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A network is several computers, printers, and other devices that are connected together with cables or radio signals. This allows the
computers to talk with each other and share information and resources (usually files and printers). Networks vary in size; they can be
as small as two computers connected to each other by a cable, or they can span the entire globethe Internet is actually the worlds
largest network.
The collections of interconnected computer networks around the world make up the Internet. People connected to the network can
share resources and information. Computer programs can be used and accessed simultaneously.
Types of Network
Computer network can be categorized according to range, functional relationship and topology.
A. Computer Network According to Range.
1. Local Area Network (LAN) A network that connects computers in the same geographic area or within a local area,
such as, building, room, a home or a schools computer laboratory. Computers in this kind of network can be
interconnected through cables or wireless links.
2. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) MAN is larger network than LAN. It usually covers several offices, buildings or
schools, each with their own LAN but connected to each other in the same locality or place.
3. Wide Area Network (WAN) - A network that connects computers across a large geographic area using telephone lines or
satellites. The Internet is actually a huge Wide Area Network.
2. Linear Bus Topology Linear bus topology uses one long cable, referred to as backbone, to which computers and other
devices are attached. A terminator is placed at each end of the backbone to keep the signals from bouncing back and
being received again by the nodes in the network.
3. Ring Topology- It is consists of several computers joined together to form a circle. Data moves from one computer to the
next in one direction only. Any data or messages will pass through adjacent nodes until it reaches the target node.
4. Hybrid Topology- Hybrid topology is a combination of different types of topology used in a network system to adapt to
the different design of floors or rooms in a building.
Star Topology
Linear Bus Topology Ring Topology
Types of Internet Connections
NARROWBAND
Connectio Advantages Disadvantages
n Rate
Dial-up
It uses Modems(a
Not expensive
modulator/demodulator) that convert Slowest connections, you
the analog data transmitted over phone 24 kbps to Availability: able to get
cannot use the telephone for
lines into digital data that computers can 56 kbps internet service almost
the Internet and phone calls
anywhere in the country
read (demodulation) and also convert for the same time.
Simplicity
digital data into analog data so it can be
transmitted (modulation)
Better than dial-up
Widely available in most metro
ISDN connections are
Integrated Services Digital Network areas
considered still more or less
(ISDN) Still a valid option, especially
outdated.
uses fully digital signals over copper those who are too far away from Not dramatically faster than
phone wire, a standard telephone line. 128 kbps the telephone companys
analog service
This means there is no conversion from Central Office to qualify for DSL
The access charge is usually
digital to analog and back again in the service
per-minute.
manner that an analog modem works. Able to talk on the telephone
Not available everywhere
and surf the web simultaneously
Always on connection
BROADBAND
Cable connections
another broadband option which takes
advantage of another setup found in
Very fast and reliable connection
homes-cable TV. A cable modem uses 1.5 Mbps Not available in all areas
with fixed monthly fee.
the cable TV providers hybrid Fiber/Co- up to 7.5 Variability of speed
Always on connection
ax infrastructure as a shared data Mbps Upstream speed limited
High speed
network. All of the devices connected to
the neighborhood co-ax network talk
and listen to each other.
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
Broadband
also known as xDSL (a generic name),
is another broadband service that many Excellent Internet connection.
telephone companies and other DSL allows you to use telephone
providers offer to consumers. It is normally while connected to the
Not available everywhere
composed of several subcategories, the Internet.
due to the signal limitations
most common being ADSL (Asymmetric 512 Kbps to Always on connection
based on the distance.
Digital Subscriber Line), SDSL 20 Mbps Also able to use dial-up
DSL connections is much
(Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line), and connections
costlier tan dial-up.
HDSL (High-data-rate Digital Subscriber High speed
Line). ADSL technology is a transport Promise of affordability
that allows faster flow of information Uses existing lines
downstream than upstream, while SDLS
supports one speed regardless of
upstream or downstream flow.
DLL allows you to upload and DLL is much more expensive
Dedicated Leased Line [T-carrier
download large files quickly. than cable and DSL
Level (T1)]
High speed connection that is connections.
A leased line is a telephone line that is 1,544,000
directly from ISPs network. Available mostly in United
rented directly form the telephone bps
Available virtually everywhere in States, Canada and Japan.
company, and sometimes is referred to
the regional serving area Too expensive to the
as direct connections to the Internet.
Always on connection individual and small business
Wireless Connections 256 Kbps to Anyone with WiFi ready gadgets You have to stay within a
as much as and devices can be connected WiFi Hotzone.
10+ Mbps to the Internet anywhere in the Sensitive to the heavy rainy
world without any cords or wires day
for as long as you are in a WiFi
hotzone.
Available virtually everywhere in
the regional serving area
Always on connection
http://www.google.com/programs/index.html
Google Chrome Microsoft Edge Mozilla Firefox Opera Safari Internet Explorer
SEARCH ENGINE
DEFINITION A software program designed to search the internet for information. The search results are generally presented in a list
of results and are often called hits. The information may consist of web pages, images, information and other types of files.