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Documenti di Cultura
Contents
A View Into the Future / 2 /
Pioneers of Innovation / 6 /
research activities have been organized around advancing and teaching the essential elements
of the aerospace enterprise, and especially the evolving engineering issues associated with air
and space vehicles, vehicle systems, and their associated technologies.
Todays aerospace engineers may take for granted the accomplishments of the field thus far, but a hundred years
ago these things were the stuff of science fiction. As we look ahead we can imagine what future innovations may
bring some of todays science fiction will surely become fact. Commercial high-speed flight will become
practical. Unmanned vehicles will become increasingly important, and in some cases their design may be inspired
by biological flyers. Safe and quiet vertical flight may enable direct air travel into city centers. Parts of the hub-and-
/ 2
spoke travel system may be replaced by new point-to-point models. Air routes will open up new corners of the
world and pose new challenges to aircraft designers. Satellite-based technologies will pervade our lives in ways we
cannot yet imagine.
To accomplish these and other innovations, aerospace Tomorrows aerospace enterprise will continue to be a
engineers will increasingly work in interdisciplinary pillar of the U.S. and world economies, in part because
teams. International collaborations will be needed to of the broad impact that this field has on our society
enable ambitious and expensive projects. The com- and the continuing fascination it inspires in the most
plexity of aerospace systems may call for new modes innovative minds of each new generation. Along the
of analysis and design. Software-based tools may way, tomorrows aerospace engineering graduates from
replace some of yesterdays subject matter specialists. Michigan will continue to serve as leaders into this
Aerospace engineers, like those in other disciplines, future, making use of their strong backgrounds in the
may move more frequently from one employer to science and technologies on which the future will be
another. Many will adopt entrepreneurial careers. founded, and the abilities that we have instilled in them
to think independently, critically, and creatively.
The aging U.S. population and the large federal and
state entitlements through Social Security, Medicare,
and Medicaid will likely have major implications for
support of university research and education. Growing
concerns over energy and environmental sustainability
will drive basic research efforts, and aerospace
engineering will contribute to solutions such as better
a er o spac e at m i c h i g a n /
a v i ew i n t o t h e f ut ur e /
/ 5
AerospAce Engineering At MichigAn
T
he University of Michigan started the
first collegiate aeronautics program in
the United States, in 1914, just 11
a er o spac e at m i c h i g a n /
to distinguished careers in essentially all areas of the powered airplanes, including a model B hydroplane built by
the Wright brothers.
aerospace enterprise, in related fields, in government,
and in academia. Five were astronauts who orbited the
Earth. Three went to the moon.
The Departments most prominent alumni include Clarence Kelly Johnson, B.S.E.
32, M.S.E. 33, widely considered one of Americas greatest aircraft designers. He
went on to establish the legendary Lockheed Skunk Works and created aircraft
such as the P-38, the F-104, the U-2, and the SR-71 (pictured above).
Michigan Alumni Ed White (left) and Jim McDvitt (right) inside the Michigan alumnus, Clarence Kelly Felix Pawlowski, first professor of
Gemini IV Spacecraft Johnson Aeronautics at Michigan
Throughout its long history, the Department has been conducting leading-edge research that seeks to
an integral part of one of the nations great teaching expand the existing knowledge in the field. At the
and research universities. The University of Michigan same time, the efforts required to fulfill that mission
a er o spac e at m i c h i g a n /
is among the most successful public educational are changing. The demands of the aerospace industry
institutions, with a record of accomplishments that and the science and technology basis needed to meet
can be matched by few. Formally a state university, its needs are undergoing dramatic transformations.
its founding in 1817 predates all but a handful of the Key components of these changes are described
nations state universities, and since its inception it herein.
has operated autonomously under the Michigan
Building on its history, the Department has undertaken
constitution. The result is an exceptional institution
an in-depth assessment of these changes and
that has provided leadership in higher education
implemented the specific initiatives described in this
throughout its history.
/ 8
p i on eer s o f i n n o vat i o n /
Alfred Worden of
Apollo 15.
/ 9
Leading, Researching, Teaching
T
oday, the Department of Aerospace
Engineering at Michigan is a vibrant
place. Over the past two years we
have added six new faculty members
to our ranks, representing a quarter
of our total faculty. All are assistant or associate
professors, who have brought with them fresh expertise
l ead i n g , r e sea r c h i n g , t ea c h i n g /
that has added to our Departments strength in specific
strategic areas that we have targeted for development
and growth. We currently have searches underway
for new faculty members to continue our growth in
strategic areas. Among our faculty are fifteen Fellows
of major professional societies. Eleven are associate
editors or editors-in-chief of leading archival technical
journals. Many others serve on key national and
international panels and in various leadership positions
in their field.
/ 11
College of Engineering, consisting of eleven top-ten
ranked and five top-three ranked academic depart-
ments. Together they contribute to an environment of
unsurpassed intellectual challenge and excitement that
is at the same time collegial and conducive to learning.
