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IS 2720-7 (1980): Methods of test for soils, Part 7:

Determination of water content-dry density relation using
light compaction [CED 43: Soil and Foundation Engineering]

! $ ' +-
Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
Invent a New India Using Knowledge

! > 0 B


BharthariNtiatakam
Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen
 IS : 2720 (Part VII-1980
(Reaffirmed 2011)

Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS
PART VII DETERMINATION OF WATER CONTENT-DRY
DENSITY RELATION USING LIGHT COMPACTION

( Second Revision)
Fifth Reprint AUGUST 1997

UDC 624.131.378

Copyright 1980
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

Gr 3 December 1980
 II. 2120 ( hit W ) 1_

Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS
PART VII DETERMINATION OF WATER CONTENT.DRY
DENSlTY RELATION USING LIGHT COMPACTION

( Second Revision)
Soil Engineering and Rock Mechanics Sectional Committee, BDC 23

ClMinna RtIW"IIIlin,
Da JDte. NaAlB UDiver.ity of Roorke., Roorkee

AI,.."
ADDI'IIO.&L DlallCrl'oa, IRI
IrrilatioD DepartmeDt, GoverDmellt or Bihar,
Patn.
AD~rrlo.tI.L Dta.OTOB bl&ABOB Ministry or aailway.
( r. E. ), RDSa
DDV'rW' DCTOR Ru~o.
( SOIL Maos ), IlDSO ( AlImtiJI, )
Pao. AI.JI ~11CQB Univenity of Jodh~ur,Jodhpur
CoL AY'rAB :)11'"08 Enlineer-in-Chjef I B-.nch, Army Headquart~.
L'l'-CoL V. K. K.\!frTKAa ( AI,,,,..,,)
D. A. BAJlaRJ.. Cemindia Co Ltd, Bombay
5. .1 S. GvrrA (
Da R.It. B D~I
Al'""" ) Central Bulldiaa R,arl'.h IDltitute, Roark
c.~ bOI1f. . . ( B&R ) Irrigation Department, GoverumeDt or PUDJab.
Chandilarb
Da G. S. DbilJOD ( AI,.,,..,, )
Sa.. M. G. D.-DAV.T. The Concrete AaeociatioD of ladia, Bomba,
5 N. C. OuGGUL ( AI,.,.." )
8. .1 A. Q. DUTmAa In perlon.' c.p.ci~y (5 H~,"f.,4 c.rt. 12/1
8""",/.,d S" ... 0aleuI,. 700011 )
Da G. S. DBJLI.OK JDdian Geotechnical Society, New I)elbl
Dm.crroa. IRI Irri,atioD Departmeo.c, Government 01 Uttar
Pradesh, llOorkee

(~.,.,,2)

<i>
C0bril" 1980
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
nil publicatJOD II protected under 'he lui. c.f!1ril'" M (XIV 01 1957) aDd
nprocluctioD iD wbole or ill part by aD,
meau except with writteD permlllloD 01 the
publilber ,ball be deemed to be AD IDCrlnlem~:nt of copyript uDd. tbe laid Act.
IS I 2720 ( Part VB ) 1180
( c.",;".", /,.", /J'JI' 1 )
SaRI A. H. DIVANJI
SURI A, N. JAMOL. (
PRO' Go.PAL RAN1~lf
P'tOI' GOPAL RAN"'"
Da SHA9KI K. GULHATI
DR G. B. RAO ( Alt,rnca', )
SaRlO. P. M&LBOTBA
SR1\1 T. K. NATRAJAM
PaE81DENT ( 1MDA )
DI:~UTY SECRETARY ( AIIMDA
SHRI R. V. RANTH1DB:VA.N
DSPUTY DIRECTOR ( C~MRS
) ( AI(.,,,,,,, )
REsBAnoH O.rrlcBa ( B&RRL )
SIIRI K. R. SASBNA
SECRETRY
DE.OTY SECRETARY (AI'"." )
SlIat N. SIVAOURU
Snnr D. V. SIKJ[~ (AllmIiJ/,)
SaRI K. S. SBIl(IVA8Alf
SUBI SUNIL B.,,~y ( Al'maa!, )
SUPERINTENDING E!f 0 I Jf
( P&D )
EXECUTIV. ENOIK. . . ( SMRD ) (
SHRI H. C. V.BII~
SSRIH.K.GUBA (AUw-U)
Suat s. D. VIDY~a-r.l
DR B L. DBAWAX (
SII&I G. RAM'4!f,
Director (CJv Enll )
R,/I''''''''
Ali. Foundation. &. CoaltructioD (P ) Lcd,
Bombay
AII"u', )
Univenity 01 Roorkee. Roorlet.
InltitutiODor El1lineerl ( India ), Calcutta
Indian lastitute 01 TecbnololY, ~ew Delhi
Public Work. Department, Chandilarb Adminis-
tratioD, Chaadilub
Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi
All Jndia ]DltrumeDt Manufacturen &. Dealen
AuociatioD, Bombay
) ( AI"",." )
Central Water CommiuioD, New Delhi
Public Work. Department, Government of Punjab,
Chandi~.rh
Public Works Department, GovernmeDt of ADdbra
Pradesh. Hyderabad
Central Board of Irrigation &. Power, New Delhi
Road, WiDK. MiniJtry of ShippiDI a. Tran.port
National BuildiDp OraanlutloD, New Delhi
Public Work. Department, GovenuueDt of Tamil
Nadu. Mad~u
Al,""'" )
All India IDltrUment MaDuracturen It Dealerl
AIIociatioD, Bomba,
Public: Works ~artm.Dt. GoverameDt 01 Uttar
Pradlllb. Lucbow
AI'",.." )
Director GeDeral. lSI (~ AI..-)
.",.,
S... It. M. u..I'BVa
Deputy Dlrec- ( Q. EDII ), lSI
 AMENDMENT NO.1 OCTOBER 1982
TO
IS;2720(Part VII)-1980METHOOS OF TEST FOR SOILS
PART VII DETERMINATION OF WATER CONTENT-DRY
DENSITY RELATION USING LIGHT COMPACTioN

