XII - English I Paper

Complete Material
For
Slow Bloomers

Prepared By

M.Muthuprabakaran M.A.,B.Ed.,
Graduate Teacher (English),
Govt. Hr. Sec. School, Puzhuthipatti,
Sivagangai Dt-630309.

Once you learn to Quit, it becomes a Habit

Name : ______________________________
Class : ___________________________
School : ______________________________
1 www.Padasalai.Net

tpdhj;jhspy; cs;s bkhj;j gphpt[fs; 5

tpdhj;jhspy; cs;s bkhj;j tpdhf;fs; 69

vGj ntz;oa tpdhf;fspd; vz;zpf;if 59

gjpy; ju ntz;oa kjpg;bgz;fs;

bkhj;j kjpg;bgz;fs; 100 (149)
m. brhw;fs";rpak; rhh;e;j nfs;tpfs; 30 (36)
M. ,yf;fzk; rhh;e;j nfs;tpfs; 20 (20)
,. thrpg;g[j;jpwd; rhh;e;j nfs;tpfs; 15 (15)
<. v[GJjy; jpwd; rhh;e;j nfs;tpfs; (ghlg;gFjp) 15 (45)
c. ,yf;fpaeak; rhh;e;j nfs;tpfs; (ghly; gFjp) 20 (33)

kjpg;bgz;fs; xJf;fPL
1. xU kjpg;bgz; tpdhf;fs; 34 (34)
2. ,uz;L kjpg;bgz; tpdhf;fs; 40 (46)
3. \d;W kjpg;bgz; tpdhf;fs; 06 (09)
4. Ie;J kjpg;bgz; tpdhf;fs; 10 (30)
5. gj;J kjpg;bgz; tpdhf;fs; 10 (30)

bkhj;j kjpg;bgz;fs; 100 (149)

Preface
To all the respected teachers of English, this bi-lingual material has been
prepared so effectively for the slow learners to get rid of the fear in English
Subject. And they can attend the examination quite confidently. To make the
students feel easy, Tamil explanation and some easy ways are given for all the
questions. I assure you that this material will help the students to achieve good
marks in their examination.
Instruction does much,
But
Encouragement everything
Above lines are dedicated to my well-wishers who were encouraged me for my 10th
English Complete Material published in www.kalvisolai.com and other educational websites.
My heartfelt thanks to Mr.Senthivelmurugan Sir (CEO Sivagangai DT). I also thank Mr.Cruze
(Matro Xerox, Nagamalai Puthukkottai, Madurai-19) & K.Agilan Suresh (Art Master, GHSS,

Puzhuthipatti.)

2 www.Padasalai.Net
 Section A Vocabulary Lexical Competencies (30 Marks)
I. A.Synonyms - Question No. 1 to 5 (5 Marks):
,f;nfs;tpapy; bfhLf;fg;gl;l Ie;J thh;j;ijfSf;F rhpahd bghUs; bfhz;l
thh;j;ijiaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGj ntz;Lk;. nfs;tp xU thf;fpakhf bfhLf;fg;gl;L
mjpy; bghUs; mwptjw;fhd thh;j;ij mof;nfhol;L bfhLf;fg;gl;oUf;Fk;. mtw;wpd;
fPnH bfhLf;fg;gl;l ehd;F tpilfspy; xd;iwj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGj ntz;Lk;.
1. captives prisoners 31. sturdy strong
2. ceaseless untiring 32. enigma mystery
3. awakened aroused 33. sacred holy
4. ornate decorate 34. vanquished defeated
5. battered hit hard 35. poignant bitter, sharp
6. valour brave, courage 36. herculean mighty
7. emerged arouse 37. crusader fought
8. hardness control 38. stranded marooned
9. honorable upright, principled 39. petrified frightened / immobile
10. accelerated speeding up 40. pursuit continue
11. dormant inactive 41. squashed subdue / suppress
12. slew killed 42. retained possess
13. advent arrival 43. nausea stink / vomiting
14. ruffle upset 44. perusal reading attentively
15. patronage support 45. ominous bad / threatening
16. assail attack, assault 46. bizarre strange
17. sullen miserable 47. pause stop
18. endurance tolerance 48. conviction belief
19. mutiny revolt 49. truant laborious
20. intuition insight 50. visage face
21. menacing threatening 51. devoted dedicated
22. frailty weakness 52. delusive misleading
23. industrious hardworking, diligent 53. petrified immobile
24. wit intelligence 54. proliferated multiply / produce new
25. harness control 55. stench stink
26. libel slander, false statement 56. serenely calmly
27. seduce tempt, entice 57. cause reason
28. tranquility calm 58. cultivate develop
29. instant immediate 59. harness control
30. valiant brave 60. vile evil

3 www.Padasalai.Net
I. B.Antonyms - Question No. 6 to 10 (5 Marks):
,f;nfs;tpapy; bfhLf;fg;gl;l Ie;J thh;j;ijfSf;F vjph;r;brhy;iyj; njh;e;bjLj;J
vGj ntz;Lk;. nfs;tp xU thf;fpakhff; bfhLf;fg;gl;L mjpy; bghUs; mwptjw;fhd
thh;j;ij mof;nfhol;L (Underlined) bfhLf;fg;gl;oUf;Fk;. mtw;wpd; fPnH bfhLf;fg;gl;l
ehd;F tpilfspy; xd;iwj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGj ntz;Lk;.
1. ultimate x initial 21. tranquility x agitation, panic
2. faithful x disloyal 22. trivial x significant
3. broad x narrow 23. loosened x tightened
4. brief x detailed 24. deterred x encouraged
5. radically x moderately 25. perfect x imperfect
6. sacred x unholy 26. praise x criticize
7. abandoned x inhabited 27. harness x release, free
8. interested x indifferent 28. destruct x construct
9. vile x good 29. serenely x excitedly
10. vigorous x weak, inactive 30. suspicious x certain
11. undamaged x damaged 31. sublime x poor
12. dormant x active 32. agitated x calm
13. reverence x irreverence, disrespect 33. broad x narrow
14. obscure x clear 34. valiant x timid / coward
15. cursed x blessed 35. mighty x weak
16. illiterate x literate 36. frailty x strength
17. agony x pleasure 37. marvelous x ordinary
18. visible x invisible 38. sturdy x weak
19. bestowed x denied 39. eventually x initially
20. vanish x appear 40. marvelous x ordinary

I. C. Answer any ten of the following: (10x2=20)

Question No. 11 Plural Form (2 Marks):
xUikahf (Singular) bfhLf;fg;gl;oUf;Fk; ,U thh;j;ijfis gd;ik (Plural)
thh;j;ijfshf khw;wp mij xU thf;fpakhf mikj;J vGj ntz;Lk;. fPnH cs;s
fl;lj;jpy; bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s vspa Kiwfis epidtpy; itj;Jf; bfhs;tJ
,f;nfs;tpia vspjhf;Fk;.
epidtpy; itj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;bait
-is -es Axis Axes
-um -a Datum Data
Example

-a -ae Formula Formulae

-us -i Alumnus Alumni
-oo -ee Tooth Teeth
-x -ces Matrix Matrices
-f -ves Leaf Leaves

4 www.Padasalai.Net
tpjptpyf;Ffs;:
1. Sheep, cattle, deer, aircraft, swine Mfpatw;Wf;F Singular, Plural xd;nw.
2. Spectacles, news, premises, species Mfpatw;Wf;F Singular, Plural xd;nw.
3. Man-men, woman-women, child-children. nghd;w vGj;Jf;fSf;F rpW khw;w';fs; kl;Lk; Vw;gLj;jt[k;.
4. Son-in-law nghd;w xUik thh;j;ijfSf;F gd;ik totk; bgUk;ghYk; Kjy; thh;j;ijapnyna tUk;. Sons-in-law.

