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ABSTRACT
Cancer is a global epidemic that is still a mystery in the field of medicine. Phyllanthus
species is proven to have various medicinal and thereuptic properties. In this study we have
tried to explore the anti-cancer properties of Phyllanthusreticulates using MIT assay in -
vitro.colon cancer cell lines -HT 29 purchased from Pune was used for study.
Key words: Cancer, Phyllanthu, global epidemic, Anticancer
Cite this Article: C. Aarthi and Dr. P.B. Ramesh Babu, Anti-Cancer Activity of Phyllanthus
Reticulatus on Colon Cancer Cell Line. International Journal of Civil Engineering and
Technology, 8(1), 2017, pp. 943947.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=1
1. INTRODUCTION
Cancer is a global epidemic with approximately fourteen million new cases being diagnosed each
year, leading to an annual death toll of approximately eight million (Ferlay et al., 2015).
Herbs and plants derived medicines have a long history of use in the various treatments and now,
they still remain as important sources for the development of anticancer drugs. More than 3000 plants
species have been reported to be involved in the development of anticancer drugs (Shoeb, 2006). From
1940-2006, more that 40% of drugs in the market are anticancer agents and 65% of these anticancer
drugs mimic natural compounds.
Phyllanthus (EUPHORBIACEAE) is a small annual plant and is widely distributed throughout the
tropical and subtropical regions of the world (Lee et al., 1996).This genus consisting of more than 700
species. Phyllanthus has been employed as herbal drugs for a long time in China, India, Brazil, and
Southeast Asian countries. These plants have bitter and astringent taste and are considered as
stomachic, diuretic,febrifuge, deobstruent, antiseptic, and effective remedies for hepatopathy. In
India, fifteen species of genus Phyllanthus are widely used by indigenous medicine.
The extracts of these plants have been reported to have pharmacological effects such as antiviral
activity against hepatitis B and related hepatitis viruses,anti-bacterial activity, anti-hepatotoxic or
liver-protecting activity and hypoglycaemia properties (Etta, 2008).
The anticancer effects of the genus Phyllanthus has been reported in a few papers, for instance P.
amarus protects the liver from hepatocarcinogenesis and the root extract of P. acuminatus exerts
growth inhibition in murine P-388 lymphocytic leukaemia and B-16 melanoma cell lines (Pettit et al.,
1990; Powis & Moore, 1985). Reports on the anticancer activity of P.reticulatus are meagre. To throw
more light on this aspect the present study on the anticancer activity of P.reticulatus against colon
cancer cell line was planned and carried out.
2.2. In Vitro assay for Anticancer Activity (MTT assay) (Mosmann, 1983)
Cells (1 105/well) were plated in 24-well plates and incubated in 370C with 5% CO2 condition. After
the cell reaches the confluence, the various concentrations of the samples were added and incubated
for 24hrs. After incubation, the sample was removed from the well and washed with phosphate-
buffered saline (pH 7.4) or MEM without serum. 100l/well (5mg/ml) of 0.5% 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-
thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl--tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was added and incubated for 4 hours. After
incubation, 1ml of DMSO was added in all the wells .The absorbance at 570nm was measured with
UV- Spectrophotometer using DMSO as the blank. Measurements were performed and the
concentration required for a 50% inhibition (IC50) was determined graphically. The % cell viability
was calculated using the following formula:
% cell viability = A570 of treated cells / A570 of control cells 100
Graphs are plotted using the % of Cell Viability at Y-axis and concentration of the sample in X-
axis. Cell control and sample control is included in each assay to compare the full cell viability
assessments.
4. CONCLUSION
The anti-cancer effect study of Phyllanthus reticulates on colon cancer cell line-HT 29 using MIT
assay is found to be commendable. Aqueous extract of Phyllanthusreticulates shows 50% cell viability
at 15.6 milligram/ ml, whereas the ethanol extract shows 31.2 milligram/ ml. Further research on the
extracts might be useful in finding effective drugs in the treatment of cancer.
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