(Second Rev~8ion)

~l!.e!:.a!ion
. (Page 4, clause 3.1) - Substitute the. falioring
rorthe existing:

,'3.1 !i<>~ds - It she.l1 conform to IS :l0074";1982. I

Addenda
- ---
lPage 4, foot-note with.mark(;)] -.Add the
follOwing foot-note after the eXisting:

I Specification for compaction mould assembly for

.light and heavy compaction test for soils.'

. (BDC 23)

. Reprography Unit, lSI, New Delhi, India

-Q5tJ d AMENDMENT NO.2 JULY 1984
TO
'IS:2720(Part 7)-1980 METHODS OF 'TEST FOR SOIlS
PART 7 DETERMINATION ,OF WATER CONTENT-DRY
DENSITY RELATION USING LIGHT COMPACTION
(Second Revision)

Al1er.aii2."i
(Page 4,clause 0.2, Note) ~ Substitute 'IS:2720
(Part 8 )-198)l1' for 'IS: 2720(Part :VIII )-1974*'

(Page 4, [oct-nate lJith' 'm:zrk) - Substitute,

the folloWing for the existing:

"MethodS of test for ,soils: Part 8 Determination, '

of Water content-drY density relation using heavy ,
compaction (secrond revision).'

(fuge 5, clause J.7, line-l; clause 5.1.1, line 1)

Substitute '19 mm' for '20 mm'.

(Page 6, clause 5;1.4, line 2; clause 5.2(a),

Line 2) - Substitute '19 mm' for '20 mm'.

(Page 6, crlause 5.3, l.ine 2 and 3) - Substitute

"37.5 mm' for '40'mm at both places.
(fuge 7, Note 2, lines 2: and 4) - Substitute
'19 mm' f01' '20 mm' occurring at both places.

(Page 7, cZause 6.2, foiomuZa) .;. Substitute

thefolloving for the existing formula:

'y , .. 100
d y-
m
100 + lJ'
(jJlC23 )
Reprogrpahy Unit, lSI, New Delhi. India:;
 II I 2720 ( Part VII ). 1980

Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS
PART VII DETERMINATION 0' WATER CONTENT-DRY
DINSITY RELATION USIN. LIGHT COMPACTION

( Second Revision)
o. FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part VII) ( Second Revision) was adopted
by the Indian Standarda Institution on 31 October 1980, after the draft
finalized by the Soil and Rock Mechanic. Engineering Sectional Com-
mittee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council.
0.2 With a view to establishing uniform procedures for determination
of different characteristics of soils and also for facilitating comparative
Ituclieaor the results, the Indian Standard. Institution is bringing out
thi. Indian Standard methods of test for lOil. ( IS : 2720 ) which is being
published in parts, This part ( Part VII) (lint published in 1965 and
revised in 1974) deals with the method of telt for the determination of
water content-dry density relation of soil using light compaction (St,
Note below). The purpose of a laboratory compaction test is to deter-
mine the proper amount of mixing water to be used, when compacting
the soil in the field and the resulting degree of denseness which can be
expected from compaction at optimum moisture content. To accomplish
thil, a laboratory test which will give a degree of compaction comparable
to that obtained by the field method used i. neceuary. This procedure
is I.tisractory Cor' cohesive soil, but doa Dot lend itself well to the study
or
of the compaction characteristiCi clean sand. or gravels which displace
easily when struck with the ralQmer. Some nearly-cohelionlesa soils
compact aatiafactorily in tb~ Itandard teat although in many casea : e
water deDJ\ty curve is not weD defined. Frequently, too in these cases
indicated, maximum density is Dot u great u caD be achieved readily in
the field under available compaction methods. With a knowledge of the
water density relation .. determined by this telt. better control of the field
compaction or lOil fill is pouible because the optimum moisture content
and the density which mould be obtained are known by using this test
procedure and these can be checked by field control testa.

