BIBLICAL HEBREW SUMMARY SHEET

NOUNS WITH PRONOM. SUFF. OBJ. SUFF. PERSONAL PRONOUNS INTERROGATIVES NUMBERS
sg n. pl n. sg pl h] ? m. abs. f. abs.
3ms A wy ' w Wh aWh ~he ymi who? dx'a, tx;a;
3fs H' h'y , h' ayhi hN'he -hm' what? ~yin;v. ~yiT;v.
2ms ^. ^y , ^ hT'a; ~T,a; %yae how? vlov' hv'lov.
2fs %e %y ; % T.a; !T,a; hYea; where? [B;r.a; h['B'r.a;
1cs yi y; yni ykinoa' Wnxn;a] vmex' hV'mix]
3mp ~' ~h,y e ~ vve hV'vi
3fp !' !h,y ! PARTICIPLES [b;v, h['b.vi
2mp ~k, . ~k,y e ~k, ms - mp ~y i hn,mov. hn'mov.
2fp !ke . !k,y e - fs t, fp tA [v;Te h['v.Ti
1cp Wn e Wny e Wn rf,[, hr'f'[]
VERB SYSTEM undersubject VOWELS IMPERATIVE
subject -- Passive Caus./Act. A I O/U ms - mp W
Active qal piel hiphil h' ye yi W fs yi fp hn"
Passive niphal pual hophal long ' e i o wO
Reflexive niphal hithpael hiphil short ; , u '
WITH THE PREFIX OF IMPERFECT, PRETERITE, JUSSIVE OR COHORTATIVE WITH THE PREFIX m OF THE PARTICIPLE
I + dagesh + A class = Niphal A/I = Hiphil
I + any other vowel = Qal U = Hophal
A + I class (full) = Hiphil ind = Piel, Pual, Polel, Polal
A + any other vowel = Qal th = Hithpael, Hithpolel
U = Hophal
ind + A class + dagesh = Piel WITH THE PREFIX h
ind + U class + dagesh = Pual I + dagesh + A class = Niphal impv/inf
-th = Hithpael, Hithpolel I + shewa + I class = Hiphil perf
A = Hiphil impv/inf
WITH NO PREFIX, BUT ALL 3 ROOT LETTERS U = Hophal perfect or infinitive
" + . A = Qal act. part. ind = Hiphil perf (with vowel reduction)
" + W = Qal pass. part.
" + A = Qal inf. abs WITH THE PREFIX n OF THE NIPHAL
" + any other vowel = Qal perfect n + A in the ultima = Niphal inf. abs.
A + dagesh in 2nd rad. = Piel impv/inf n + ' in the ultima = Niphal participle
A + without dagesh = Qal impv (with W y i), Piel impv. n + ; . in the ultima = Niphal perf.
I + dagesh in 2nd rad. = Piel perf.
I + suffixes = Qal impv. WITH NO PREFIX, ONLY 2 ROOT LETTERS
U + o = Pual inf. abs. A = Qal perfect, participle or imperative
U + silent shewa and suffix = Qal impv./ inf. cons. I = Qal imperative, inf. cons.
U + any other vowels = Pual perfect U = Qal imperative, infinitive
ind (due to propretonic reduct) = Qal perf., impv., pass. part. ind + suffixes = Qal imperative
ind (not due to propretonic reduct) = Qal impv, inf. cons. , = Qal inf. cons.

SC (perfective) - completed action / past (represented as a whole)

PC (non-perfective) - future / not specified as to perfectivity
Waw Rel. ( w:) - represents a situation according to the perfective and relative to a preceding statement

2005 Mark D. Wessner www.wessner.ca