Question No . 12 Idioms (2 Marks):

,f;nfs;tp ctik tifiar; rhh;e;jJ MFk;. jkpH; bkhHpapy; ehk; gad;gLj;Jk;
ngr;RtHf;F nghd;wJ MFk;. nfs;tpapy; bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s jdpkug[ thf;fpaj;ij (Idiom)
vLj;J mij xU thf;fpakhf mikj;J vGj ntz;Lk;.
S.
Idiom Meaning Sentence
No
1 To be on cloud nine To be extremely happy We are on cloud nine
2 To be at logger heads To disagree strongly Ramu and Somu are at logger heads
3 Put on airs Show off She is put on airs.
4 Stand a chance To have a potential opportunity Vijay stands a chance of winning the award.

Use the Idiom a bolt from the blue in a sentence of your own:
vspa Kiw:
1. I know the meaning of the idiom a bolt from the blue. (or)
2. I like the idiom a bolt from the blue. (or)
3. The idiom a bolt from the blue is interesting.

Question No. 13 Abbreviation (2 Marks):

Abbreviation vd;gJ xU tphpthd thh;j;ijapd;/ bgahpd; Kjy; vGj;Jf;fis kl;Lk;

bfhz;l RUf;fk; MFk; (v.fh. SBI). nfs;tpapy; bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s RUf;fthh;j;ijia
(Abbreviation) tphpthf;fp mij xU thf;fpakhf mikj;J vGj ntz;Lk;.

5 www.Padasalai.Net
 Abbreviations & Acronyms
1. PC Personal Computer 20. Ltd Limited
2. CD Compact Disc 21. Mon Monday
3. BPO Business Process Outsourcing 22. HSS Higher Secondary School
4. CPU Central Processing Unit 23. TOEFL Test Of English as a Foreign Language
5. FM Frequency Modulator 24. Radar Radio Detection and Ranging
6. SBI State Bank of India 25. GATE Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering
7. LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas 26. VIRUS Vital Information and Research Under Siege
8. UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply 27. HUDCO Housing and Urban Development Corporation
9. VCR Video Cassette Recorder 28. AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
10. RP Received Pronunciation 29. WHO World Health Organization
11. TV Tele Vision 30. NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
12. CAD Computer Aided Designing 31. AVADI Armed Vehicles and Ammunition Depot of India
13. UGC University Grants Commission 32. ISRO Indian Space Research Organization
14. PSU Public Sector Unit 33. UNO United Nations Organization
15. ATM Automated Teller Machine 34. LAN Local Area Network
16. BHEL Bharat Heavy Electrical Limited 35. NLC Neyveli Lignite Corporation
17. VIBGYOR Violet Indigo Blue Green Yellow 36. LASER Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of
Orange Red Radiation
18. Kg Kilogram 37. ILO International Labour Organization
19. BBC British Broadcasting Corporation 38. SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Co-Operation

Write a sentence using the expanded form of the abbreviation CPU:

vspa Kiw:
1. Central Processing Unit is the expanded form of CPU.
2. CPU is the shortened form of Central Processing Unit.

Question No. 14 Homophones (2 Marks):

Homophones vd;gJ xnu cr;rhpg;igf; bfhz;l/ Mdhy; Spelling kw;Wk; mh;j;jk;
ntWgl;l ,uz;L brhw;fshFk;. bfhLf;fg;gl;l nfs;tpapd; mh;j;jj;ija[k;/ ,uz;L
thh;j;ijfspd; mh;j;jj;ija[k; Xust[ g[hpe;J bfhz;lhny vspjhf gjpyspj;J tplyhk;.
1. I had no _____. He gave me _____ of advice. (peace/piece)
2. The protruding ___ of the tree obstructed our _____. (root/route)
3. The ___ of this story is good for students ____. (moral/morale)
4. The moisture is ____ to the heavy ____. (due/dew)
5. They had dates for _____ in the ___. (dessert/desert)
6. He is fully ____ about his ____ in doing things. (conscience/conscious)
7. Priyas ____ son ____ himself to the new environment. (adopted/adapted)
8. None has ____ such a ___ created by monster waves so far. (seen/scene)
9. Everybody appreciated our ____ for his ____ (principal/principle)
10. Those who are ___ of their ___ dare not do mistakes. (conscious/conscience)
11. She ___ the rubbish ___ the window yesterday. (threw/through)
12. I dont know ___ the ___ will permit us to go. (whether/weather)
13. Last ____ he did not attend school as he was ____. (week/weak)
14. The ____ lorry was loaded with ____ items. (stationary/stationery)
15. The ____ leader visited the ____ city in China. (popular/populous)
16. The ____ young man went to the ___ city. (industrial/industrious)

6 www.Padasalai.Net
Question No. 15 Blended Words (2 Marks):
,U KG thh;j;ijfis ,izj;J/ ,U thh;j;ijfisa[k; fye;j xU g[jpa mh;j;jk;
bfhz;l thh;j;ijia vGjp mg;g[J thh;j;ija[ld; xU thf;fpak; mikf;f ntz;Lk;.

Word 1 Word 2 Blended Word Sentence

Vegetable Hamburger Vegeburger I like to eat vegeburger.
Breakfast Lunch Brunch I had brunch at 11 am.
Medical Care Medicare Medicare is useful.
Travel Catalogue Travelogue I read the travelogue.
Melody Drama Melodrama I watched the melodrama.
Education Entertainment Edutainment I watched the edutainment.
News Broadcast Newscast I watched the newscast in TV.
Documentary Drama Docudrama I watched the docudrama.
Motorway Hotel Motel We had lunch at motel.
International Police Interpol The Interpol arrested him.
Smoke Fog Smog I stuck in smog.
Education Satellite Edusat India launched edusat.
Lecture Demonstration Lecdem The teacher gave us lecdem.
Electro Execute Electrocute He was electrocuted.
Helicopter Airport Heliport I saw heliport in Madurai.