3
IS I 2720 ( Part VII) .1980

NOTE - The method of test based on heavy compaction is covered in IS : 2720

( Part VIII ).1974-.
0.2.1 This revision is prepared so as to cover such cases when 'Soil
could be susceptible to crushing during compaction.
0.3 In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with
this standard, jf the final value. observed or calculated. is to be rounded
off, it shall be done in accordance with IS : 2-1960t.

I. SCOPE
1.1 This standard ( Part VII) lays down the method for the determina-
tion of the relation between the water content and the dry density of
soils using light compaction. In this test a 26.kg rammer falling through
a height of 310 mm is used.

2. TERl.11NOLOGY
2.1 For the purpose of this standard. the definitions given in IS : 2809.
1972* shall apply.

3. APPARATUS
3.1 CyUadrlcal Metal Mould - It shall be in accordance with relevant
Indian ..itandards on specification of compaction mould.
3.2 S....ple E.truder ( Optloaal ) - It consists of a jack, lever frame
or other d... -~ .. .dopted for the purpose of extruding compacted speci-
mens from the mould.
3.3 Bal.ace. -- one, of capacity 10 kg sensitive to I g and other of
t,ap"eity 200 g sensitive to 001 g.
3.4 Ove. - thermostatically controlled with interior or non-corroding
material to maintain temperature between 1050 and 1100.
3.5 Coatu..er - any suitable non..corrodible airtight container to
determine the water content Cor telts conducted. in the laboratory.
3.6 Steel Stralgbt.dle - a steel straightedge about 30 em in length
and having one bevelled edge.
-Method. of teat for soils: Part VIII Determination or water content-dry density
relation uling heavy com~.ction (}ir,,",i ).
tRu).. (or roundinl off numerical valuel ( mUltl ).
~Glos':lry of term. and Iymboll relltlnl to loil ~Dlinlerinl (firl' ,lIIitioll ),

4
 18 2720 ( Part VII ) 1980

3.7 Sieve - -I-'S-rom and 20-mm IS sleves conforming to the require-

ments of IS : 460 ( Part I )-1978-.
3.8 Mldal Tool. - miscellaneous tools, such al tray or pan, spoon.
trowel and spatula. or a suitable mechanical device for thoroughly mixing
the sample of soil with additions of water.
3.9 MetaillaID.lIler - It shall conform to IS : 9198.1979f.

4. SOIL SPECIMEN
4.1 A representative portion of air dried soil material and large enough
to provide about 6 kg of material passing a' 20-mm IS sieve ( for soils
not susceptible to crushing during compaction), or about 15 kg of
material passing a 20-mm IS sieve (for soil. susceptible to crushing
during compaction ), shall be taken ( II' Note 1). This portion shall be
sieved on a 20-mm IS sieve and the coarse fraction rejected after itl pro-
portion of the total sample has been recorded.
NOT. 1 - The soil should be considered suseeptible to CNshiftl durlnl compac-
tion if the sample contains sranular material or loft nature, such a. lort limestone,
landatone, etc. which it reduced in size by the at:tion of the 2'6 kl rammer. The
procedure liven in 5.2 for loils susceptible to cruJhiol durio, compaction caD b.
applied to all loil. if it is convenient to do 10.
t.l.l Aggregations of particles shall be broken down 10 that it the
sample wal sieved on a 47S-mm IS sieve, only separated individual
particles would be retained.

