3.65 12.19 15.39

-

EL
103 2 103 2 103 2

PT
1 3.34 4.22
3.65 103 2
-N
1 3.34 4.22
7. Inertia force 3002 8352 527.52
U
VT
8. Spring force 1662.52 1362.52 527.52

4.43 103 2
103 2 103 2
103 2 103 2 103 2
1 3.46 4.41
4.43 103 2
7. Inertia force 3002 8652 551.252
8. Spring force 1716.252 1416.252 551.252
4.58 103 2
103 2 103 2

Page 50 of 64

103 2 103 2 103 2
1 3.47 4.44
4.43 103 2
given by
1
3.47 = 4.58 103 2 + 15.91 103 2 + 15.91 103 2
4.44
= . /
t
c
je
method.
o
Pr
3K
T
4mC
EI
K
M
N
Fig: (8) 2m
-
EL
K
PT
3m
-N
Solution:
U
VT

1
11 =
3
1

21 = 12 ; 13 = 31
1
11 = 12 = 13 = 21 = 31 =
3

Page 51 of 64

1 1 1 4
= + =
3 3
4
= = =
3 3
4

= =


33 =
t c

je
1 1 1 1 7
Where = 3 + + = 3
Pr
7
=
3
T
C
EI
M
1 = 11 1 1 + 12 2 2 + 13 3 3
2 = 21 1 1 + 22 2 2 + 23 3 3 (1)
N
3 = 31 1 1 + 32 2 2 + 33 3 3
-
EL
PT
be written as = 2
1 1 1
4(2 1 ) + 2(2 2 ) + (2 3 )
-N
1 =
3K 3 3
1 4 4
U
2 = 4(2 1 ) + 2
2 ( 2 ) + ( 3 )
2 (1)
3 3 3
VT
1 4 7
3 = 4(2 1 ) + 2
2 ( 2 ) + 2
( 3 )
3 3 3
1 1 1
1 = 42 1 + 2 2 2 + 2 3
3 3 3
1 4 4
2 = 2
4 1 + 2
2 2 + 3
2 (1)
3 3 3
1 2
4 2
7 2
3 = 4 1 + 2 2 + 3
3 3 3

Page 52 of 64
4 2 1

1 3 3 3
1
2 4 8 4

2 = 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 8 7
3 3 3
1 1
2 4 2 1

2 = 4 8 4 2
3 3 3
4 8 7
1st Iteration:
1 = 1; 2 = 2; 3 = 4;
t
1 2 4 2 1 1 2 12 2 1 4 2 1
c
je
2 = 4 8 4 2 = 36 = 12 3 = 3
3 3 3
4 4 8 7 4 48 4 4
o
Pr
nd
2 Iteration:
1 = 1; 2 = 3; 3 = 4;
T
1 2 4 2 1 1
C
2 14 2 1
EI
3 = 4 8 4 3 = 44 = 14 3.143
3 3 3
4 4 8 7 4 56 4
M
rd
3 Iteration:
- N
1 = 1; 2 = 3.143; 3 = 4;
EL
1 2 4 2 1 1 2 14.286 2 1
3.143 = 4 8 4 3.143 = 45.144 = 14.286 3.1600
PT
3 3 3
4 4 8 7 4 57.144 4.040
-N
U
4th Iteration:
VT
1 = 1; 2 = 3.16; 3 = 4;
1 2 4 2 1 1 2 14.320 2 1
3.16 = 4 8 4 3.16 = 57.28 = 14.32 3.162
3 3 3
4.040 4 8 7 4.040 57.28 4
2
1= 14.232
3

= .


Page 53 of 64
method.
3m
7K 5K
4m 2m
5K
Fig: (9)
c t
je
Solution:
o
Pr
T
C1
11 =
EI
7
M
N
1
-
EL

PT
21 = 12 ; 13 = 31
1
-N
11 = 12 = 13 = 21 = 31 =
7
U
VT

1 1 1 12
= + =
7 5 35
12
= = =
35 35
12

= = =


Page 54 of 64

33 =

1 1 1 12
Where = 7 + 5 = 35

12
=
35
1 = 11 1 1 + 12 2 2 + 13 3 3
2 = 21 1 1 + 22 2 2 + 23 3 3 (1)
3 = 31 1 1 + 32 2 2 + 33 3 3
tc
je
be written as = 2
o
Pr
1 1 1
1 = 4(2 1 ) + 2(2 2 ) + (2 3 )
3K 3 3
T
1 4 4
2 = 4(2 1 ) + 2 (2 2 ) +
C (2 3 ) (1)
3 3 3
1 4 7
EI

