UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS

Peperiksaan Semester Pertama

Sidang Akademik 2014/2015

7 lanuari 2015

EET301 - Kejuruteraan Sistem Koasa (power System Engineering]

Masa : 3jam

Please make sure that this question paper has FOURTEEN (14) printed pages including this
front page and appendices before you start the examination.
[Sila pastilcan kertas soa/an in; mengandungi EMPAT BELAS (14) muka surat yang bercetak termasuk muka
hadapan dan lampiran sebelum anda memu/alcan peperiksaan ini)

This question paper has FIVE (5) questions. Answer ALL QUESTION in PART A and any
ONE (1) QUESTION in PART B. Each question contributes 25 marks.
[Kertas soalan ini mengandungi UMA. (5) soa/an. Jawab SEMUA SOALAN til BAHAGIAN A dan IIIIIIIIHIUUIIl
SATU (1) SOA.LA.N til BAHAGIAN B. Marlcah bag; tiap-tiap soalan ada/ah 25 markah.}

Appendices are given at the back.

[Lampiran-Iampiran diberikan di muka surat belakang.}

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PART A
{BAHAGIAN A/

Question 1
(Soa/an 1/

(a) A hydro power plant has 14 mJ water debits and head of water fall is 125 m to power up a
turbine. Total efficiency of turbine and generator is 95 %. If hydro power plant operates at full
load for duration of 24 hours in one day, determine energy production in 1 day and water
consumption to produce 1 MWh.
[Satu /oji kuasa hidro mempunyai debit air 14 m3 dengan tinggi terjun air iaiah 125 m untuk
menggeraJcJcan satu turbin. Jumlah lcecelcapan turbin don lcecelcapan penjana ialah 95 %. Jilca loji luasa
hidro ini beroperasi patio beban penuh untuk tempoh 24 jam dalam sam har~ tentukan tenaga yang
dihasillcan daJam satu hoI'i dan penggunaan air untu/c menghasillcan 1 MWk)

(5 Marks / Markoh)

(b) Discuss about the renewable energy and highlight its importance.
[Bincanglcan mengenai tenaga boleh diperbaharui dan telcanlcan kepentingannya.J

(4 Marks / Markoh)

(c) Figure 1 shows a single line diagram of a three-phase radial power system. The first load
of 0.8 ;" jO.2 0 is connected to bus 3 and the other load of 30 MW at 0.85 power factor
lagging which is taken from bus 2. The ratings and reactances of the various components
are shown in Table 1.
[Rajah 1 menunjukJcan gambar rajah satu garis sistem kuasajejari tiga.j"asa. Beban pertama sebanyak 0.8
+ jO.2 ohm disambungkan lcepada bas 4 don beban 30 MW patio 0.85 Jabor kuasa mengekor yang di ambil
dari bas 2. Kadaran dan galangan bagi berbagai lcomponen adalah seperti di Jaduall.J

(i) Construct the per-unit equivalent circuit of the power system with respect to the
power of 100 MVA and base voltage of 20 kV on the generator 1 side.
[Bina litar setara per unit sistem kuasa berdosarlcan kuasa 100 MVA dan voltan dasar 20 kV di
sebelah penjana I.J
(12 Marks / Markoh)

(ii) Based on the per-unit equivalent circuit that you have constructed, summarize two
advantages that can be offered by per-unit system.
[Berdasarkan litar setara per-unit yang telah anda dibina. simpulkan duo lcelebihan yang
boleh ditawarkan oleh sistem per-unit.]

(4 Marks / Markoh)

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load-1
0.8+ jO.2

j400 j400
Tx4 2

I------< f--f _ _ _~3

. j800 3 load-2
300MW
Tx1 TJC2 0.85 lagging

Figure 1
tRllllIh I}

Table 1
/JIIIhIIIII}

Component MVA Rating (MYA) Voltage (kV) Reactance (p.u)

/Komponenj {Klldll'lIn MVA (MVA)} {VolIIIII (kJ')} {GlllllnglIn (p.u)}

Generator 1, 01 50 20 20%
[Penjana I, GJ

Generator 2, 02 50 20 20%
[Penjana 2, Gzl

Transformer 1, Tl 70 33/132 10%

[Pengubah I, TJ

Transformer 2, T2 70 33/132 10%

[Pengubah 2, TiJ

Transformer 3, T3 70 33/132 10010

[Pengubah 3, Til

Transformer 4, T4 70 33/132 10%

[Pengubah 4, TJ

Transformer 5, Ts 50 132111 8%
[pengubah 5, T,j

Transformer 6, T6 50 132/11 8%
[Pengubah 6. TJ
.4/-

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Question 2
/SoaIan2J

Figure 2(a) shows the low voltage distribution system at Pauh Putra Campus, UniMAP. A mini
power plant X supplies to the load through three phase transformer, 1000 kVA, 11/0.415 kV,
Dynll. The load curve for a mini power plant X is shown in Figure 2(b) and the load data is
given in Table 2.
(Rajah 2(a) menunjulckan sistem pengagihan voltan rendah di Kampus Pauh Putra, UniMAP. Sebuah mini [oji
kuasa X memberi beluzlan Ice beban melalui pengubah tiga fasa, 1000 kVA, 1110.415 kY, Dyn11. Lenghtk beban
bagi mini loji kuasaX ditunjulcJcan dalam Rajah 2(b) dan data beban diberilcan dalam Jadual2.}

(a) With reference to Figure 2(a), explain about the transformer connection and the
distribution system at Pauh Putra Campus, UniMAP.
[Dengan merujuk Rajah 2(a), terangluzn tentang sambungan pengubah don sistem pengagihan di kampus
Pauh Putra. UniMAP.}
(5 Marks 1 Mariah)