5. PROCEDURE
5.1 Soli Dot Susceptible to Cru8hiaa Darlal CODlpacdoll (8
Note 1 ) -- The procedure is as follows.
5.1.1 A 5-kg sample of air dried soil passing the 20 mm IS test sieve
Ihall be taken ( se Note 2). The sample shall be mixed thoroughly with
a suitable amount of water depending on the soil type (s" Notes!
and 4 ).
5.1.2 The mould. with baseplate attached. Ihall be weighed to the
nearest 1 g ( ml ). The mould shall be placed on a solid bale. such a
concrete ftoor or plinth and the moist soil shall be compacted into
the mould, with the extension attached, in dlree layers or
approximately
equal mass, each layer being given 25 blows from the 2'6.kg rammer drop-
ped from a height of 310 mm above the soil. The blows shall be

-Specification for test .ievel: Pan I Wire cloth telt ,i.vel ( ",..ir,.,; ).
tSpeci6cation for compaction ramm.r for soil te.tins-
11,2720 (Part VD) .1_
diltributed uniformly over the Iurface or each layer. The operator shall
ensure that the tube of the rammer is -kept clear of soil 10 that the ram-
mer always falls freely. The amount of soil used IbaJI be fufBcient to fill
the mould, leaving not more than about 6 uun to be struck off when the
extenaion it removed ( .", Note ~). The extension .hall be removed and
the compacted scil shall be levelled off carefully to the top of the mould
by means of the straightedge. The mould and .oil Ihall then be weighed
to 11 ( ml ).
5.1.1 The compacted soil specimen lhall be removed from the mould
aDd placed OD the mixing tray. The water content of a representative
.ample of the specimen shall be determined al in IS: 2720 (Part 11 )-
1975-.
5.1.4 The remainder of the sell speeimen .haJl be broken up, rubbed
through the 20-mm IS test sieve, and then mixed with the remainder of
the original sample, Suitable increment. of water ( II' Note 6 ) Ihall be
added luccesaively and mixed into the .ample, and the above procedure
from operations 5.1.2 to 5.1.4 .hall be repeated for each increment
of water added. The total number of determinations made .hall be
at least &ve. and the range of moisture contentl Ihould be such that the
optimum moisture content, at which the maximum dry density occurs, i.
within that range.
5.2 SoD Sc:epdble to era.ldal DIIIi_1 ColDpactioa ( II. Note 1 )-
The procedure is al follows:
a) Five or more 25.kg samplee or air dried .oil passing the
20-mm IS test sieve, shall be taken (I" Note 2 ). The samples
shall each be mixed thoroughly with dift'erent amounts of water
to give a suitable range of moisture contents (I" Notes 3 and 4).
The range of moisture content, at which the maximum dry
deDlity occun. i. within that range ( I" Note 6). .
b) Each aample .h.ll be treated u in 5.1.2.
c) Each compacted lpecimen Iball be treated as in 5.1.3.
d) The remainder of each loillpedmeD .hall be discarded.
5.3 eolDpaetloala I..aIw..Slae Moalcl -- For compactins .oil coDtaining
coarse material up to 40 mm lize. the 2 250 ml mould .hould be used, A
aample weighing about 6 kl and palliD, the 4O-mm IS .ieve i. used for
th. test. Soil i. compacted in three layerlt each layer being given
55 bJOWI of the 26.kg rammer. The relt of the procedure i. the aame u
la 5.1 or 5.2 .

W.thocll 01 tat (or aoila J Part II Determilladoa or .at. coate.e (_U rlRnM ).
6
 18 I 2120 ( Part VII) 1980
NOT. 2 - The removal of.mall amounts of stone ( up to 5 percent) retained on
20-mm IS Sieve will affect the density obtainable only by amounts comparable
with the experimental error involved in measuring the maximum dry density.
The exclusion or a large proportion of stone coarse than 20 mm may have a major
effect on the density obtained compared with that obtainable with the soil as a
whole, and on the optimum moisture content. There is at present no generally
accepted method of test or of calculation for dealing with this difficulty in com-
paring laboratory compaction test reaults with densities obtained in the field. For
loils containing larger proportions of gravel, the use of a bigger mould ( 2 250 ml ;
will avoid major errors.
NOT. 3 -- The amount of water to be mixed with air dried loil at the com-
mencement of the test will vary with the type of soil under test. In general, with
sandy and gravelly soil. a moisture content of 4 percent to 6 percent would be
Iuitable, while with cohesive soiJ. a moisture content about 8 percent to )0 percent
below the plastic limit of the loil ( plastic limit minus 10 to plastic limit minul 8 )
usually be suitable.
NOTE 4 -- It i3 important that the water il mixed thoroughly and adequately
with the soil, since inadequate mixing gives rise to variable test results. This
i. particularly important with cohesive loiJa when adtiing a substantial quantity of
water to the air dried soil. With clays of high plasticity, or where hand mixing is
employed, it may be difficult to distribute the water uniformly through the air
dried loil by mixing alone, and it may be necessary to store the mixed sample in a
le.led container for a minimum period of about 16 hours before continuing with the
test.
NOT. 5 -- It is necessary to control the total volume of soil compacted, since it
ba.. been found that if the amount of soil struck off' after removing the extension is
too Ireat. the test results will be inaccurate.
NOT. 6 - The water added for each stage or tb. test should be such that a
range of moisture contents is obtained which includes the optimum moisture
In general, incrementa of 1 percent to 2 percent are suitable for sandy and gravelly
loils andor 2 percent tCt 4 percent for cohesive soils. To increase the accuracy of
the telt it il often advisable to reduce the incrementa of water in the region oi the
optimum moisture content.
6. CALCULATIONS
1.1 Balk Delty - Ym in glml, of each compacted specimen shall be
calculated from the equation:
ma- ml
YID- Y..
where
ml - mass in g of mould and base;
m. c= mass in g of mould, base and soil; and
Vm - volume in ml of mould.
1.2 The dry density, Yd in g/ml, shall be calculated from the equation:
100Y4
Y4" 100+';
where
w := moisture content of soil in percent.