Our faculty has a high level of enthusiasm, accessibility,
and a strong dedication to excellence in teaching and
research at both the undergraduate and graduate
levels.
Extracurricular team projects, hardware exposure, and Freshman level ENG 100 student blimp project.
hands-on experiences are critical components to complement
in-class teaching to help prepare future engineering talent.
state of Michigan and nearly 10% come from outside the emphasis on excellence in the teaching component of
U.S. to study in our Department. A sequential graduate/ its mission. All our faculty teach, and all courses are
undergraduate studies (SGUS) option encourages our taught by faculty teaching assistants hold additional
best aerospace engineering undergraduates to advance office hours and provide other assistance to students,
to masters degree studies in Aerospace Engineering. but they do not teach our courses. Three among the
Departments faculty hold Arthur F. Thurnau
We have a long tradition of drawing some of the best
/ 12
whom are U.S. citizens. They hold numerous National offerings at all degree levels. In our undergraduate
Science Foundation, Department of Defense, program, students choose at least four upper-level
Department of Education, and other national fellow- technical elective courses and two general electives,
ships. Aerospace Engineering at Michigan has in recent allowing them to specialize or broaden their aerospace
years graduated about 120 BSE students, 60 MS engineering education. In our graduate programs,
The University of Michigan Student Space Systems Fabrication Laboratory (S3FL) is a student group that provides opportunities
for undergraduate and graduate students to gain experience in real world, hands-on, space systems projects.
The principal feature of both our undergraduate and graduate programs is the
strong emphasis placed on understanding how to think, learn, and adapt. The
resulting ability to incorporate new theoretical discoveries and technological
advances allows Michigan graduates to grow and adapt rapidly as the
aerospace field evolves.
Since its inception, our Departments mission has been to provide
students can pursue either the Master of Science in Major Collaborative Research Centers
Engineering (M.S.E.) or the Master of Engineering Our Department is home to several major research
(M.Eng.) degree. Those continuing to the doctoral centers in which broader groups of faculty and students
l ead i n g , r e sea r c h i n g , t ea c h i n g /
program take additional courses beyond their masters collaborate within the Department and with other
degree. Our curriculum at all degree levels undergoes departments and organizations. Currently, these major
continuous revision and renewal, with courses being collaborative research centers include:
developed that reflect changes in aerospace engineering.
The Constellation University Institutes Program,
Research part of NASAs Constellation Program efforts to
Top students from around the U.S. and the world have return to the moon. In this second five-year phase,
long been attracted to graduate studies at Michigan, in we are leading nearly a quarter of more than 50
part because of the breadth and quality of the research research efforts among 20 universities. Our research
being done across all major technical disciplines of the focuses on thrust chamber assemblies, propellant
field. Our research portfolio is distinguished by a strong storage and delivery, reentry aerothermodynamics,
and sustained focus on fundamental research questions. and structures and materials for extreme
/ 15
environments.
In recent years, research addressing engineering
systems and applications has extended beyond the The Michigan-AFRL-Boeing Collaborative Center for
traditional boundaries of aerospace engineering Aeronautical Sciences, a research effort addressing
sciences, and allowed us to contribute to such contem- high-speed flight and micro-air vehicles. Our
porary topics as energy, environmental sustainability, computational and experimental research targets
homeland defense, and large-scale computing. Much high-speed flows and shocks, shock-boundary layer
of our research is organized around developing, interactions, plasma flows, aerothermodynamics,
sustaining, and improving our internationally recognized flapping wing aerodynamics, fluid-structure interac-
work in computational aerospace sciences. tions, and dielectric barrier actuators.
ae r o spac e at m i c h i g a n /
The Michigan-AFRL Collaborative Center in Control wings for optimal flapping flight of micro air vehicles.
Science addresses control of large numbers of Anisotropic structures as found in natural flyer
unmanned semi-autonomous fixed- or rotary-wing wings provide biological guidance for the research,
craft or ground vehicles for such roles as persistent including passive shape control for lift enhancement.
urban intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance.
/ 16
l ead i n g , r e sea r c h i n g , t ea c h i n g /
its watch circle. Sea trials have demonstrated fully
autonomous take off, climb, cruise, descent, and
landing of a vehicle that is much smaller than the Diagnostics and prediction of flow fields in advanced gas
turbine combustors.
oceans surface wave environment.
/ 17
intellectual climate among our faculty and students.
The General Motors Collaborative Research Highly-dedicated clerical and technical staff assist in
Laboratory for Smart Materials and Structures our teaching and research missions by helping to meet
involves research on smart material maturity, smart students needs and maintain our instructional and
device technologies, and mechamatronic system laboratory facilities.
design methodologies. Results are applicable to
smart pumps and fuel injectors, smart latches and
locks, and smart air flow control devices for aero-
dynamic performance.