Question No. 16 Syllabification (2 Marks):

,f;nfs;tpapy; bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ehd;F brhw;fspy; ,uz;oid vj;jid mirfs;
cs;sd vd;W vLj;bjGj ntz;Lk;. ,f;nfs;tpf;F gjpyspf;f ,uz;L vspa Kiwfs;
fPnH bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mitfspy; xd;iw itj;J vspjhf gphpj;J tplyhk;.
vspa Kiw 1:
bfhLf;fg;gl;l thh;j;ijia mg;gona jkpHpy; rhpahd cr;rhpg;g[ld; jtwpy;yhky; vGj ntz;Lk;.
jkpHpy; vGjpa thh;j;ijapy; cs;s g[s;sp itj;j brhw;fis mof;f ntz;Lk;. moj;jJ nghf
kPjkpUf;Fk; brhw;fs; jhd; me;j thh;j;ijapYs;s mirfs; (Syllables).
v.fh. Determination- ol;lh;kpnd#d; - olkpnd# - 5 Syllables.

vspa Kiw 2: (95% rhpahd Kiw)

bghJthf Syllables Mf gphpf;Fk; nghJ Vowels (a,e,i,o,u) vdg;gLk; capbuhypapida[k; mijr;
rhh;e;j vGj;Jf;fisa[k; ikakhff; bfhz;L jhd; gphpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
vdnt bfhLf;fg;gl;l thh;j;ijfspy; cs;s a, e, i, o, u Mfpa Ie;J vGj;Jf;fis itj;nj
mt;thh;j;ijapy; vj;jid mirfs; cs;sd vd;W vspjhf fz;Lgpoj;J tplyhk;.
,U capbuhyp vGj;Jf;fs; mUfUnf (au, ae, ei, io, oo, ee) te;jhy; mij xU mirahfnt
fzf;fplg;gl ntz;Lk;. (iu jtph;j;J)
thh;j;ijapd; filrpapy; e vd;w vGj;J te;jpUe;jhy; mij fzf;fpy; vLj;Jf; bfhs;sf;TlhJ
thh;j;ijapd; filrpapy; y vd;w vGj;J te;jpUe;jhy; mij xU Syllable Mf fzf;fpy; vLj;Jf;
bfhs;s ntz;Lk;.
v.fh. Matriculation Matriculation a,i,u,a,io 5 Syllables

7 www.Padasalai.Net
Question No. 17 Reframing the word (2 Marks):
,f;nfs;tpapy; xU thh;j;ij bfhLf;fg;gl;L mij bgah;r;brhy;ypd; (Noun)
,lj;jpYk;/ tpidr;brhy;ypd; (Verb) ,lj;jpYk; Vw;gLj;jp ,U thf;fpa';fis mikf;f
ntz;Lk;. mof;fo nfl;ff;Toa thh;j;ijfs; ,U thf;fpa';fshff; bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
,itfis vg;go vGJtJ vd;W bjhpe;J itj;Jf; bfhz;lhy; nghJkhdJ.

S.No Word As a Noun As a Verb

1 Tear She shed tears Dont tear the page
2 Hope She has no hope of recovery I hope to win this match
3 Well There is a well in my garden Tears well in your eyes
4 Play I read Shakespeares play I will play cricket tomorrow
5 File I have a file I filed it
6 Love God is love I love my parents
7 Help I need your help I will help you
8 Address Please give me your address He addressed the gathering
9 Lead Lead is a heavy metal I am ready to lead you
10 Match Let us play friendly match No one can match him in strength
11 Break Let us have a short break Do not break the box
12 Face Face is the index of the mind I can face any problem

Question No. 18 American English (2 Marks):

,f;nfs;tpapy; xU gphpl;o#; M';fpy thh;j;ij bfhLf;fg;gl;oUf;Fk;. mjw;F
,izahd mbkhpf;f M';fpy thh;j;ijia xU thf;fpakhf mikj;J vGj ntz;Lk;.

8 www.Padasalai.Net
 British American British American British American
English English English English English English
Trumpet Horn Flat Apartment Ground floor First floor
Jug Pitcher Single One way Luggage Baggage
Dustbin Trash can Film / Cinema Movie Tin Can
Goods train Freight train Lorry Truck Underground Subway
Blind Window Shade Post Mail Railway Railroad
Chips French Fries Lift Elevator Pavement Sidewalk
Holiday Vacation Autumn Fall Aerial Antenna
Torch light Flash light Tap Faucet Druggist Chemist
Sweet Candy Interval Intermission Crisp Potato chips
Rise Raise Nappy Diaper Petrol Gasoline
Biscuits Cookies Shop assistant Sales clerk Mobile phone Cell phone
Taxi Cab Centre Center Programme Program
Write a sentence of your own using the American English word for sweet:
vspa Kiw:
1. Candy is an American English word (or)
2. I like to eat candy (or) cookies (or) French fries (or) potato chips.
3. I like to drive cab (or) truck.
4. We want to go to movie (or) vacation (or) first floor (or) subway (or) sidewalk.
5. I bought a new flash light (or) apartment (or) faucet (or) cell phone.

Question No. 19 Compound Word (2 Marks):

,U ntW mh;j;jKs;s brhw;fs; ,ize;J xU g[jpa brhy;iyf; bfhLj;jhy; mJ
Compound Word MFk;. ,f;nfs;tpapy; xU Compound Word ,U nkw;nfhs;FwpfSf;Fs;
bfhLf;fg;gl;oUf;Fk;. mij itj;J xU g[jpa thf;fpaj;ij mikj;J vGj ntz;Lk;.
Word 1 Word 2 New Word Sentence
Down To earth Down-to-earth He is a down to earth person.
World Famous World famous He is a world famous person.
Good For nothing Good-for-nothing He is a good for nothing person
Taxi Driver Taxi driver He is a taxi driver.
Shop Owner Shop owner He is a shop owner.
Sports Man Sportsman He is a sportsman.
Out Patient Outpatient He is an outpatient.
Son In law Son-in-law He is my son in law.
Duty Free Duty free This is a duty free item.
Point To point Point to point This is a point to point bus.
Long Forgotten Long forgotten This is a long forgotten word.
Day To day Day-to-day This is a day to day activity.
Air Conditioning Air conditioning I have an air conditioning machine at my home.
Kitchen Garden Kitchen garden I have kitchen garden at my home.
Washing Machine Washing machine I have a washing machine at my home.
Wood Work Wood work I like this wood work.
Well To do Well-to-do He comes from a well to do family.
House Arrest House arrest She was placed under house arrest.

9 www.Padasalai.Net
Question No. 20 Prefixes and Suffixes (2 Marks):
bfhLf;fg;gl;l thh;j;ijf;F Kd;dhy; rpW mirfis nrh;g;gJ Prefix MFk;. v.fh.
Untidy. bfhLf;fg;gl;l thh;j;ijf;F gpd;dhy; rpW mirfis nrh;g;gJ Suffix MFk;. v.fh.
Cricketer. ,f;nfs;tpapy; Prefix kw;Wk; Suffix Mfpa ,uz;Lk; bfhLf;fg;gl;oUf;Fk;.
mtw;wpy; xd;iwj; njh;e;bjLj;J mtw;wpw;F thf;fpaj;Jld; tpilaspf;f ntz;Lk;.

Prefix Suffix
Prefix Root Word New Word Root Word Suffix New Word
Pre Dictor Predictor Manage Ment Management
Un Well Unwell Book Let Booklet
Fore Noon Forenoon Critic Ise Criticize
Post Operation Post operation Tax Able Taxable
In Direct Indirect Fool Ish Foolish
Bi Cycle Bicycle Visit Or Visitor
Dis Interested Disinterested Thank Ful Thankful
Uni Form Uniform Child Hood Childhood
Im Possible Impossible Happy Ness Happiness
Mis Lead Mislead Quick Ly Quickly
Non Violence Non violence Care Less Careless
De Grade Degrade Immortal Ity Immortality
Write a sentence using a word with the prefix im or the suffix able.
vspa Kiw:
1. I am a predictor (or) visitor .
2. I am disinterested (or) unwell (or) nonviolence (or) thankful (or) careless in my life.
3. I bought a new bicycle (or) booklet.
4. He misleads (or) degrades (or) criticizes herself.

