Ingls 1 ESO

Present Simple and Present Continuous

Present Simple Affirmative: subject + vb. Infinitive (with s, 3 persona/singular) + rest

o I play football every day. He plays football every day.

P.S. Negative: subject + dont / doesnt (3 persona/singular) + vb. Infinitive + rest

o I dont eat fish. She doesnt eat fish.

P.S. Interrogative: Do / Does + subject + vb. Infinitive + rest?

o Do you sing well? Does he sing well?

Present Continuous: subject + vb. To be + vb. Acabado en ing + rest

o I am jumping. He is jumping. They are jumping

P.S. Negative: subject + vb. To be negative + vb. Acabado en ing + rest

o I am not wearing a coat. He is not/ isnt wearing a coat.

They are not / arent wearing a coat

P.S. Interrogative: vb. To be + subject + vb. Acabado en ing + rest?

o Are you cooking? Is he/she cooking?

USOS:

- Present Simple:
o Permanent states: I am English, He works in Valencia.
o Habits and routines: I drive to work every day. He likes blue shirts
o Permanent truths and facts: Water boils at 100C. The sun sets in the
west
- Present Continuous
o Actions happening at the moment of speaking: I am sitting in front of the
computer. The phone is ringing
o Actions happening around the moment of speaking: I am learning
French.
o Descriptions: She is wearing a dress. The traffic is making a lot of noise.
o Temporary situations: My brother is using the metro because his car is
being repaired.
 Exercise

- I cant go shopping now. I _________________ (work)

- Bob never _______________ (go out) during the week.
- Rhinos _________________ (live) in Africa, India and Indonesia
- We _________________ (go) to Manchester tomorrow
- He ______________ (swim) every day
- Right now I _________________ (listen) to music

There is / There are

We use there is for singular and there are for plural.

There is one table in the classroom.

There are three chairs in the classroom.

We also use There is with uncountable nouns:

There is milk in the fridge.

There is some sugar on the table

The negative is formed by putting not after is or are:

There is not a horse in the field.

There are not eight children in the school.

The contraction of there is is there's. But you cant contract there are

There's a good song on the radio.

There are nine cats on the roof.

To form a question we place is / are in front of there. We also use there is / are in short
answers.

Is there a dog in the supermarket? - No, there isn't.

Are there any dogs in the park? - Yes, there are.

Uncountable nouns

We cannot "count" them. For example, we cannot count "milk". We can count "bottles
of milk" or "litres of milk", but we cannot count "milk" itself. Here are some more
uncountable nouns:

music, art, love, happiness rice, sugar, butter, water

advice, information, news electricity, gas, power
furniture, luggage money, currency
We do not usually use the indefinite article a/an with uncountable nouns. We cannot
say "an information" or "a music". But we can say a "something" of:

a piece of news a bottle of water a grain of rice

We can use some and any with uncountable nouns:

I've got some money.

Have you got any rice?

We can use a little and much with uncountable nouns:

I've got a little money.

I haven't got much rice.

Exercise

Fill the gaps with a, an, any and some.

- We live in ________ small house by the sea

- Is there ___________ more juice?
- Dont we have ___________ milk?
- I have ___________ money in my piggy bank
- ____________ apple a day keeps the doctor away

Adverbs of frequency

The most common adverbs of frequency in English in order from most often to
least often:

o Always - He always does his homework.

o Usually - They usually complete the work on time.
o Often - I often watch movies online.
o Sometimes - Jack sometimes comes over for dinner.
o Occasionally - She occasionally asks a question.
o Rarely - They rarely have any homework.
o Never - I never complain at work.

Where do adverbs of frequency come in the sentence?

1. If the sentence has one verb in it (e.g. no auxiliary verb) we usually put the adverb
in the middle of the sentence, i.e. after the subject and before the verb:

- subject / adverb / verb / predicate

Tom usually goes to work by car. Mary often asks me for help.
2. The adverb usually comes after the verb "be":

- subject / verb / adverb / predicate

Tom is often late. Anne isn't usually sick.

3. If the sentence has more than one verb in it (e.g. auxiliary verb) we usually put the
adverb after the first part of the verb:

- subject / helping verb or modal / adverb / main verb / predicate

I can never remember his name. Anne doesn't usually smoke.

There is one exception: In sentences with "have to" the adverb is in position A:

- subject / adverb / have to / main verb / predicate

We often have to wait for the bus.

4. For emphasis we can put the adverb at the beginning or end of the sentence. At the
end is unusual - we usually only put it there when we have forgotten to put it in
earlier.

- adverb / subject / main verb / predicate

Sometimes we go to school by bus. Often he waits for her after class.

OR
- subject / main verb / predicate / adverb

We go to school by bus sometimes.

5. When using adverbs of frequency in the question form, put the adverb before the
main verb.

- auxiliary verb / subject / adverb / main verb / predicate

Do you often go to the cinema? Did he sometimes leave the classroom?

6. When using adverbs of frequency in the negative form, put the adverb before the
main verb.

- subject / helping verb / adverb / main verb / predicate

They don't often go to the cinema. She doesn't usually wait for an answer.
Questions

When ? Cuando Why? Por qu

Where? Dnde How? Cmo

Who? Quin What? Qu / cul

Particula Interrogativa + vb. Auxiliary + sujeto + vb. Infinitivo o ing ?

o When do you swim at the beach?

o Where are you playing video games?
o Why does he eat salad?
o How is she playing chess?

Who and What are formed:

o Who are you? Who is your father?

o What is your favourite colour?

Exercise

Make the questions for the answers

1. _______________________________________

She lives in Canada

2. _______________________________________

They have karate classes on Wednesdays

3. _______________________________________

Mr. Benitez is the manager of Liverpool

4. _________________________________

Im happy because Im on holiday

Comparative

Comparative adjectives are used to compare the differences between 2

nouns. Examples:
- The black dog is older, than the white dog.
- My house is bigger than my sister's house.
- The yellow hat is more expensive, than the green hat.
Rules for using comparative adjectives
1. "Than" is usually used after the comparative adjective. -er is added to the end of a
1-syllable adjective.

- cold - colder - The winter is colder than the summer.

- small - smaller - The green hat is smaller than the yellow hat.
- tall - taller - Most basketball players are taller than me.

2. Adjectives that have 2 syllables and end in - y, then change the -y to -i and add -er.

- early - earlier - I came home earlier than my sister.

- happy - happier - I am happier now than 1 year ago.

3. "more" or "less" is used for adjectives that have 2 syllables that do not end in -y.

- honest - more honest - Police officers are usually more honest than criminals.
- difficult - less difficult - The last test was less difficult than the test today.

4. "more" or "less" is used for adjectives that have 3 or more syllables.

- expensive - less expensive - My car is less expensive than my sister's car.

- comfortable - more comfortable - The sofa is more comfortable than the chair.

5. Adjectives that end in -e, only -r is added.

- nice - nicer - The beach is nicer than that park.

- safe - safer - Airplanes are safer than cars.

6. Adjective that end in with a consonant, vowel, consonant - the last consonant is
doubled.

- big - bigger - My house is bigger than my sisters house.

- hot - hotter - The summer is hotter than the winter.