SYNTHESIS OF

TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM PENTAIODIDE

Napolphat Amonpairoj 5861066

Phurit Chodpattarawanit 5861091

Chuthasita Thaebanpakul 5861026

Daranporn Tuntiwarasakul 5861029

Siriyakorn Wanarat 5861147

ADVANCED CHEMISTRY (1101)



As we know, in our planet has many elements that were found by scientists and
there might be many of them that human never knows before. The element is the
substance that completely made from only one atom which cant be broken down or
separated. It characterized by its atomic number. Presently, there are 118 elements that
have been found and proofed by scientists. When different elements combine together,
they become compound and when atoms are broken or created to form new molecules
is called chemical reaction. The chemical reaction will take place when the reactants
collide each other and we call the result of the reaction as a product. We can classify
chemical reaction into 6 smaller groups. There are combustion reaction, synthesis
reaction, decomposition reaction, single displacement reaction, double displacement
reaction, and acid-base reaction. In order to know how much the product will be formed
from the reactant or how much reactant we have to use in order to make this amount
of product. We have to determine the limiting reagent which is the substance that is
absolutely consumed when the chemical reaction is complete and the reaction cant
continue without the limiting reagent. We also have to compare the ratio between the
reactant and product so, we can know the amount of substance that we have to use
or we will get. Next, we can determine the mole of by measuring the amount of product
that crystallized. In the solution, when the solute and solvent mixed together with heated,
all of the solutes would dissolve. Because of the water molecules move farther apart so,
the solid substance can dissolve well. So, when it cools down, the solute will form as the
crystal at the base of the beaker. So, we can filtrate those crystals and measure in
order to find the mole of the product.

Crystallization is the technique that we use for separating the solid substance
from the liquid solution. The process of producing crystal has 2 major events which are
nucleation and crystal growth. Both of these events are driven by the changing of
temperature and chemical properties. Nucleation is a rearrangement of ion, atom, and
the molecule of the reactant and it will form a crystal. After that, crystal growth event
will happen which is the major stage of forming a crystal that the new atoms, ions, or
polymer strings are added to the reactant and make the reactance has the
characteristic and arrangement like crystal.
 Another substance that we use in this experiment is Hexane, the organic
compound which is hydrophobic or doesnt like water because it is a non-polar
molecule. It made of carbon and hydrogen or we can call it hydrocarbon. It often
used as cleaners and used for extracting oils from vegetables. So, we will use it for
separating the solution and crystal out of each other.

In the experiment, the substances that we use as the reactant are

Tetramethylammonium, most generally found in simple salts and Iodine, the element in
the halogen group. Halogen means salt former. The compound that contains halogen
is called salt. There are 7 valence electrons in the valence shell of the halogen
element. The synthesized product is Tetramethylammonium pentaiodide. Below are
the chemical structure and the equation of this chemical reaction respectively.

The objective of our experiment is to calculate the amount of substance use

to complete this equation, find the limiting agent and calculate percent yield of this
equation from the product that we get.
 In this experiment, our group has the purpose of finding
the ratio of reagent that is needed and product that is
produced by chemical reaction. We wanted to know that if we
have 0.5 gram of tetramethylammonium iodide and 1.3 grams of
iodine, then how many of the product we will have in the crystal
form. We know the limiting reagent by calculating mol of each
reagent that are given. We have tetramethylammonium iodide
to be the limiting reagent which has 2.487*10^-3 mol. Then, we
compare the mol of tetramethylammonium iodide in the equation
to find the ratio of between tetramethylammonium iodide and
tetramethylammonium pentaiodide which is the product.
Therefore, we multiply the mol of the product by its molecular
mass which is 708.7 grams and we should get 1.763 grams of
product. Then, we found out that the amount of Iodine that
we added at first is more than necessary because only 1.262
grams of iodine needed in this reaction. So, there is 0.038 gram
of iodine left after the reaction complete in this experiment.
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www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/chemistry--of-life/chemical-bonds-and-
reactions/a/chemical-reactions-article

Hexane. (2016) Retrieved in November, 2016 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

compound/hexane#section=Top

Iodine. (2016). Retrieved in November, 2016 from http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/

minerals/iodine

Learn about:Crystallization. (2004). Retrieved in November, 2016 from http://

www.reciprocalnet.org/edumodules/crystallization/

Periodic table, main group elements. (2015). Retrieved in November, 2016 from
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/
Periodic_table,_main_group_elements
Solution Chemistry. (2016). Retrieved at 2016 from http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Ru-
Sp/Solution-Chemistry.html

Stoichiometry : Limiting Reactant. (2016). Retrieved in November, 2016 from

https://www.chem.tamu.edu/class/majors/tutorialnotefiles/limiting.htm

Tetramethylammonium. (2016) Retrieved in November, 2016 from https://

pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Tetramethylammonium