Question No. 21 Compound Word Formation (2 Marks):

,U ntW mh;j;jKs;s brhw;fs; ,ize;J g[jpa brhy;iyf; bfhLj;jhy; mJ
Compound Word MFk;. ,f;nfs;tpapy; xU Compound Word ,U ,yf;fzg; gFjpfshff;
nfl;fg;gl;oUf;Fk;. fPnH bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sij kl;Lk; goj;Jf; bfhz;lhy; nghJkhdJ.
1 Noun + Noun School + boy Schoolboy
2 Noun + Verb Sun + rise Sunrise
3 Noun + Gerund Air + conditioning Air-conditioning
4 Noun + Adjective Air + tight Air tight
5 Verb + Noun Play + ground Playground
6 Verb + Verb Showcase Showcase
7 Verb + Adverb Send + off Send off
8 Gerund + Noun Dancing + bird Dancing bird
9 Preposition + Verb In + put Input
10 Adjective + Noun Black + board Blackboard
11 Adjective + Adjective Hard + bound Hardbound
12 Adjective + Verb White + wash Whitewash

10 www.Padasalai.Net
Question No. 22 Phrasal Verbs (2 Marks):
Phrasal Verb vd;gJ brhw;bwhlh; tpidr;brhy; tifiar; rhh;e;jJ MFk;.
,f;nfs;tpapy; ,U Phrasal Verbs bfhLf;fg;gl;oUf;Fk;. mjw;fhd rhpahd tpsf;fj;ij
mwpe;J thf;fpaj;ij mikj;J vGj ntz;Lk;.

S.N Phrasal Verb Meaning Sentence

1 Call off Cancel The strike was called off.
2 Call for Need something She called for the doctor.
3 Call up Recollect He cannot call up the past events.
4 Call upon Invite to speak The leader called upon his men.
5 Cut off Remove The village remained cut off from the city.
6 Cut short Reduce We cut short our tour.
7 Go ahead Continue Can we go ahead with our party plans?
8 Go against Oppose He will go against his dad.
9 Pull on Fun He pulled on his pants.
10 Pull up Overtake He pulled up a chair.
11 Look after Watch Please look after the child.
12 Look into Inspect Please look into the matter.
13 Look out Observe Please look out for the answer.
14 Take off Depart Flights take off at night.
15 Take over Capture They take over the charge today.
16 Keep up Maintain Our team keeps up its winning streak.
17 Put on Wear He puts on a new dress.
18 Put off Postpone Do not put off anything.
19 Keep on Continue They kept on talking inspite of warning.
20 Give up Abandon He advised him to give up smoking.
Question No. 23 Clipped Words (2 Marks):
,f;nfs;tpapy; ,U KG thh;j;ijfs; bfhLf;fg;gl;oUf;Fk;. ,uz;L thh;j;ijfspd;
RUf;f thh;j;ijia vGJtJld;/ mjid xU thf;fpakhf mikj;J vGj ntz;Lk;.

S.N Word Clipped Word Sentence

1 Advertisement Ad I like this ad.
2 Telephone Phone I like this phone.
3 Suitcase Case I like this case.
4 Handkerchief Kerchief I like this kerchief.
5 Perambulator Pram I like this pram.
6 Refrigerator Fridge I like this fridge.
7 Fountain pen Pen I like this pen.
8 Taxicab Cab I like this cab.
9 Photograph Photo I like this photo.
10 Spectacles Specs I wear specs.
11 Demarcate Mark Mark the parts of the body.

11 www.Padasalai.Net
 12 Mathematics Maths Maths is an easy subject.
13 Microphone Mic He stood before the mic.
14 Laboratory Lab He went to lab.
15 Discotheque Disco He went to disco.
16 Gymnasium Gym He went to gym.
17 Hamburger Burger I ate burger.
18 Signature Sign Please sign the document.
19 Influenza Flu I affected with flu.
20 Helicopter Copter The copter flew low.

Section B Grammatical Competencies (20 Marks)

II. A. Fill in the blanks: (10x1=10)
Question No. 24 & 26 Modal Verbs & Semi / Quasi Modals (1+1=2 Marks):
Modal Verb vd;gJ tiuKiw Fwpf;fpd;w tpidr;brhy; MFk;. ,f;nfs;tpapy; xU
thf;fpak; bfhLf;fg;gl;L tpidr;brhy;ypd; ,lj;jpy; nfs;tp nfl;fg;gl;oUf;Fk;.

Full Modals
Modal Auxiliaries Semi / Quasi
Modals
1) will 6) could 1) used to
2) would 7) may 2) ought to
3) shall 8) might 3) need
4) should 9) must 4) dare
5) can

S.N Full Modals Meaning

1 Can
wikia Fl, mDk kW rhaTW.
2 Could
3 Shall Ug, flha kW flik.
4 Should rhaTW kW jfhf iy.
5 Will Ugij bjF Fl Ko.
6 Would Ugij bjf, fgidahd Ko.
7 May
mDk kW cWaw jik.
8 Might
9 Must njit kW flha
S.N Quasi / Semi Modals Meaning
1 Ought to flikid, flhaid FwJ.
2 Used to tHfkhd bra.
3 Dare rth kW ijakhd bra.
4 Need njit kW njitaw iy.

12 www.Padasalai.Net
Textbook Exercises:
S. N Full Modals Quasi / Semi Modals
1 I hope she will succeed. My grandfather used to go for a walk when he
was young.
2 If you worked hard, you would pass. They ought to remain indoors.
3 During our trip to States, shall we visit the You need not read every chapter.
Niagara Falls?
4 Eve teasers should be punished severely. How dare you oppose the leader?
5 A good teacher can make even boring lessons
interesting.
6 Valarmathi could have got a good job in those
days.
7 Dont worry; this may happen to anyone and
anybody.
8 She might come tomorrow.
9 Caesars wife must be above suspicion.
rpW kw;Wk; vspa Kiwfs;:
1. nfhLf;fg;gl;l Nfs;tpapy; te;jpUe;jhy; vd;gNj tpil MFk;.
2. cld; d; ,lj;jpy; te;jhy; vd;gNj tpilahf ,Uf;Fk;.
3. thf;fpaj;jpy;; te;jpUe;jhy; ngUk;ghYk; vd;gNj tpilahf ,Uf;Fk;.

Question No. 25 & 27 Tenses {Suitable Verb Form} (1+1=2 Marks):

,f;nfs;tpapy; rhpahd Tense Form-I vGj ntz;Lk;. ,jw;F M';fpyj;jpd; 12
tif fhy';fs; (Tenses) gw;wp bjspthf mwpe;J itj;Jf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. fPnH cs;s
fl;lj;jpy; 12 tifahd fhy';fs; (Tenses) kw;Wk; mitfis vspjhf fz;Lgpoj;J
vGJk; KiwfSk; bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Tense Keywords General Form Answer Type
Simple Usually, generally, 1) I am / verb
Present always, now a days, 2) He/she/it/all singular subjects is / verb+s / verb+es
Tense every dayetc. 3) We/you/they/all plural subjects are / verb
Present Now, at present, still, 1) I am / verb+ing
Continuous at this moment, this 2) He/she/it/all singular subjects is / verb+ing
Tense eveningetc 3) We/you/they/all plural subjects are / verb+ing
Present Just, so far, recently, 1) He/she/it/all singular subjects has + Past Participle
Perfect Tense till, till now, neveretc 2) We/you/they/all plural subjects have + Past Participle
Present
Perfect 1) He/she/it/all singular subjects has + been + verb + ing
Since / for
Continuous 2) We/you/they/all plural subjects have + been + verb + ing
Tense
Simple Past Yesterday, last week, 1) He/she/it/all singular subjects was / past tense verb
Tense ago, once, since...etc 2) We/you/they/all plural subjects were / past tense verb

