BASIC OSPF - Network Type

OSPF message addresses are determined by the type of network to which the OSPF interface is
connected. One of the following OSPF network types must be selected when configuring an
interface on an OSPF router.

Configuration
Broadcast A network that can connect more than two routers with a hardware broadcast
facility where a single packet sent by a router is received by all routers attached to that network.
Ethernet, Token Ring, and FDDI are broadcast networks. OSPF messages sent on broadcast
networks use IP multicast addresses.

Point-to-Point A network that can connect only two routers. Leased-line WAN links such as
Dataphone Digital Service (DDS) and T-Carrier are point-to-point networks. OSPF messages
sent on point-to-point networks use IP multicast addresses.

Non-Broadcast Multiple Access A network that can connect more than two routers but has no
hardware broadcast facility. X.25, Frame Relay, and ATM are Non-Broadcast Multiple Access
(NBMA) networks. Because multicasted OSPF messages do not reach all the OSPF routers on
the network, OSPF must be configured to unicast to the IP addresses of the routers on the NBMA
network.

Point-to-Multipoint OSPF treats Point-to-Multipoint networks as a collection of point-to-

point links. A DR/BDR is not required in these networks as OSPF Packets are unicast to known
neighbors.

By adjusting the hello/dead timers you can make non-compatible OSPF network types appear as
neighbors via the show ip ospf neighbor but they wont become adjacent with each other.
OSPF network types that use a DR (broadcast and non-broadcast) can neighbor with each other
and function properly. Likewise OSPF network types (point-to-point and point-to-multipoint)
that do not use a DR can neighbor with each other and function properly. But if you mix DR
types with non-DR types they will not function properly (i.e. not fully adjacent). You should see
in the OSPF database Adv Router is not-reachable messages when youve mixed DR and non-
DR types.

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Network Type
NetStepByStep-R2(config-if)# ip ospf network ?
broadcast Specify OSPF broadcast multi-access network
non-broadcast Specify OSPF NBMA network
point-to-multipoint Specify OSPF point-to-multipoint network
point-to-point Specify OSPF point-to-point network

Use to configure the OSPF network type to a type other than the default for a given
media.
This command is an interface configuration command.
To return to the default value, use the no form of this command.

Verification
show ip ospf interface e0/1

Use to view the OSPF information associated with an interface.

e stands for Interface type. If the interface-type argument is included, only information
for the specified interface type is included.
0 stand for interface number. Interface number. If the interface-number argument is
included, only information for the specified interface number is included.

NetStepByStep-R2# sh ip ospf inter e0/1

Ethernet0/3 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 12.12.12.2/24, Area 2
Process ID 2, Router ID 2.2.2.2, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 10
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 255
Designated Router (ID) 2.2.2.2, Interface address 12.12.12.2
No backup designated router on this network
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
oob-resync timeout 40
Hello due in 00:00:02
Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
Index 1/3, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 6, maximum is 6
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 4 msec
Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
Adjacent with neighbor 1.1.1.1
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

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Troubleshoot

Debug ip ospf adj

Use to capture the authentication process.

Use this command before the neighbor relationship is established.
The output from debug privileged EXEC commands provides diagnostic information
concerning a variety of internetworking events relating to protocol status and network
activity in general.
Enabling debugging can disrupt operation of the router when internetworks are
experiencing high load conditions. Hence, if logging is enabled, the access server may
intermittently freeze up as soon as the console port gets overloaded with log messages.
Before you start a debug command, always consider the output that this command will
generate and the amount of time this may take.

Video Cheat Sheet

R2
interface e0/1
ip ospf network point-to-point

R3
interface e0/2
ip ospf network point-to-point

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