3 = 4(2 1 ) + 2 (2 2 ) + (2 3 )
3 3 3
M
N
1 1 1
-
1 = 42 1 + 3 2 2 + 22 3
EL
7 7 7
1 12 1
2 = 42 1 + 3 2 2 + 22 3 (1)
PT
7 35 7
1 1 12
3 = 42 1 + 3 2 2 + 2 2 3
-N
7 7 35
U
VT

4 3 2

1 7 7 7
4 36 2
1
2 =
2 2
3 7 35 7 3
4 3 24
7 7 35
1 1
2 4 3 2
2 = 4 7.2 2 2
3 7
4 3 4.8 3

Page 55 of 64

1st Iteration:
1 = 1; 2 = 2; 3 = 3;
1 2 4 3 2 1 2 16 2 1
2 = 4 7.2
2 2 = 24.4 = 16 1.525
7 7 3
3 4 3 4.8 3 24.4 1.525
nd
2 Iteration:
1 = 1; 2 = 1.525; 3 = 1.525;
1 2 4 3 2 1 2 11.625 2 1
1.525 = 4 7.2 2 1.525 = 18.03 = 11.625 1.55
7 7 3
1.525 4 3 4.8 1.525 15.89 1.36
t
3rd Iteration:
c
je
1 = 1; 2 = 1.55; 3 = 1.36;
o
1 2 4 3 2 1 2 11.37 2 1
Pr
1.55 = 4 7.2 2 1.55 = 17.88 = 11.37 1.572
7 7 3
1.36 4 3 4.8 1.36 13.88 1.33
T
C
EI
4th Iteration:
M
1 = 1; 2 = 1.572; 3 = 1.33;
N
1 2 4 2 1 1 2 11.37 2 1
-
1.572 = 4 8 4 1.572 = 25.138 = 11.37 1.58

EL
7 7 3
1.33 4 8 7 1.33 17.09344 1.327
PT
2
-N
1= 11.37
7
U
VT

= .


Page 56 of 64
10. By using Holzer method, find the natural frequencies of the system in fig 10: assume
K=1N/m; m=1 kg.
3K
4m
c t
Fig: (10) 2m
o je
K
Pr
m
T
C
Solution:
EI
Assumed
M
2
Position mi m i 2 xi m1xi2 2

N
frequency 1 1
-
EL
Trial-1 1 1 0.01 1.0 0.01 0.01 1 0.01

PT
= 0.1 2 2 0.02 0.99 0.0198 0.0298 1 0.0298

2 = 0.01 3 4 0.04 0.96 0.0384 0.0682 3 0.0227
-N
4 0.93
U
VT
Trial-2 1 1 0.04 1 0.04 0.04 1 0.04

= 0.2 2 2 0.08 0.96 0.077 0.117 1 0.117
2 = 0.04 3 4 0.16 0.84 0.1324 0.249 3 0.083
4 0.76
Trial-3 1 1 0.16 1 0.16 0.160 1 0.160
= 0.4 2 2 0.32 0.84 0.269 0.429 1 0.429
2 = 0.16 3 4 0.64 0.411 0.264 0.693 3 0.231
4 0.180
Trial-4 1 1 0.25 1.0 0.25 0.25 1 0.25

Page 57 of 64
= 0.5 2 2 0.5 0.75 0.375 0.625 1 0.625

2 = 0.25 3 4 1 0.125 0.125 0.750 3 0.250
4 -0.125
Trial-5 1 1 0.36 1.0 0.36 0.36 1 0.36
= 0.60 2 2 0.72 0.64 0.46 0.82 1 0.820
2 = 0.36 3 4 1.44 -0.18 -0.259 0.561 3 0.187
4 -0.367
Trial-6 1 1 0.64 0.1 0.64 0.640 1 0.64
= 0.80 2 2 1.28 0.36 0.461 1.101 1 0.101
2 = 0.64
t
3 4 2.56 -0.741 -1.90 -0.80 3 -0.267
c
je
4 -0.474
o
Pr
Trial-7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= 1.0 2 2 2 0 0 1 1 1
2 = 1.0
T
3 4 4
C -1 -4 -3 3 -1
EI
4 0
M
Trial-8 1 1 1.44 1 1.44 1.44 1 1.44