13 www.Padasalai.Net
 Past All last night, for a long 1) He/she/it/all singular subjects was + verb + ing
Continuous time yesterday, from, 2) We/you/they/all plural subjects were + verb + ing
Tense once upon a time..etc
Past Perfect
Already Had + Past Participle
Tense
Past Perfect
Continuous Had been Had + been + verb + ing
Tense
Simple Tomorrow, in future, 1) I/we shall + root verb
Future Tense next week, later, here 2) He/she/it/all singular subjects will + root verb
after, soon, 3) We/you/they/all plural subjects will + root verb
shortlyetc
Future By this time tomorrow,
Continuous during july, at this time Shall / will + be + verb + ing
Tense tomorrow..etc
Future
Shall / will + have + Past Participle
Perfect Tense
Future By the end of this year,
Perfect In July next year..etc
Shall / will + have + been + verb + ing
Continuous
Tense
Examples:
Answers:
1. In the last meeting, the blueprint of the proposed holiday home ______ (show). 1. was shown
2. If the sun ________ (be) bright, the pictures would have come out well. 2. had been
3. She ________ (get up) at 5o clock every day. 3. gets up

4. Padma _______ (go) to temple every Thursday. 4. goes

5. If you work hard, you ______ (pass) 5. will pass

rpW kw;Wk; vspa Kiwfs;:

1. milg;Gf;Fwpf;Fs; Go vd;W te;jpUe;jhy; tpilahf ngUk;ghYk; Goes vd;W jhd; tUk;.

2. f;F Kd; (m) gpd; is, are te;jpUe;jhy; milg;Gf;Fwpf;Fs; cs;s thh;j;ijia mg;gbNa
(m) s Nrh;j;J vOj Ntz;Lk;.
3. f;F Kd; (m) gpd; was, were, Mfpait te;jpUe;jhy; milg;Gf;Fwpf;Fs; cs;s
thh;j;ijAld; ed Nrh;j;J vOj Ntz;Lk;. (meet-met, win-won, come-came, bring-brought, see-
saw, give-gave, teach-taught)
4. nfhLf;fg;gl;l Nfs;tpapy; Since te;jpUe;jhy; milg;Gf;Fwpf;Fs; cs;s thh;j;ijAld; has
been + ing Nrh;j;J vOjTk;.
5. f;F gpd; at te;jpUe;jhy; milg;Gf;Fwpf;Fs; cs;s thh;j;ijAld; s Nrh;j;J vOj
Ntz;Lk;.

14 www.Padasalai.Net
Question No. 28 & 29 Relative Pronouns {Use a relative pronoun} (1+1=2 Marks):
Relative Pronoun vd;gJ chp Rl;Lg;bgah;fs; vdg;gLk;. bgah;r;brhy; kw;Wk; gpujp
bgah;r;brhy;Yf;F gjpyhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk; brhw;fs; chp Rl;Lg;bgah;fs; MFk;. ,J xU
thf;fpaj;jpd; cl;gphpthf kw;Wk; ,U thf;fpa';fis ,izf;f gad;gLfpwJ.
People /
Things
Subjective Case Objective Case Possessive Case
WHO ahh; WHOM ahUf;F WHOSE ahUila
People
(The boy who rang the bell) (The boy whom you met) (The boy whose bike was stolen)
WHICH ve;j WHOSE ahUila
WHICH ve;j
Things
(The candle which you (The candle whose wick had
(The candle which melted)
made) snapped)
THAT me;j THAT me;j WHOSE ahUila
People
or
(The dog that bit the (The dog that the (The dog whose bark sounds like
Things
postman) postman hates) cough)
Place /
WHERE v';nf
Position
Time WHEN vg;bghGJ
Reason WHY Vd;
Examples:
1. This is the boy _______ won the race. {who}
2. This is the house ______ Prabakaran was born. {where}
3. Most of his friends ______ he invited came to his birthday. {whom}
4. The wrong deeds ______ we do are more often remembered than our good ones. {that}
Question No. 30 Phrasal Preposition {Use a suitable phrase/preposition} (1 Mark):
Phrasal Verb vd;gJ xU brhw;bwhlUld; Kd;dpilr;brhy; (Preposition) ,ize;J
bghUs; jUk; thf;fpak; MFk;. bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s nfs;tp thf;fpaj;ij KGikahfg;
g[hpe;J bfhz;lhy; kl;Lnk vspjhf tpilaspf;f Koa[k;.
Phrase Meaning Phrase Meaning
On account of Inspite of
Uj nghY
Due to Despite
In the event of On behalf of rhghf
fhuzdh
Owing to According to rhJ
By dint of Calls on brW rj
Because of By dint of gydhf
Instead of gyhf In search of njo
In favour of Mjuthf In case of xU ntis
By means of _y At the top of c
Apart from nkY By the side of gf
In front of v Fond of of Toa
In addition to TLjyhf In opposition to vuhf

15 www.Padasalai.Net
Examples:
1. The people did not leave their village _______ the heavy floods. {because of/ owing to}
2. They continued the match ______ the rain. {in spite of}
3. We reached there _______ the rain. {despite}
4. _______ his illness, he did not go to school. {due to}
5. You must not go _______ the advice of your parents. {in opposition to}
Question No. 31 Sentence Pattern (1 Mark):
Sentence Pattern vd;gJ thf;fpa mikg;g[fisf; fz;lwpa[k; KiwahFk;. nfs;tpapy;
bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s mikg;gpw;F xU thf;fpak; mikj;J vGj ntz;Lk;. fPnH fl;lj;jpy;
bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s 14 tif thf;fpa mikg;g[fis kdg;ghlk; bra;J bfhz;lhy; vspjhf
tpilaspf;fyhk;.
S.No Pattern Sentence
1 SV Birds fly
2 SVA Birds fly in the sky
3 SVC Birds fly well
4 SVCA Birds fly well in the sky
5 SVO I wrote a letter
6 SVOC I wrote a letter well
7 SVOA I wrote a letter yesterday
8 ASVO Yesterday I wrote a letter
9 SVIODO Prabu sent her a card
10 SVIODOA Prabu sent her a card yesterday
11 ASV Suddenly she smiled
12 ASVC Usually she is busy
13 ASVA Suddenly she smiled sweetly
14 ASVOC Yesterday we painted the room green
Examples:
1. Write a sentence pattern SVCA.
Ans : He got well soon.
Question No. 32 Kinds of Passive Voice (1 Mark):
Voice-y; Active Voice kw;Wk; Passive Voice vd ,U tiffs; cs;sJ. ,tw;wpy; Passive
Voice-I Personal Passive Voice kw;Wk; Impersonal Passive Voice vd ,U tiffshf gphpf;fyhk;.
nfs;tpapy; bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thf;fpak; vt;tif vd;gij mwpe;J vGj ntz;Lk;.