Our Mission
Our goal is to provide internationally recognized undergraduate and graduate degree programs, that
leadership in aerospace engineering education and make major contributions to the knowledge base in
research by being a place that: aerospace sciences and technology, and that are
turned to by industry, government, and academia
Educates students who are widely known for
exceptional strength in technical fundamentals Creates an environment of unsurpassed intellectual
across all aerospace disciplines, who are cognizant challenge and excitement that at the same time is
of modern aerospace technologies, and who are collegial and conducive to higher learning
sought after by top graduate schools and by
Recognizes that aerospace engineering comprises
aerospace and related industries worldwide
disciplines and technologies that are distinct in the
Offers a variety of excellent degree programs manner of their integration and application and must
satisfying the needs of a diverse body of students, be taught accordingly
with graduates who are of exceptionally high value
Takes full advantage of the unparalleled breadth of
to aerospace and related industries worldwide
knowledge, technology, facilities, and resources of
Supports vibrant and highly recognized research one of the largest and most highly regarded
programs that serve the educational goals of its universities worldwide, the University of Michigan
New Challenges, New Opportunities
ne w c h a l l e n g es, n e w o ppo r t un i t i e s /
I
n the aerospace enterprise, the second century of flight will demand agility, flexibility, and innovation from
those who will chart the future of the field. We look ahead to the next decade and beyond to anticipate the
changes that academic departments must make to adapt themselves for the future, and to continue serving
at the leading edge of this field. Our goal has been to assess how our teaching and research missions can
be best positioned to ensure the continued success of our Department and our graduates.
Here we identify key challenges that will influence aerospace engineering over the next two decades. Rather than
making speculative predictions or assertions about which technical topic will become the next major focus of our
field, we have based our vision of the future on a rational, anticipatory, and forward-looking assessment of the
changes that will occur in the aerospace enterprise. In the next section, we describe the nine key initiatives that we
have implemented at Michigan to position ourselves to respond effectively to these new challenges and to take
advantage of the new opportunities they present.
/ 21
The engineering profession as a whole aerospace cultural awareness than has traditionally been the case
engineering more than many other disciplines for most engineers. For many it will mean greater
is rapidly becoming a global enterprise. Markets for international contacts and collaborations. Some may
aerospace products have traditionally been inter- see extended assignments to expatriate positions,
national, but now the profession itself is attracting where they will work with engineers having substantially
bright minds from all over the world. different backgrounds. Professional advancement in
aerospace engineering will increasingly depend on the
Many countries already have substantial technical ability to succeed in such international contexts.
capabilities in aerospace engineering, and many others
are seeking to build their capabilities. Emerging Redefining the Engineer
/ 22
economies increasingly regard aerospace engineering Many analysis and design functions traditionally
as having the capacity to make significant contributions associated with aerospace engineering are being
to their Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Some are transformed into packaged software. Todays
establishing the education infrastructure to promote commercial software offers substantial coupled
these new capabilities. The contributions these nations multi-physics simulation capabilities. Examples include:
make to the aerospace industry do more than lower finite-element analysis software for thermo-mechanical
labor costs; they are helping to advance the field. In modeling, computational fluid dynamics tools for fluid
many cases, these talented, new workforces rival those flow analyses, and computer-aided design software for
in the U.S., Europe, and elsewhere.
Autonomous flight vehicles investigating collaborative control. U-Ms Flying Fish capable of take-off/landing on water.
ne w c h a l l e n g es, n e w o ppo r t un i t i e s /
solid modeling and fabrication, and computer software InnovAtion, Invention, And Venture
for flight simulation and flight control design. CapitAl
Major engineering companies once kept substantial
Companies that formerly needed dozens of experi-
in-house research and development staff, but costs
enced engineers for these functions can now achieve
have changed this model. Today, these firms acquire
similar results more quickly with a far smaller staff.
the innovations they need by buying up small entre-
Consulting houses can make these capabilities widely
preneurial companies built around researching and
available even to smaller companies on an as-needed
developing specific technology solutions.
basis.
In effect, large companies today buy the technologies
All engineers will still need to learn the underlying
they need, pushing part of the cost and risk of develop-
principles. However, as classical engineering functions
ing them onto smaller entrepreneurial companies. The
/ 23
become more commoditized, successful engineers
growth of Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR)
will need a deeper understanding of system-level
programs over the past two decades has provided a
problems. They will require backgrounds in analyses-
tremendous boost for early-stage technology develop-
of-alternatives, balanced optimization, and similar
ment in the private sector. This has accelerated the
higher-level analysis approaches. The pedagogical
move toward reliance on such companies as a main
changes needed to accommodate this shift go beyond
development path for new technologies.
traditional curricular revisions. They may require us to
fundamentally rethink the skill set that defines an Universities often provide the basic research that
aerospace engineer. launches and drives these small companies. Many
Aerospace engineering will play a major role in the broader quest
ne w c h a l l e n g es, n e w o ppo r t un i t i e s /
property issues, and other aspects of the modern
technology development path.