7
r. I ~720 ( Part VB ) l'to

6.3 The dry densities, Yd obtained in a series of determinations shall be

plotted against the corresponding moisture contents w. A smooth curve
shall be drawn through the resulting points and the position of the
maximum on this curve shall be determined.

7. REPORTING OF RESULTS
7.1 The experimental points and the smooth curve drawn through them
showing the relationship between moisture content and dry density shall
be reported.
7.2 The dry density in g/ml corresponding to the maximum point on the
moisture content/dry density curve shall be reported as the maximum dry
density to the nearest 001.
7.3 The percentage moisture content corresponding to the maximum dry
density on the moisture content/dry density curve shall be reported as the
optimum moisture content and quoted to the nearest 0-2 for values below
5 percent to the nearest 05 for values from 5 percent to 10 percent. and
to the nearest whole' number for value exceeding 10 percent .( It'
Note 1 ).
7.'- The amount of stone retained on the 20mm IS Sieve shall be repor-
ted to the nearest 1 percent.
7.5 The method of obtaining the result shall be stated, (2 rammer 06-kg

method). The procedure used shall also be stated that is single sample
or separate sample and the size of the mould used,
NOT. 7 - For some highly permeable loila luch u cJean Ifavel., uniformly
Iraded and coarse clean land. the reaultl or
tbe laboratory compaction telt ( 26-k,
rammer method) may provide only a poor Iuide for specification. on field
eompaericn. The laboratory test orten indicate. bilber value. of optimum moisture
content thaD would be desirable (or fieJd compactioD aad the maximum dry densily
i.OrteD much lower thaD the Itate of compactloD tbat caD readily be obtained in
tb. fi.ld.

8
 IS, 2720 ( Part VII) 1980

( ColitillllMlft.. /MI' 2 )

Soil Testing Procedures and Equipment Subcommittee, BOC 23:3

CD"""" ~,
PROW ALAII SINOH University ofJodhpur, Jodhpur
~/nnbn,
SBar AIf.R SINOH Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee
D. .UTY DIRECTOR R.aBABCR MiDistry or Railway.
(FE-II), aoso
D2~UTY DJRZCTOB RBIBARCH
( SMIII ). RDSa ( Altmt4u )
DIBBCTCA ( CSMRS ) Central Water Commission. New Delhi
DEPlT'ry DIBKOToa ( CSMRS ) ( AltmaMI )
Paow o 0 ....x. RAM~.&lf University of Roorkee, Roorkee
Da S. C. HAlfD~ ( AI,,,,..,, )
n. SBAIRI K. GULBATI In'dian Institute of Techno!o8Y, New Delhi
S.81 H. K. GUBA Geologists Syndicate pvt Ltd, Calcutta
S.BI H. N. BB~TTAeBA.AY" (AllnftGl, )
SI O. P. MAL.oT.A. Public: Work. Department, Chandigarh Adminis-
tration
SI M. D. N~I. Associated IDltrumentl Manufacturer. ( I ) Pvt
Ltd, N.w Delhi
PRO. T. S. NAQ".~I ( AllmuJt, )
81 N. M. PATEL DeIhl College of Enlineerin~t Delhi
S&.I P. JAO"NATBA Ro Central Road Researcb Institute, New Delhi
CoL AVTAB SIMOII Engineer-in-Chlef', Branch, Army Headquarters
LT-CoL V. K. KAlIITKAB ( Allmtllt,)
SI S. D. VJDY.&BTBI Public Works Department, Government of Uttar
Pradeab, Lucknow
Da B. L. DB" \YAX ( Al''''''' )
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