Kinds of Passive Voice

Personal Impersonal
Passive Voice
Passive Voice
(By)

16 www.Padasalai.Net
 rpW kw;Wk; vspa Kiwfs;:
1. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thf;fpaj;jpy; by te;jpUe;jhy; mij Personal Passive Voice vd
vLj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;.
2. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thf;fpaj;jpy; by ,y;iynad;why; mij Impersonal Passive Voice vd
vLj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;.
Examples:

The tiger was shot dead by James The tiger was kept in a cage

Question No. 33 Linkers {Use a suitable link word} (1 Mark):

Link Word (Linkers) vd;gJ xU ,izg;g[r;brhy; MFk;. ,J ,U thf;fpa';fis/ xU
thf;fpakhf ,izf;f gad;gLfpwJ. ehd;F tifahd ,izg;g[r;brhw;fs; cs;sd.
mit fPnH cs;s fl;lj;jpy; bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. bfhLf;fg;gl;l thh;j;ijfis
mh;j;jj;Jld; g[hpe;J bfhz;lhny ,f;nfs;tpf;F vspjhf gjpyspj;J tplyhk;.
S.No Linkers Words
1 Coordinating Linkers And, but, or, for, yet, still, so
2 Co relating linkers Both..and, not onlybut also, either..or, neither..nor
Also, Besides, Hence, Then, Thus, Otherwise, Likewise,
3 Sentence Linkers
However, Moreover
Although, Though, As, Because, If, Unless, Whether, While,
4 Subordinating Linkers When, Where, Before, After, Since, Till, so that, in order that,
even though

Important Link Words

S.No Linkers Meaning Usage
1 When vg;bghGJ fhy kW neuij FwJ.

2 If vd;why; tha gjidia btgLj cjwJ.

3 Since Kjy; tha eilbgW braYF fhuz fLof
4 As nghd;w cjwJ.
5 Although vd;whYk; xU Kjik kW xU Jiz thaij izf
6 Though vd;whYk; (vbu mj) cjwJ.

7 But Mdhy; U Kjik thafis izf (vbu mj)

8 Until tiu Fl fhy kW neuF K nrf cjwJ.

9 Or my;yJ
U Kjik thafSF eL (J myJ mJ)
10 Otherwise ,y;iybadpy;
Examples:
1. Man proposes ______ god disposes. {but}
2. _______ he was ill, he did not go to school. {as/since}

17 www.Padasalai.Net
II. B. Transform the following sentences as instructed: (5x2=10)

Question No. 34 Dialogue Reporting {Report the Dialogue} (2 Marks):

,f;nfs;tpapy; ,UtUf;F ,ilapyhd xU rpW ciuahly; bfhLf;fg;gl;oUf;Fk;.
bfhLf;fg;gl;l ciuahliy vjph;kiw thf;fpaj;jpy; mLj;jth; TWtJ nghy khw;wp
rpwpa gj;jp (Small Paragraph) totpy; vGj ntz;Lk;. Koe;j mst[ ,yf;fzg;gpiHfis
jtph;g;gJ KG kjpg;bgz;fs; fpilf;f tHp tFf;Fk;.
S.No Types of Sentences Meaning Keywords Starting word
xU nra;jp>
1 Statement Said, said to Told
rhjhuz thf;fpak;
Wh & Yes or No Questions
2 Interrogative tpdh thf;fpak; Asked, if, whether
(Can, could, will)
Action Words (Dont, Open, Ordered, Pleased,
3 Imperative fl;lis thf;fpak;
Let, Come, Closeetc) Requested
4 Exclamatory czh;r;rp thf;fpak; Alas!, Oh!, Hurrah! Ah! Exclaimed

gjpyspf;Fk; Kiw:
1. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ciuahly; vt;tif thf;fpak; vd;gij fz;lwpa Ntz;Lk;.
2. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Kjy; thf;fpaj;jpd; tifia fl;lj;jpy; cs;s Fwpg;G thh;j;ijfis
(Keywords) itj;Jk;> me;j thf;fpaj;jpy; cs;s ngaiu ,izj;Jk; xU gj;jp (5 my;yJ 6
thpfs;) msTf;F vOj Ntz;Lk;.

Question No. 35 Rephrasing the sentences using the starters were, had and

should. (2 Marks):
,f;nfs;tpapy; xU thf;fpak; bfhLf;fg;gl;oUf;Fk;. bfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpaj;jpd;
\d;whk; ,lj;jpy; had, should, were Mfpa thh;j;ijfspy; vJ bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;snjh/ mij
mt;thf;fpaj;jpd; Muk;gj;jpy; gad;gLj;jp vGj ntz;Lk;.
fPnH milg;g[f;Fwpf;Fs; Begin the sentence with-y; ve;j thh;j;ij bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ
vd;gij ghh;j;Jf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. mnj thh;j;ij nkny bfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpaj;jpy;
,Ue;jhy; mij vLj;J tpl ntz;Lk;.

If it had not rained we would have gone to the theatre.

(Begin the sentence with had)

Answer : Had it not rained we would have gone to the theatre.
Examples:
1. If you should need my help again, just give me a call. (Begin the sentence with should)
Answer:
Should you need my help again, just give me a call.

18 www.Padasalai.Net
Question No. 3638 Simple, Compound and Complex Sentence (2+2+2=6 Marks):
,f;nfs;tpfspy; Simple, Compound and Complex tif thf;fpa';fs;
bfhLf;fg;gl;oUf;Fk;. mtw;iw kw;w ,U tiffspy; khw;wp vGj ntz;Lk;. fPnH
fl;lj;jpy; bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thh;j;ijfis Key Words Mf vLj;Jf;bfhz;L kw;w ,U
Kiwfspy; khw;wyhk;.
Type Complex Simple Compound
When On + verb + ing And
I As soon as + verb Being And at once
No sooner than
Though Inspite of + verb + ing But,
II Although + verb Yet
Eventhough Still
As Being And so
III Since + verb On account of
Because Because of
If + verb In the event of + verb + ing And
IV
In case of
So..that..cannot Too...to And so
V
Could not
VI After + verb Having And then
Changing into a Simple Sentence:
1. When he saw the naughty boy, he became angry. (Complex)
Ans : On seeing the naughty boy, he became angry. (Simple)
Changing into a Complex Sentence:
1. Inspite of his poverty, he remained honest. (Simple)
Ans : Though he was poor, he remained honest. (Complex)
Changing into a Compound Sentence:
1. Though he was weak, he attended the function. (Complex)
Ans : He was weak but he attended the function. (Compound)

Section C Reading Competencies (15 Marks)

III.A.Identify the following sentences with the field in the list given below:(5x1=5)
Question No. 3943 Semantic Network (Clue Words) (5 Marks):
,jpy; Ie;J nfs;tpfs; nfl;fg;gl;oUf;Fk;. bfhLf;fg;gl;l Ie;J thf;fpa';fspy;
mt;thf;fpak; vijr; rhh;e;jJ/ ve;jg; gphpit/ vt;tifiar; rhh;e;jJ vd;gjw;fhd rpW
Fwpg;g[ thh;j;ij my;yJ brhy; bfhLf;fg;gl;oUf;Fk;. mjid mwpe;J bfhz;L
mf;nfs;tpf;F fPnH milg;g[f;Fwpf;Fs; bfhLf;fg;gl;l Ie;J thh;j;ijfspy; vtw;iwr;
rhh;e;jJ vd;gij bjhpe;J bfhz;L vLj;bjGj ntz;Lk;. vspjhf Ie;J kjpg;bgz;fs;
vLf;ff;Toa gFjp vd;gjhy; rw;W mjpf ftdk; brYj;jt[k;.
SENTENCE CLUE WORDS ANSWER
1. The ghat route on the hills has many hairpin bends. Hills, hairpin bends Travel
2. The Ozone layer protects us from the rays of the sun. Ozone layer, Sun Environment
3. The rhyme scheme of this poem is wonderful. Poem, Rhyme scheme Literature
4. ISRO has successfully launched Mangalyan to space. ISRO, Space, Mangalyan Space
5. Billiards and Squash are costly indoor games. Games, Billiards. Sports