going green
Even before the rapid rise in the cost of petroleum-
derived fuels, there has been strong emphasis on
The Next-Generation 737-700 sports Blended Winglets,
making aerospace systems use less energy and create which enhance range and fuel efficiency while lowering engine
a smaller impact on the environment. The importance of maintenance costs and noise. Copyright Boeing
/ 25
to over $6 billion despite substantially lower fuel consumption.
consumption. Every $10 increase in the barrel price of
fuel costs the Air Force $0.6 billion more in annual fuel Aerospace engineering will play a major role in the
costs. broader quest for alternative energy and environmental
sustainability. Advanced wind turbines rely on aero-
The possibility of some type of carbon tax in the dynamic improvements and stronger lightweight
foreseeable future drives airlines to look for possible structures for much of their performance. Photovoltaics,
new sources of fuels, such as biomass-to-liquid fuel processors, and fuel cells for hydrogen or hydro-
processes and even plant and algae-derived biofuels, carbon fuels also involve aerospace-related
that can provide lower life-cycle CO2 emissions. technologies.
airplanes, rockets and beyond Increase in Complex Adaptive
Aerospace Systems
Aerospace engineering has always gone beyond
airplanes and rockets, and many of tomorrows Engineering systems today, and aerospace systems in
technology emphases will be in areas not traditionally particular, are becoming more complex and adaptive.
associated with aerospace engineering. Commercial Complexity itself is not new in aerospace engineering;
aircraft will see advances in such areas as lightweight the Space Shuttle has over a million individual parts,
composite structures, more efficient and quiet clean- and modern flight control software typically has about
burning engines, and blended wing-body designs. two million lines of code. However, the addition of high
However, these improvements will come as much from levels of adaptability and reconfigurability, such as by
in-flight system monitoring, model-based adaptation, coupling reconfigurable control effectors with an
and advanced network-enabled operations. In defense, integrated vehicle health monitoring system, is creating
engineers are shifting emphasis on higher-performance a new category of complex adaptive aerospace
In the future we may see small unmanned vehicles, reconfiguration is adaptive because it does not simply
perhaps inspired by biological flyers. Groups of robotic follow predetermined rules for a limited set of failure
or semi-autonomous fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft and modes. Instead, the system experiments with itself to
ground vehicles may operate over large areas, provid- gauge its degraded state and determine how to
ing persistent, cooperative, networked sensing and maximize its remaining functionality.
they will need a broader education to accomplish this. probabilistic approaches and adaptive concepts foreign
Academic departments must integrate traditional core to most engineers. Future engineers will need technical
aerospace disciplines with nontraditional subject areas. backgrounds in basic aspects of such systems and their
underlying theoretical concepts.
ne w c h a l l e n g es, n e w o ppo r t un i t i e s /
Aerospace engineers have always worked on the system as
a whole as well as its parts, but in the future they will need a
/ 27
must integrate traditional core aerospace disciplines with
growing number of students to choose engineering as entitlements through Social Security, Medicare, and
a safe degree. For many who believe they can handle Medicaid have begun an unprecedented drain on
the mathematics and science but are not sure what federal and state budgets that will only worsen over the
their life goals are, engineering is becoming a popular next two decades. The first of 77 million retiring baby
Engineering is Elementary curriculum is already being the cost of these benefits will grow from 8.4% of Gross
used in more than 900 K-12 schools, up from just five Domestic Product (GDP) today to 14.5% by 2030, and
in 2003. More than 2,200 middle and high schools now 18.6% by 2050. By comparison, the entire federal
ae r o spac e at m i c h i g a n /
use engineering courses from Project Lead the Way. budget today is just 20% of GDP. By 2049, these
benefits would consume every federal program except
Many of these students will choose aerospace engi- interest on the federal debt. Even with proposed
neering as their major. Yet unlike the students of reductions in entitlement benefits, the looming budget
previous generations, many lack the fundamental pressures will be immense. Europe and Japan face
intuition or understanding of the engineering that goes similar situations.
into the mechanical, computing, or electrical systems
they use daily. This will strain the federal governments ability to support
research and development, including basic research in
Engineering students in the next decade will be academia. The impact on the academic profession is
/ 28
substantially different from past engineering students. largely underappreciated. The major supporters of
They may come to the field with different passions, skill research programs in aerospace engineering have been
levels, and drive. We may increasingly see students NASA, the Department of Defense, the Department of
who are just kicking the tires and who may have no Energy, and the National Science Foundation. Their
intention of making their career in engineering after combined research and development totals are just
graduation. under $111 billion. The basic research components that
fund most university research are about $30 billion.
While federal reductions in basic research spending will
ne w c h a l l e n g es, n e w o ppo r t un i t i e s /
Engineers of today and tomorrow will need to make technological advances while ensuring that societal and environmental
needs are being met.
affect all fields, aerospace engineering faces greater sustainability needs grow. These may include pilotless
hardship over the next two decades, because of its aircraft and other unmanned aerial systems, as well as
greater reliance on federal funding. satellite systems.
