Food science

Acid and Base Titration Lab Report

16 January 2017
Group members:
Parn, Nattha Pongplanchai
Oil, Ramita Chalearmchutidath
Wawa, Kanakarn Thaveepthavornwong
Pay, Viriya Unchaleevilawan
Introduction

Food science is the subject that associated with food, which included the study of physical,
biological and chemical composition of food. Acid is a substance with many hydrogen ions, such as
vinegar which frequently be added into food to make the taste good. Basic is the substance with many
hydroxide ions, such as baking soda. Acid is what makes the food sour while base makes the food bitter.
When you add the acid into the foods or flowers, it will change the color. The pH scale is used to show
how much acidic or basic the substance is. The pH ranking from 1 to 6 means the substance is acidic. The
pH of 7, it means that the substance is neutral. The pH ranking from 8 to 14 means the substance is basic.
Neutralization is the chemical reaction that occurs when the acidic or basic solution turn to pH of 7 and
the product will be water and salt. Titration is a method that neutralize acid or basic to find the
concentration of the unknown solution. According to TSI (2017), The concentration of a solution is the
proportion of the solute to solvent.. Titration measured the concentration of the solution by measuring
the amount of titrant (Bievre, 2010) that is used to change color of the solution.

In this experiment, 2 acidic solutions are provided in an Erlenmeyer flask and the basic solution is
given in the buret. Phenolphthalein is used the indicator that was mixed with acidic solutions in each flask
to determine which of 2 acidic samples were more acidic by telling the pH of each one. Sodium
hydroxide (NaOH) is used as a base that was dropped into the mixture of the acidic solutions. When the
basic solution got into the flask, the color of the solution changed to be pink. After it was swirled, pink
color was gone. Then, slowly add basic solution and swirl it continuously until its color was permanently
light pink where the pink color wont disappear after you swirling it. Alkaline solution which is sodium
hydroxide need to be dropped carefully because just only a single drop can change the solution from
being neutral immediately. Swirl the flask continuously until the color change throughout the entire
solution. If the color of the solution is clear, then it is an acidic solution. If the color of the solution is
pink, then it is a basic solution. When the solution colors turn to be light pink, it means pH scale was
reach approximately 7 already, which means the solution was completely neutralized.

The purpose of performing this experiment is to determine how much concentrated each flasks of
acidic solution is, and also knowing how the result of the reaction will be which crate the understanding
of how neutralization and titration work.

Material

1. 2 burets
2. Erlenmeyer Flasks
3. Phenolphthalein solution (indicator)
4. 2 rings strands with clamps holding the buret
5. Sodium hydroxide (bases)
6. Different concentration vinegars
7. Safety goggles, gloves and lab coat.

Method
 1. Put the safety goggles, gloves and lab coat on.
2. Pour the indicator to flask and pour the bases in the burets.
3. Let the bases drop into indicator slowly, then swirl it until the pink color disappear.
4. Do step 3 until the color turn light pink, and stay pink when you mix around.
5. Test the pH by the indicator strip.
6. Record the number on burets and pH on the data table.

Data table

Title: The amount of base that acidic solution required to be neutral, and pH scale of each solution after
the color is changed.

Sample Amount of base required Average pH scale

1 12.1 ml 9
1 12.08 ml
2 12.05 ml 9
1 14.1 ml 7.5
2 14.2 ml
2 14.3 ml 8

Observation

1. When we start to drop the base into the acid, the color changes into pink and disappear
quickly after we swirl the flask.
2. After we continue dropping the base, the pink color takes more time to be colorless.
3. In sample 1, with the average amount of base 12.075ml, we get the pure pink color and
the pH scale of 9.0.
4. In sample 2, with the average amount of base 14.2ml, the light pink color will not
disappear and get the pH scale of 7.5.

Discussion section

1. What was the function of the indicator in this experiment? How does it work?
In this experiment, we use phenolphthalein as an indicator.

ANSWER

We use Phenolphthalein as the indicator. According to Clark (2013), in acidic and neutral
solutions, the indicator is colorless, but in a basic solution, the color is a vibrant pink. The higher
the pH is, the stronger the pink color is. The neutral pH will be when the color is a very faint
pink. Put the flask with acid and indicator over a white piece of paper to ensure you can see the
color change.
 2. Which sample of vinegar was more concentrated? Explain your answer.

ANSWER

Sample 2 was more concentrated than sample 1, as we can see from the amount of base that
sample 2 used to be neutral was more than the amount that sample 1 used. As sample 2 need more
base than sample 1, sample 2 was more acidic, which means sample 2 was more concentrated.
Therefore, the more acidic in the solution, the more concentrate it is.

3. If a neutralization reaction produces salt and water, write the chemical equation for your
experiment, and the name of the salt produced (You may have to research this).

ANSWER

CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O

Acetic acid + Sodium chloride Sodium Acetate + water molecule

4. What are some functions of the salt produced from the titration?

ANSWER

Sodium acetate is used in various ways. It can be used in food industry to prevent food from
unwanted bacteria. Also, it is used in medical profession as a medicine to cure patients who is in
the condition of having low sodium in blood. Moreover, it is also used in the industry to remove
the rust on the metal (Susie, 2012).

5. The human body has a process for maintaining pH and regulating the amount of acid and base
present in the body. What is this process called and briefly explain some of its functions and how
it works.

ANSWER

There are various ways to regulate the amount of acid and base in the humans body, for example,
breathing and urine.
Our body regulate the amount of pH in respiratory system, respiration is a process that you
breathing, and bring carbon dioxide and oxygen in, or out, of your body. If you hold your breath,
blood pH will be more acidic, as there is too much carbon dioxide, and that will be catch by the
receptor in medulla part of your brain. Medulla will stimulate you to inhale. So, the amount of
oxygen in your blood will increase, and pH scale of your blood will be neutralized. Furthermore,
pH level in your blood is also controlled by the excretory system. If your blood is too acidic, it
will be filtrated by your kidney and excrete as urine (Santijitrungruang, 2014, p.101).

Conclusion

To sum up, the more amount of basic solution that is used, the more acidic in the solution, the more
concentrate the acidic solution is.
 Reference

Clark, J. (2013). ACID-BASE INDICATORS. Retrieved on January 18, 2017 from

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/acidbaseeqia/indicators.html

Susie. (2012). Industrial and Domestic Uses Of Sodium Acetate. Retrieved on January 20, 2017 from
https://susie438.wordpress.com/industrial-and-domestic-uses-of-sodium-acetate/

Santijitrungruang, P. (2014). Biology of Animals II. Bangkok, Thailand. Bio Beam Center. Page 101.

TSI. (2017). Solutions and Dissolving. Retrieved on January 23, 2017 from
http://www.ducksters.com/science/chemistry/solutions_and_dissolving.php

Bievre, P.D. (2010). Titration. Retrieved on January 23, 2017 from http://www.titrations.info/titration-
basic-terms

Work log

Title Introduction Materials Methods Data table Discussion Conclusio Reference

page + section n
observation
Parn Data table Question 3-5
Oil Question 1-2
Wawa Observatio
n
Pay