19 www.Padasalai.Net
III. B. Read the passage & answer in your own words: (5x2=10)
Question No. 4448 Passage Comprehension (10 Marks):
,f;nfs;tpapy; xU gj;jp (Paragraph) bfhLf;fg;gl;oUf;Fk;. bfhLf;fg;gl;l
gj;jpapypUe;J Ie;J tpdhf;fs; nfl;fg;gLk;. nfl;fg;gl;l tpdhf;fisa[k/; nkny
bfhLf;fg;gl;l gj;jpapida[k; ed;whf goj;Jg; ghh;j;J g[hpe;J bfhz;L/ xg;gPL bra;J
ghh;j;J tpilaspf;f ntz;Lk;. vspjhf gj;J kjpg;bgz;fis vLf;ff; Toa gFjp
vd;gjhy; ,g;gFjpf;F rw;W mjpf ftdk; brYj;jpdhny nghJk;.
Read the following passage and answer in your own words the questions given below:
A glacier is a river of ice which travels slowly from the summit of a mountain to the valley below. It
is formed when masses of snow are frozen and pressed together. For a glacier to form, snowfall during
winter must exceed the melting of snow during the summer. Such conditions only prevail in the mountain
and Polar Regions. The great weight of a glacier causes it to move slowly downwards from the snowfield
where it is formed. The movement varies from a few centimeters to a few meters per day, depending on
the slope of the ground and presence of the obstructions. The movement is greater in the center and
along the surface of the glacier than at the sides and the bottom. In some regions, the glacier eventually
reaches the sea. Large chunks of it break off and fall into sea with a thundering roar. These chunks of ice
float away as icebergs. At its source, a glacier is broad and thick; but as it moves down the mountain, its
temperature rises. As a result, more snow and ice melt and the glacier gradually decrease the size.
Questions:
1. What is a Glacier?
A glacier is a river of ice.
2. Where are the glaciers found?
Glaciers are found in the snowfields of mountains and polar regions.
3. How are the icebergs formed?
Large chunks of glaciers break off and fall into the sea with a thundering roar. These
chunks of ice float away as icebergs.
4. Mention the factors that cause the variations in the movement of the glaciers.
The variations in the movement of the glaciers are dependent on the slope of the
ground and the presence of obstructions. The movement is greater at the centre and the
surface than at the sides and the bottom.
5. Why does glacier decreases in size?
As the glacier moves down more snow and ice melt. So the glacier decreases in size.

Section D Writing Competencies Prose (15 Marks)

IV.A. Answer any one of the following questions in a paragraph: (1x5=5)
Question No. 4951 Paragraph Questions (5 Marks):
Paragraph-Ig; bghWj;jtiu Kjy; \d;W ghl';fspy; cs;s midj;J gj;jp
(Paragraph) nfs;tpfis bjspthf goj;Jf; bfhs;st[k;. bgUk;ghYk; ,f;nfs;tpapy; Kjy;
\d;W ghl';fspy; ,Ue;J VjhtJ xU nfs;tp nfl;fg;gLk;. vdnt mitfis kl;Lk;
bjspthf g[hpe;J itj;Jf; bfhz;L gog;gJ KG kjpg;bgz; fpilf;f tHptFf;Fk;.
IV.B. Write an essay in about 250 words on any one of the following: (1x10=10)
Question No. 5254 Essay Type Questions (10 Marks):
Essay-Ig; bghWj;jtiu Kjy; \d;W ghl';fspy; cs;s fl;Liu tif (Essay)
nfs;tpfis bjspthf goj;Jf; bfhs;st[k;. bgUk;ghYk; ,f;nfs;tpapy; Kjy; \d;W
ghl';fspy; ,Ue;J VjhtJ xU nfs;tp nfl;fg;gLk;. vdnt mitfis kl;Lk; bjspthf
g[hpe;J itj;Jf; bfhz;L gog;gJ KG kjpg;bgz; fpilf;f tHptFf;Fk;.

20 www.Padasalai.Net
 Section E Literary Competencies Poetry (20 Marks)
V.A. Read the poetic lines and answer the questions given below: (6x1=6)
Question No. 5560 Poetic Comprehension (6 Marks):
g[j;jfj;;jpy; cs;s midj;J ghly;fspypUe;Jk; nfs;tpfs; nfl;fg;gl;oUf;Fk;.
vdnt ghliy (Poem) ed;whf goj;J itj;Jf; bfhs;tJ ey;yJ. ghliy (Poem) gof;Fk;
nghJ mjpy; cs;stw;iw bjspthf goj;J itj;Jf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;.
A Psalm of Life: Womens Rights:
1) What do you mean by mournful 1) What is meant by inane abstraction?
numbers? A state of noticing what is happening
Mournful numbers means sad songs. around.
2) What journey is talked about here? 2) Explain sleep our life away.
The journey of life is talked about Wasting ones life simply.
here. 3) What is meant by the cherished circle?
3) What are beating like muffled dreams? The circle of friends, relatives and well-
The hearts of humans. wishers.
4) What is meant by bivouac? 4) How do women want to live?
Bivouac means temporary stay of a Women want to live a quiet and
person in this world. peaceful life.
5) What is meant by strife? 5) Where do women claim to live?
Strife means striving. Women claim to live in their houses.
6) When should we act? 6) What is the picture referred to here?
We should act immediately. Imagination of the duties of woman.
A Noiseless, Patient Spider: English Words:
1) Where was the spider? 1) What does the poet mean by leech
The spider was on a little promontory. craft?
2) What is the filament? Ancient treatment to suck the impure
Filament is the thin, thread like blood using leeches.
cobweb produced by the spider. 2) Which are the thorns in our flesh?
3) What is the spider ceaselessly doing? Native tongues were the thorns in our
The spider is ceaselessly musing, flesh.
venturing and throwing the thread. 3) What do winged seeds refer to?
4) What does the gossamer thread stand Winged seeds refer to English words.
for? 4) Give the meaning of the word Cluster.
It stands for hope. Cluster means Group.
5) What does you refer to?
You refer to English words.
Snake: The Man he killed:
1) Who is referred to as someone & he? 1) Why did the narrator shot the other?
The Gold Yellow Snake. The narrator shot the other because he
2) What & where is Etna? was foe.
Etna is an active volcano & it is in 2) What do you mean by foe?
Sicily. Foe mean by enemy.
3) What is meant by voice of education? 3) Who were staring face to face?
Knowledge about the snakes. The poet & his friend were staring face to
4) What is the snake compared to? face.
The snake is compared to a guest. 4) Who is the speaker what is infantry?
5) Who must be killed? The soldier is the speaker and the group
Snake must be killed. of military soldiers is an infantry.
6) Who was afraid? 5) What do you mean by list here?
The poet, D.H.Lawrence was afraid. I mean joining the army by list.