N
= 1.2 2 2 2.88 -0.44 -1.27 0.17 1 0.17

-
EL
2 = 1.44 3 4 5.76 -0.61 -3.51 -3.34 3 -1.11

PT
4 0.50
Trial-9 1 1 1.96 1.0 1.96 1.96 1 1.96
-N
= 1.4 2 2 3.92 0.96 -3.76 -1.80 1 -1.80

U
2 = 1.96
VT
3 4 7.84 0.84 6.58 4.78 3 1.59

4 -0.75
1 , 2 & 3

Page 58 of 64
Ans. From the graph

, = . /
= . /
= . /
c t
o je
Pr
11. By using Holzer method, find the natural frequencies of the system in fig 10: assume K t1 =
T
K t1 = K t2 = K t3 =1N/m; J 1 = J 2 = J 3 = kg.
C
EI
M
- N
EL
Kt1 Kt2 J2 Kt3

J1 J3
PT
or
or or
-N
U
Fig: (11)
VT
Solution:
Assumed
2
Position Ji Ji 2
i Jii 2
2
frequency 1 1

Trial-1 1 1 0.25 1 0.25 0.25 1 0.25

= 0.5 2 1 0.25 -0.75 0.1875 0.4375 1 0.4375
2 = 0.25 3 1 0.25 0.3125 0.0781 0.515
Trial-2 1 1 0.562 1 0.562 0.562 1 0.5625
= 0.75 2 1 0.562 0.438 0.2461 0.801 1 0.8086

Page 59 of 64
2 = 0.5625 3 1 0.562 -0.3705 0.208 0.6305

Trial-3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
=1 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 1
2 = 1 3 1 1 -1 -1 0
Trial-4 1 1 2.25 1 2.25 2.25 1 2.25
= 1.5 2 1 2.25 -1.25 -2.8125 -0.5625 1 -0.5625
2 = 2.25 3 1 2.25 -0.6875 -1.5469 -2.1094
Trial-5 1 1 4 1 4 4 1 4
=2 2 1 4 -3 -12 -8 1 -8
2 = 4
t
3 1 4 5 20 12
c
o je
Pr
T
C
EI
M
N
1 , 2 & 3
-
EL
PT
Ans. From the graph

, = . /
-N
= . /
U
VT
= . /
Method.
K 2K 3K

Page 60 of 64
3m 2m m
Fig: (12)
Solution:
1 1
11 = & 12 = 13 =

1
11 =
c
je
o
Pr

22 =

T
1 1 1 3
Where = + 2 = 2
C

EI
=

M

N
33 =
EL

1 1 1 1 11
Where = + 2 + 3 =
PT
11
-N
=
6
U

VT
1/ n 2 = 11 m 1 + 22 m 2 + 33 m 3 + ..
1
=
11 m1 + 22 m2 + 33 m3
1
=
1 11
(3m) + (2m) + 6 (m)

Page 61 of 64

= . /

Method.
m1=100 kg m2=50 kg
c t
180mm
je
180mm
300mm
o
Pr
Fig: (13)
= 4 107 4 ;
T
== 1.96 1011 /2
C
EI
M

N
3 3
-
11 = ; 22 =
EL
3 3
3 3
PT
11 = = = 2.47 108 /
3 3
-N
3 3
22 = = = 1.148 108 /
3 3
U
VT

1/ n 2 = 11 m 1 + 22 m 2
1
=
11 m1 + 22 m2
1
=
(2.47 108 )(100) + (1.148 108 )(50)

Page 62 of 64
= . /
Method.
m1=10 kg m2=20 kg
0.05m
c t
je
0.2mm
o
0.25mm
Pr
Fig: (14)
= 2.1 1011 /2
T
C
EI
4 (0.05)4
= = = 3.066 107 4
M
64 64
N

-
EL
3 3 2 (3 )
11 = ; 22 = & 12 = 21 =
3 3 6
PT
3 3
11 = = = 4.1 107 /
-N
3 3
3 3
U
22 = = = 4.75 107 /
VT
3 3
1/ n 2 = 11 m 1 + 22 m 2
1
=
11 m1 + 22 m2
1
=
(4.1 107 )(10) + (4.75 107 )(20)

Page 63 of 64
= . /

= = .

t c
o je
Pr
T
C
EI
M
- N
EL
PT
-N
U
VT

Page 64 of 64

Module - 7

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Module - 7

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

MODULE-VII CALCULATION OF NATURAL FREQUENCY VIBRATION ENGINEERING 2014

Course Name: Vibration engineering

Type of the web

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING,

Dr.MOHAMED HANEEF ,PRINCIPAL,GHOUSIA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ,RAMANAGARAM

b. Self Answered Question & Answer.