/ 29
costs, decrease failures associated with launches or
security. Several of these hold significant opportunities
orbit insertions, and increase on-orbit reliability will
for aerospace engineering. Other areas, such as
become more important.
expanded low-cost air transport and improved air traffic
control systems, have obvious aerospace content and Aerospace engineering will be called on to help our
are likely to see growth. society meet these new challenges. The engineers we
graduate and the research endeavors we undertake will
Earth observation systems to monitor effects such as
need to be positioned to successfully address these
urban growth, deforestation, and water management
needs.
will become more important as environmental
Provide greater opportunities for students to Enable a broader and deeper understanding of
participate in substantive international exchanges entrepreneurship and its role in the aerospace field
and internships
Accommodate a broader spectrum of different
Reduce commodity subject matter in courses; types of students, including those who lack natural
increase education in system-level analysis-of- engineering intuition
alternatives concepts
Adjust to looming decreases in federal research
Bring further nontraditional systems-related content funding and shifts in federal research priorities
into the curriculum
Preparing for tomorrow
9
T
he challenges we have identified in this document have implications for the academic
component of the aerospace enterprise. They represent new opportunities for those academic
Pr epar i n g f o r t o m o r r o w /
departments that are prepared to adapt to these changes to stay positioned as leaders in
this field.
Accordingly, the Department of Aerospace Engineering at Michigan, along with the College of
Engineering and the University, has recently implemented nine key initiatives to prepare our Department and its
graduates to continue to succeed over the next decade and beyond in aerospace engineering.
/ 33
help place our research focus in areas that will be key agencies and industry partners.
to the next two decades in aerospace engineering.
We plan to broaden our expertise and strong record in
Computational Aerosciences advancing alternative numerical techniques such as
Computer-aided analysis and design tools are routinely adaptive Cartesian grid methods, discontinuous
used to simulate and predict component and subsys- Galerkin methods, DSMC and hybrid DSMC/continuum
tem performance, allowing dramatic reductions in the techniques, and simulation-based design optimization
need for costly and time-consuming physical testing. and sensitivity evaluations. Experiments will provide
Further advances in computational aero- insights and data to guide development of physical
/ 34
sciences will allow entire aerospace vehicles to be models and improved numerical techniques. Data
reliably designed in virtual environments. Development assimilation techniques will also be addressed to
of the numerical methods and software tools to effectively utilize data generated from computationally-
accomplish this plays a critical role throughout the intensive methods, merging data with models to give
aerospace enterprise and will continue to be a major more useful estimates than can be obtained by either
research area over the next two decades. one alone.
Vortex flow structures associated with a flapping wing during a stroke.
Unmanned Flight Vehicles anisotropic flexible wings for optimal flapping flight.
Unmanned flight vehicles are being rapidly developed Research is utilizing insights gained from biological
and deployed. Today these are primarily used for flight, while focusing on hovering and forward-flight
defense, but evolving civil airspace regulations will allow modes of micro air vehicles, with an emphasis on the
Pr epar i n g f o r t o m o r r o w /
broader uses of unmanned flight vehicles. Such intrinsically unsteady environment due to wind gusts
Our Department has recently developed strong multiple vehicles and even large swarms of such
/ 35
decades. A substantial portion of our research focuses
Our Department has a portfolio of space systems
on cooperative control of potentially large numbers of
research that we will cultivate further. We have played a
such semi- or fully-autonomous vehicles, coordinating
central role in NASAs 10-year, two-phase Constellation
their motion to provide persistent real-time services,
University Institutes Program (CUIP), a consortium of
autonomous fault management, and strategic-level
approximately twenty universities in the U.S. addressing
decision making. Our ongoing low-speed micro air
key technical challenges in NASAs Moon-Mars
vehicle research is also addressing biologically-inspired,
We have one of the most comprehensive and advanced spacecraft propulsion
research groups at any academic institution in the world, focusing on electric
propulsion development and engine-spacecraft interaction studies, as well as
hypersonic vehicle concepts for space access and reentry.
Pr epar i n g f o r t o m o r r o w /
any academic institution in the world, focusing on
electric propulsion development and engine-spacecraft
interaction studies, as well as hypersonic vehicle
concepts for space access and reentry. This includes
development of computational models and highly-
coupled, control-oriented concepts for air-breathing
hypersonic vehicles.
/ 37
Research topics include: integration of advanced
space sensors, computational algorithms and soft-
High-resolution flow field measurements of shock wave
ware, constellation setup and operations, as well as interactions with a turbulent boundary layer.
low-cost command and control processes that take
advantage of multi-element worldwide ground systems.
2 Strategic New Aerospace
Faculty Hires
Recently, the Department has hired six new faculty members, representing nearly 25% growth in faculty size. All
are either assistant or associate professors and hold 100% appointments in the Department. More critically, each
of these new faculty members, as noted below, brings strong expertise to enhance one or more of our expanded
research thrust areas. We also have ongoing searches to add several more new faculty members to further enrich
our teaching and research portfolios.
