TUTORIAL

Aim:
To plot a TTT diagram through data obtained from a graph plotted
between fraction of pearlite and log (time).
Given Data (for starting purpose):
Johnson Mehl Equation: f (t) = 1 exp( (/3) N G3 t4 )
f (t) Fraction of pearlite formed from austenite
N Rate of nucleation
G Rate of growth
t Time
The values of N and G for a particular temperature are obtained from the
graph given below:

At 700 C, N = 6.31 x 10-4 Nuclei/mm3/s and G = 3.16 x 10-4 Nuclei/mm3/s

At 550 C, N = 1000 and G = 8.91 x 10-3
Martensite Start = 215.5 C
Martensite Finish = 79.44 C
Bainite Start = 28 s
Bainite Finish = 4400 s
Steps To Start Solving:
We start calculating temperature by temperature.
Let us start with 700 C. The values of N and G are given as 6.31 x
10-4 and 3.16 x 10-4 respectively.
Calculate the value of (/3) x N x G3. For 700, it is approximately
208.56 x 10-16.
Draw a table betweent and f (t). Load the equation into the
calculator and start substituting values fort. Move in steps of 5,
initially. 0, 5, 10, etc. Our reason for doing this is to see exactly when
the formation of pearlite is going to begin. You will observe that
from one value of time, f (t) is not zero. But the value of f (t) might
be too small to consider nucleation start. Keep substituting values
(maybe increase the steps to 50 or 100 if you observe that the there is
not that much of an increase with steps of 5 until f (t) is
approximately 0.01.
In steps of 100, you will observe that at 900 you get a value greater
than 0.01. You have to calculate the exact start time. So, go back to t
= 800 and start substituting in steps of 10. You will observe a value
of 0.01 at t = 840. If you wish to be more accurate, start from t = 831
and move in steps of 1 to get the exact value. If you do this, yourt
should be approximately 834 s. Note this down as the start time for
700 C.
 Continue in steps of 100 and if you find the increase too slow,
continue in steps of 1000.
In steps of 1000, we get f (t) = 1 at 6000 sec. If you wish to be more
accurate, start at t = 5100 and move in steps of 100. If you do this,
your time should be around 5700. Now move in steps of 10 from t =
5610. The exact time at which f (t) = 1 is around 5670 s. Note this
down as the finish time for 700 C.
Now, draw another column named log (t) in your table. Find the log
values of yourt values and plot a curve between log (t) and f (t). The
curve should look like this.
f(t)
1.2
1
0.8

f (t) 0.6
f(t)
0.4
0.2
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
-0.2
Log (t)

We have successfully determined start and finish times for 700. Now
look at the graph given and find the values of N and G for 675 C.
They are found to be 1.8 and 2.3 x 10-3.
Repeat the above procedure again and you will get start time as 26 s
and finish time as 159 s.
Draw the S curves for all the temperatures.
Tabulated Results:
Temp N G (/3)NG3 tstart tfinish
700 6.31x10-4 3.16x10-4 208.506x10-16 834 5670
675 1.8 2.3 x 10-3 2.29x10-8 26 159
650 22 5 x 10-3 2.879x10-6 8 48
625 100 6.5 x 10-3 2.87x10-5 4.4 26.7
600 289 8.7 x 10-3 1.99x10-4 2.7 16.5
575 650 910-3 4.962x10-4 2.2 13.1
550 1000 910-3 7.634x10-4 2 11.8

Assuming Bainite start and finish and making use of the martensite start
and finish values given, plot the TTT diagram between temperature and
time.
The final graph should look like this:
800

700

600

500
Start Time
400 Finish Time
Martensite Time
300
Martensite Finish
200

100

0
1 10 100 1000 10000