Dr.MOHAMED HANEEF ,PRINCIPAL,GHOUSIA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ,RAMANAGARAM

Dr.MOHAMED HANEEF ,PRINCIPAL,GHOUSIA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ,RAMANAGARAM

3. Matrix Iteration Method:

4. Holzer Method & Dunkerleys Method:

Dr.MOHAMED HANEEF ,PRINCIPAL,GHOUSIA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ,RAMANAGARAM

ii) Dunkerleys Method

has suggested the following empirical equation.

Dr.MOHAMED HANEEF ,PRINCIPAL,GHOUSIA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ,RAMANAGARAM

Dr.MOHAMED HANEEF ,PRINCIPAL,GHOUSIA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ,RAMANAGARAM

Second Influence coefficients are:

By Maxwell reciprocal theorem

Dr.MOHAMED HANEEF ,PRINCIPAL,GHOUSIA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ,RAMANAGARAM

By using Rayleighs method

Static deflection at two points is given by

Dr.MOHAMED HANEEF ,PRINCIPAL,GHOUSIA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ,RAMANAGARAM

9.81[(100 4.85 105 ) + (50 1.044 104 )]

100(4.85 105 )2 + 50 (1.044 104 )2

Trials K 1 =1K m 1 =1m K 2 =1K m 2 =1m K 3 =1K m 3 =1m

Dr.MOHAMED HANEEF ,PRINCIPAL,GHOUSIA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ,RAMANAGARAM

1.78 = 4.9942 + 8.982 + 11.1292

Dr.MOHAMED HANEEF ,PRINCIPAL,GHOUSIA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ,RAMANAGARAM

1. Assumed deflection 1 1.48 1.312

2. Inertia force 4 2 4.3 2 2.6 2

3. Spring force 11.012 4.3892 2.622

4. Spring deflection 1.5732 0.87782 0.522

5. Calculated deflection 1.5732 2.452 2.0932

3. Spring force 11.312 4.62 2.662

Dr.MOHAMED HANEEF ,PRINCIPAL,GHOUSIA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ,RAMANAGARAM

By Maxwell reciprocal theorem

By applying unit force on 2nd mass we get

Dr.MOHAMED HANEEF ,PRINCIPAL,GHOUSIA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ,RAMANAGARAM

The above equation can be represented in matrix notations as follows

Dr.MOHAMED HANEEF ,PRINCIPAL,GHOUSIA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ,RAMANAGARAM

Dr.MOHAMED HANEEF ,PRINCIPAL,GHOUSIA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ,RAMANAGARAM

written are as follows by applying unit force at the 1st mass.

By Maxwell reciprocal theorem

Dr.MOHAMED HANEEF ,PRINCIPAL,GHOUSIA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ,RAMANAGARAM

By applying unit force on 2nd mass we get

Since mass three has not connected to mass 2, where

Dr.MOHAMED HANEEF ,PRINCIPAL,GHOUSIA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ,RAMANAGARAM

The above equation can be represented in matrix notations as follows

1.525 = 4 7.2 2 1.525 = 18.03 = 11.625 1.55

Dr.MOHAMED HANEEF ,PRINCIPAL,GHOUSIA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ,RAMANAGARAM

Trial-1 1 1 0.01 1.0 0.01 0.01 1 0.01

= 0.1 2 2 0.02 0.99 0.0198 0.0298 1 0.0298

2 = 0.01 3 4 0.04 0.96 0.0384 0.0682 3 0.0227

Dr.MOHAMED HANEEF ,PRINCIPAL,GHOUSIA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ,RAMANAGARAM

Trial-8 1 1 1.44 1 1.44 1.44 1 1.44

= 1.2 2 2 2.88 -0.44 -1.27 0.17 1 0.17

Trial-9 1 1 1.96 1.0 1.96 1.96 1 1.96

Dr.MOHAMED HANEEF ,PRINCIPAL,GHOUSIA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ,RAMANAGARAM

Ans. From the graph

Kt1 Kt2 J2 Kt3

Trial-1 1 1 0.25 1 0.25 0.25 1 0.25

Dr.MOHAMED HANEEF ,PRINCIPAL,GHOUSIA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ,RAMANAGARAM

2 = 0.5625 3 1 0.562 -0.3705 0.208 0.6305

Ans. From the graph