Assoc. Prof. Ella Atkins multigrid solver for the discontinuous Galerkin finite
Professor Atkins research is on task and motion element method.
planning algorithms for autonomous systems under
Asst. Prof. Anouck Girard
various sources of uncertainties. This includes flight
Professor Girards research is in nonlinear control and
planning and guidance, autonomous unmanned air
systems engineering. Her work applies to control of
ae r o spac e at m i c h i g a n /
The Association Franois-Xavier Bagnoud (FXB) has by flight vehicles in an educational setting. It helps to
been extraordinarily generous in supporting our advance the strategic areas we have identified for
Department over the years. To help further advance our growth. Through the FXB Flight Vehicle Institute,
teaching and research missions, the Association has faculty, undergraduate, and graduate students work
recently pledged an additional $4 million to endow the together to advance the state-of-the-art in flight vehicle
Franois-Xavier Bagnoud Fellowships, as well as the research and teaching. Extracurricular projects at the
research and educational initiatives in the Department. undergraduate level are being promoted. The Institute
This brings the Association FXBs total support to $13 will sponsor workshops, issue scholarly reports and
million. Part of this support has been directed toward papers, and serve as a catalyst in the academic
establishing the Franois-Xavier Bagnoud Flight Vehicle community. The Institute also helps establish inter-
Institute. national as well as industrial collaborative activities,
Pr epar i n g f o r t o m o r r o w /
including guest lecturers, visiting researchers, and
The Institute is an integral part of our Department,
students.
focusing on research and educational topics motivated
/ 39
Students gather for a photo with Aerospace Engineering alumnus Jim McDivitt (the Commander of Apollo 9) in the Atrium of the
FXB Building.
4 A New Major Energy Initiative
In response to the growing need for energy conversion and storage technologies, the University of Michigan has
established the Michigan Memorial Phoenix Energy Institute (MMPEI) with $11 million in building renovation and
an additional $9 million in initial funding. Our Department participates in this new initiative, and several members of
our faculty are involved in research supporting MMPEI goals.
Major thrusts of the Institute include energy conversion, storage and utilization, carbon-neutral energy sources,
energy policy, and economic and societal impacts of energy usage. It coordinates research across the University in
areas such as solar power, hydrogen technology, fuel cells, nuclear energy, battery research, and low power
electronics.
It brings together Michigans energy research activities to achieve maximum impact. MMPEI serves as a resource
to assist in developing funding and attracting faculty, managing facilities, engaging industry and providing a focal
ae r o spac e at m i c h i g a n /
point on energy research, policy, and education. It also established several new chaired faculty positions, and
several new graduate fellowships in energy.
This new energy institute gives our aerospace engineering students greater opportunities to learn about energy
issues and to become directly involved in research to help solve energy-related problems.
/ 40
This new energy institute gives our aerospace engineering
problems.
Pr epar i n g f o r t o m o r r o w /
/ 41
5 A New Environmental
Sustainability Center
In response to the growing concerns around environ- research and academic efforts, encourages innovative
mental issues, The Graham Foundation and the academic programs that explore the complexities of
University have recently created a new $10.5 million environmental sustainability, and emphasizes relation-
Graham Environmental Sustainability Institute (GESI) to ships between ecosystems. The Institute also educates
develop solutions to complex environmental sustain- communities and policy makers on how to economi-
ability issues, recognizing the need for balance between cally and effectively achieve environmental sustainability.
societal needs and social responsibilities. Our
The Institute is focused on areas of research where
Department is a participant in this new sustainability
knowledge is critical to reaching the goal of environ-
institute, and several members of our faculty are
mental sustainability. These include energy, biodiversity
involved in research that supports the GESI mission.
and global change, freshwater and marine resources,
Pr epar i n g f o r t o m o r r o w /
The Institutes goals are to increase the Universitys sustainable infrastructure, human health and environ-
multidisciplinary research and education in environmen- ment, and environmental policymaking.
tal sustainability and position Michigan as a global
Through this new institute, undergraduate and graduate
leader in this field. The Graham Environmental
students at Michigan have greater access to opportuni-
Sustainability Institute facilitates collaborative research
ties for learning about environmental sustainability and
on environmental sustainability through financial and
for becoming involved in research to address related
administrative support. It leverages the Universitys
issues.
Multi-scale simulation
methods are providing
/ 43
important new insights
into tailored materials
that can provide
environmentally-friendly
performance benefits.
6 A New International Minor
for Engineers
In light of the importance that entrepreneurship has for technology development, the College of Engineering has
recently established a new Center for Entrepreneurship with $1 million in initial funding.
Pr epar i n g f o r t o m o r r o w /
This new center is developing an entrepreneurship certificate program for engineering students taking courses in
innovation and business from professors or members of the broader entrepreneurial community. It also provides
grants for students to pursue their ideas, and connects current students with alumni from the College of
Engineering who work in the start-up community. The Center simplifies and clarifies student intellectual property
transfer, and advises the new entrepreneurship-focused engineering student group MPowered.