21 www.Padasalai.Net
V.B. Read the poetic lines and answers the questions given below: (3x1=3)
Question No. 6163 Poetic Devices (3 Marks):
g[j;jfj;jpy; cs;s ghly; thpfspy; cs;s ,yf;fpa ea';fis mwpe;J vLj;J vGj
ntz;Lk;. ,yf;fpa ea';fshd Simile, Metaphor, Personification, Alliteration nghd;witfisg;
g[hpe;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. mjw;fhd tpsf;f';fs; kw;Wk; mit fz;lwpa[k; Kiw fPnH
bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Some Important Poetic Devices
1. Simile:
Simile vd;gJ ,uz;L khWgl;l nghUl;fis Neubahf xg;gpLtJ. ,jpy; xg;gplg; gad;gLk;
thh;j;ijfs; like kw;Wk; as MFk;. Nghd;w (like) vd;w thh;j;ijAld; xg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;.
Ex: 1) Still, like muffled dreams, are beating
2) Like a king in exile.
2.Metaphor:
Metaphor vd;gJ ,uz;L khWgl;l nghUl;fis kiwKfkhf xg;gpLtJ. Mdhy; mit
,uz;bw;Fk; ,ilNa VNjDk; xU xw;Wik ,Uf;Fk;. Nghd;w (like) vd;w thh;j;ij ,y;yhkNy
xg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;.
Ex: 1) O winged seeds! You crossed the furrowed seas
To nestle in the warm and silent earth.
3.Personification:
Personification vd;gJ kdpjg; gz;Gfis capuw;w nghUl;fs; kPJ Vw;wpr; nrhy;tJ MFk;.
Ex: 1) A noiseless patient spider;
2) Art is long and time is fleeting.
4.Alliteration:
Alliteration vd;gJ nka;nahypapy; njhlq;Ffpd;w thh;j;ijfs; xNu thpapy; tUtJ MFk;.
Ex: 1) Tell me not, in mournful numbers,
2) And staring face to face,
5.Rhyming Words:
Rhyming words vd;gJ nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ghly; thpfis cw;WNehf;fp mjd; thpapy; cs;s
filrp thh;j;ijfs; kw;Wk; mt;thh;j;ijfspd; xNu khjphpahd cr;rhpg;G Mfpatw;iwf; nfhz;L
fz;Lgpbj;J vOj Ntz;Lk;.
Ex: Tell me not, in mournful numbers,
Life is but an empty dream!
For the soul is dead that slumbers,
And things are not what they seem.
6.Rhyme Scheme:
Rhyme scheme vd;gJ nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ghlypd; xt;nthU thpapYk; ,Wjpahf tUk;
thh;j;ijfSs; xNu xypapy; xypf;Fk; thh;j;ijfisf; fz;lwpe;J me;j thh;j;ijfSf;F fPo;f;fhZk;
tifapy; vLj;J vOj Ntz;Lk;.
Ex: Had he and I but met a
By some old ancient inn b
We should have sat us down to wet a
Right many a nipperkin b
Poetic Devices in the Poems
1.A Psalm of Life:
1) Life is but an empty dream Metaphor
2) Dust thou art, to dust returnest Allusion (The Holy Bible Genesis 3:19)
3) Art is long, and time is fleeting Personification
4) Still, like muffled drums, are beating Simile
5) In the worlds broad field of battle Metaphor
6) in the bivouac of life Metaphor
7) Let the dead past bury its dead Personification (Biblical allusion St. Mathew 8:22)
8) Footprints on the sands of time Metaphor
2.Womens Rights:
1) To sleep por life away, Metaphor
2) As humble plants by country hedgerows growing Simile

22 www.Padasalai.Net
 3. A Noiseless, Patient Spider:
1) Surrounded, detached, in measureless oceans of space Metaphor
2) it launched forth filament, filament, filament, out of itself Repetition
3) Till the gossamer thread you fling catch Metaphor
4) O my soul Apostrophe
4. English Words:
1) Speech that came like leech craft
2) Like a golden swarm of fireflies you came Simile
3) That hung like clustered stars
4) O winging words. Like homing bees you borrow
5) You bleached our souls soiled with impurities
6) O tongues of fire! You came devouring Metaphor
7) You were the dawn, and sunlight filled the spaces
8) To nestle in the warm and silent earth
9) In the beginning was the word, And the Word was God Biblical Allusion (John 1:1)
5. Snake:
1) And, I like a second comer, waiting
2) he lifted his head from his drinking as cattle do
3) And looked at me vaguely, as drinking cattle do.
4) How glad I was he had come like a guest in quiet,
5) And lifted his head, dreamily, as one who has drunken, Simile
6) And flickered his tongue like a forked night on the air, so black,
7) And looked around like a god, unseeing, into the air
8) Writhed like lightning, and was gone
9) For he seemed to me again like a king.
10) Like a king in exile
11) The voice of my education said to me Personification
12) And voices in me said, If you were a man Personification
13) On the day of Sicilian July, with Etna smoking. Historical Reference
14) and as he put his head, dreamily, as one who has drunken Anaphora
15) And so, I missed my chance with one of the lords of life Metaphor
6.The Man he killed:
1) Was out of work - had sold his traps Hyphens - Gap fillers
V. C. Explain any two of the following sets of lines with reference to the context: (2x3=6)
Question No. 6466 ERC (6 Marks):
g[j;jfj;;jpy; cs;s MW ghly;fspypUe;Jk; \d;W nfs;tpfs; nfl;fg;gl;oUf;Fk;.
mtw;wpy; ,uz;il ERC bra;J vGj ntz;Lk;. mtw;iw vg;go vGJtJ vd;gjw;fhd
tpsf;fk;/ ve;j ghlypypUe;J nfl;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gij vspjhf mwpe;J bfhs;tjw;fhf
Fwpg;g[ thh;j;ijfSk; fPnH cs;s fl;lj;jpy; bjspthff; bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

23 www.Padasalai.Net
 ERC
Order Expansion Method
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ghly; thpfs; ve;j ghlypypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ
R Reference
kw;Wk; vOjpa ftpQhpd; ngaiu vOj Ntz;Lk;.
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ghly; thpfisg; gw;wp xU my;yJ ,U thp
C Context
tpsf;fk; vOj Ntz;Lk;.
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ghly; thpfis KOikahf tpthpj;Jk;> tpsf;fpAk;
E Explanation
vOj Ntz;Lk;.
Example:
1. Tell me not, in mournful numbers,
Life is but an empty dream!
Reference : These lines are taken from the poem A Psalm of Life written by H.W.Longfellow.
Context : The poet says this while criticizing the pessimistic view of life.
Explanation : People mourn that life is an empty dream and man is born to die. The poet advises
the readers to accept failures and misfortunes as part and parcel of human life. Life
is a real and serious business.

V.D. Answer any one paragraph from the following questions: (1x5=5)
Question No. 6769 Poem Paragraph (5 Marks):
Poem Paragraph-Ig; bghWj;jtiu Kjy; \d;W ghly;fspy; cs;s midj;J gj;jp
(Paragraph) nfs;tpfis bjspthf goj;Jf; bfhs;st[k;. bgUk;ghYk; ,f;nfs;tpapy; Kjy;
\d;W ghly;fspy; ,Ue;J VjhtJ xU nfs;tp nfl;fg;gLk;. vdnt mitfis kl;Lk;
bjspthf g[hpe;J itj;Jf; bfhz;L gog;gJ KG kjpg;bgz; fpilf;f tHptFf;Fk;.

24 www.Padasalai.Net