The Center is the latest initiative in a broad effort to further facilitate student entrepreneurship. It coordinates with
Michigans existing Zell-Lurie Institute for Entrepreneurial Studies, part of the Ross School of Business, to include
business courses in the engineering curriculum. This helps students bridge the gap between inventor and venture
capitalist.
/ 45
The Center for Entrepreneurship increases the ability of aerospace engineering students at Michigan to get
first-hand experience in entrepreneurial processes and the role that entrepreneurism plays in the aerospace
enterprise.
8 Expanded Curriculum and
Design Opportunities
To further expand our students backgrounds beyond the Human Powered Helicopter team, the Michigan
traditional engineering analyses, our Department has Mars Rover team, the AeroDesign/MFly team, the
been enhancing its curriculum and encouraging student Student Space Systems Fabrication Laboratory, the Jet
involvement in extracurricular design-build-test Engine Club, the Model Airplane Club, and the
opportunities. We offer a highly successful first-year Michigan Aeronautical Science Association (MASA).
engineering course that combines an introduction to
To increase opportunities for collaborative student team
engineering with design-build-test projects. Students
design projects, the College has recently completed a
design a Mars surveillance blimp that they then test via
$3 million renovation of the Walter E. Wilson Student
Earth-scaled models. They learn by direct experience
Team Project Center, located adjacent to our
and immersion in systems engineering issues. The
Department. This 10,000 square-foot center provides a
course has been supported in part by Boeing and
modern collaborative environment and team work-
ae r o spac e at m i c h i g a n /
The University has begun a $30 million Interdisciplinary Junior Faculty Initiative to add 100 new junior tenure-track
faculty positions in areas that advance interdisciplinary teaching and research. These new positions are created
Pr epar i n g f o r t o m o r r o w /
with the goal of recruiting scholars whose work crosses boundaries and opens new pathways, or for cluster hires
that bring scholars from different fields together to explore significant questions or address complex problems. The
program is enhancing the Universitys ability to engage emerging research opportunities.
A total of 25 new junior faculty have been hired under this initiative in 2008, the first year of the program, and three
of these are in engineering. Their research will be in data mining, learning, and discovery using massive datasets;
energy storage, and global change.
Over the next four years, the remaining 75 positions in this initial phase of the program will be similarly filled with
junior tenure-track faculty working in interdisciplinary areas that address some of the most important teaching and
/ 47
research opportunities for the future.
t
y or
ilit re
e su
pp
g inab de
g ed
n rin ion ta sh
at i o
n e e
e n t
s u s
e ms r ts
m ini
al
iz gi nv l ign ys
t
al
a
,d
i
ds
en &i ta es es er ts ee
t ion n g o n m en
t d c i b o s n
na fin
i ti on spa
l c ta
l
er ova cr
af as ing cie
de vir ro g
int r e i n n e n a i r a e e n r i s s o
1 Expanded
Departmental
Research Thrusts
2 Strategic New
Aerospace Faculty
Hires
5 A New Environmental
Sustainability CenteR
6 A New International
Minor for Engineers
7 A New Engineering
Entrepreneurism
Center
8 Expanded Curriculum
and Design
Opportunities
9 100-Faculty
Interdisciplinary
Hiring Initiative
S
ince its inception, the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Michigan has
been recognized as one of the leading members of the academic component in the aerospace
enterprise. Today, as throughout its nearly 100-year history, the Departments educational and
research activities are organized around advancing the technical disciplines needed to address
engineering issues associated with air and space vehicles, vehicle systems, and related
l ead i n g t h e way /
technologies. This includes a strategically balanced representation in the Departments research areas and in its
curriculum of aerodynamics and propulsion, solid mechanics and structures, flight dynamics and control, and
design of hardware and software in ways that prepare our students to become future leaders in this field.
/ 51
The Michigan-designed UAV Endurance recently broke the record for fuel-cell
powered flight. It flew for 10 hours, 15 minutes and 4 seconds on October 30th,
2008 in Milan, MI.
As outlined in the preceding pages, our Department is approach. Rather than making speculative predictions
exceedingly well-positioned for the future. We have a or simplistic assertions about which technical topic will
growing professoriate faculty of highly-recognized become the next major focus of our field, we instead
individuals working in a collaborative and vibrant base our assessment of the future on identifying some
intellectual climate, and strong enrollments of highly- of the key elements that will influence the aerospace
qualified students at both the undergraduate and enterprise over the next two decades. All of these will
graduate levels. We have an excellent and highly have important impacts on this field, and will most likely
modern curriculum that is deep in its course offerings have implications on the future.
and meets the needs of tomorrows aerospace
The resulting changes that these factors will produce
engineers. We have a strong research position that
represent fresh challenges and opportunities for
successfully balances our traditional focus on
academic departments that understand the forces
fundamental research questions with additional
driving them, their nature and extent, and the implica-
efforts addressing engineering systems and
tions they have across the aerospace enterprise. The
applications research in some of todays and
opportunities they present are available to those who
tomorrows most imperative topics.
are prepared to be properly positioned for the next two
In preparing for the next decade and beyond, our decades in this field.
ae r o spac e at m i c h i g a n /
the future will be founded, and the abilities that we have instilled in
l ead i n g t h e way /
/ 53
Our faculty members are inspired, driven, and dedicated to the dual teaching and research missions on which the
Department is based. Many are recognized leaders in their fields of expertise; their research areas span the most
important contemporary aspects of aerospace engineering.
Ella M. Atkins, Associate Professor. Individual and James F. Driscoll, Professor. Turbulent combustion,
collaborative air and space systems, fault-tolerant flight nitric oxide reduction, supersonic combustion, scram-
management, UAV/MAV applications. jets, rocket combustion, laser diagnostics.
Luis P. Bernal, Associate Professor. Fluid mechanics, Krzysztof Fidkowski, Assistant Professor.
aerodynamics, turbulent shear flow, whole-field flow Computational fluid dynamics, higher-order discretiza-
measurement, microgravity fluid physics. tions, discontinuous Galerkin methods, fluid dynamics.
Dennis S. Bernstein, Professor. Linear and nonlinear Peretz P. Friedmann, Professor. Rotary and fixed wing
systems, identification, optimal, robust and adaptive aeroelasticity, aerothermoelasticity, multidisciplinary
control. optimization, micro air vehicles.
Iain D. Boyd, Professor. Electric propulsion, hyperson- Alec D. Gallimore, Professor. Experimental plasma
ics, micro-scale flows, computation of nonequilibrium physics, plasma probes, microwave and optical
gas and plasma dynamics. diagnostics, electric propulsion, space propulsion.
Carlos E. S. Cesnik, Professor. Aeroelasticity, active Anouck R. Girard, Assistant Professor. Nonlinear
vibration and noise reduction, structural health monitor- systems, hybrid systems, embedded systems,
ing, transducer design, signal processing. cooperative control, unmanned vehicles.
James W. Cutler, Assistant Professor. Small satellites, W. Matthias Ihme, Assistant Professor. Turbulent
space systems, ground stations, engineering design, reactive flows, large eddy simulation, flamelet modeling,
system engineering. scalar mixing, aeroacoustics.
Werner J.A. Dahm, Professor. Turbulence, turbulent Pierre T. Kabamba, Professor. Control theory, dynam-
flows, mixing, combustion, flow and combustion ics, modeling robustness, sampled-data systems,
modeling, propulsion, aerodynamics, defense science. guidance, navigation, process control.
N. Harris McClamroch, Professor. Nonlinear dynamics Nicolas Triantafyllidis, Professor. Continuum mechan-
and control, geometric mechanics, feedback control, ics, micromechanics, structural stability, geomechanics,
optimization, estimation. magneto-electro-mechanical coupling in solids.
Elaine S. Oran, Adjunct Professor. Computational fluid Bram van Leer, Professor. Computational fluid dynam-
dynamics, computational combustion, rarified gas flow, ics, fluid dynamics, numerical analysis, compressible
fluid and particle dynamics, astrophysics. flow, hyperbolic partial differential equations.
Kenneth G. Powell, Professor. Computational fluid Anthony M. Waas, Professor. Composite structures,
dynamics, aerodynamics, numerical methods for structural stability, biologically inspired materials,
plasmas, computational space physics. nanocomposites, engineered materials.
Philip L. Roe, Professor. Computational fluid dynamics, Peter D. Washabaugh, Associate Professor.
gasdynamics, nonequilibrium flow, hypersonics, Experimental solid mechanics, fracture mechanics,
magnetohydrodynamics, electromagnetics. instrumentation, non-destructive testing, optimization.
John A. Shaw, Associate Professor. Mechanics of Charla K. Wise, Adjunct Professor. Vice President of
adaptive materials and structures, instabilities and Technology Environment, Safety and Health,
thermomechanical behavior of solids, experimental Lockheed Martin Corporation.
mechanics.
Margaret S. Wooldridge, Professor (Mechanical
Daniel J. Scheeres, Adjunct Professor. Astrodynamics, Engineering). Combustion, reburn and co-firing
orbital mechanics, asteroid and comet science, technologies, reaction kinetics, aerosol sampling
navigation and control, space science. and transport, optical diagnostics.
Wei Shyy, Professor and Chair. Computational fluid Thomas H. Zurbuchen, Professor (Atmospheric,
dynamics, micro air vehicles, bio-inspired flight, biofluid Oceanic, and Space Sciences). Space flight hardware,
dynamics, thermofluid systems. space particle detectors, heliosphere plasma
composition, solar wind, interstellar gas and dust.
Timothy B. Smith, Lecturer. Experimental plasma
physics, atomic spectroscopy, laser diagnostics,
electric propulsion, space propulsion.
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