(b) Based on load curve in Figure 2(b), determine the load factor and the plant capacity
factor if the maximum plant capacity is 1000 kW.
[Berdasarlcan pada lenghtk beban dalam Rajah 2(b), tentulcan faktor beban dan faktor kapasiti loji jika
kapasiti maksimum loji ialah 1000 kW.}
(4 Marks 1Mariah)

(c) By neglect the losses at the distribution cables, determine the minimum rating of the
capacitor bank (in kVAR) at Bus 1 in Figure 2(a) if the power factor need to improve to
0.95.
[Dengan mengabailcan lcehilangan pada /cobel pengagihan, tentukan luzdar minimum bagi bank kapasitor
(da/am KVAR) pada Bas 1 dalam Rajah 2(a) ji/co/aktor kuasa perlu dipertingkatlcan ke 0.95.}
(13 Marks 1 Mariah)

(d) Detennine the percentage loading of the transformer before and after connected the
capacitor bank.
[Tentuluzn peratus bebanan bagi pengubah sebelum dan selepas banJc luzpatitor disambungkan.}
(3 Marks 1 Mariah)

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BUI2

Bus 1
Loadl
Cable
Mini Power
Plant X
J------.
I I Load 1
I I
I Load 5 BUll
I 11 kV I 1110.415 kV
I 1000 kVA I Dyn11 Load 3
lOOOKVA
,---
' _ _ _ _ _ ..1
Cable

1 I
I I .---+ Load4

,'T', Capaeitor
I I Bank
' ___ 1
Figure2(a)
[Rllja 2(,,)J

MW

1.0

0.8

0.6 ----------------------------------------- ......0.562

=-..
0.452
0.4 ,.......;;.;.;.;;---..0.372 0.402
0.344 0.314

0.2
.04

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Hours
Figore2(b)
[Rajah 2(b)J

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Table 2
{JadIlaI2}

Load S(kVA) P(kW) Q(kVAR) Power factor

{BehanJ /Fakto, klulsa]
Load 1 0.7 (lagging)
{Bebanl]
200
{0.7 (mengelcor)]_
Load 2 240 Lagging
{Beban2]
144
[Mengelcor]
Load 3 120 0.9 (leading)
[Beban3] [0.9 (mendulu)L
Load 4 Lagging
[Beban4]
80 93.S
[MenJ!.elcor1
loadS 30 Unity
[Beban5] f1.!nit]

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Question 3
[SoaltmJ]

(a) A synchronous generator, G supplies a synchronous motor, M through 2 unit power

transfonner, Tl and T2 that are connected by a 20 km long transmission line in Figure 3.
The generator is operating at rated MVA, 0.90 power factor lagging and at 2% above
rated voltage when a bolted three-phase short circuit occurs at bus I.
[Sebuah penjana segerak,G memberi bekalan kepada sebuah motor segerak, M melalui 2 unit pengubah
kuasa, TJ and T2 yang dihubungkan oleh sebuah ta/ian penghantaran sepmyang 20 Ian dalam Rqjan 3.
Penjana beroperasi patio MVA terkadar. falctor kuasa 0.9 mengekor dan melebihi 2% voltan terlcodar
apabi/a satu litor pintas tiga-fasa kukuh terjadi patio bas 1.]

(i) Calculate the per-unit values of subtransient fault current on the fault point.
[Kiralcan nilai perunit arus sab/ana pada litik kerosalcan.]
(4 Marks I Marlcah)

(ii) Compare subtransient generator and motor currents when the prefault current is
neglected and when the prefault current is omitted.
[Bandingkan arus pe,yana dan motor sab/ana apabila arus prakerosakan diabaikan dan apabiIa
arus pralcerosakan diambillcira.]
(6 Marks I Marlcah)

G 1 Tl T2 2 M
j2 Wkm
C9 I
Z/ine =

3~ 3
11 kV 111132 kV 132111 kV 11 kV
100MVA 100MVA 100MVA 100MVA
X = 18% X = 10% X = lO% X = 14%

Figure 3
(Rajah 3]

(b) Clearly distinguish the terms "Overload" and "Overcurrenf'. Explain the types of backup
protection.
[Bezakan dengan jelas istilah "beban lebih" dan "arus lebih". Terangkan jenis-jenis perlindungan
solcongan.]
(7 Marks I Mariah)

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(c) An overcurrent relay is connected to the multi-ratio current transformer, CT. This CT
ratio is 100:5 and the excitation curve is shown in Appendix A. The burden and relay
input current are shown in Table 3. Calculate the primary fault current, I for each
condition and compare both of them. Which condition will allow the relay to detect the
180 A fault current?
[Sebuah geganti arus /ebihan disambunglazn kepada pengubah arus pe/bagai-nisbah. CT. Nisbah CT in;
ialah 100:5 dan /engkuk ujaan ditunjulckan da/am Lampiran A. Beban dan Q11IS masukan geganti
ditunjuJcJcan dalam Jadual 3. Kira arus kerosakan primer, I bagi setiap keadaan dan bandingkan kedua-
duanya. Keadaan yang manakah akan membolehkan geganti mengesan Q11IS kerosa/can sebanyalc 180 A?]

(8 Marks / Mariah)

Table 3
{JtUblalJ/

Condition Burden Relay input current

[KeadaanI {Beban! [AnIs masukan ReRanti]
1 ZB= 0.540 F=8A

2 ZB= 0.920 F=10A

9/-

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PARTB
{BAHAGIAN B}

Question 4
{Soaltm4j

(a) A double circuit three-phase transmission line is composed of two ACSR 2,167,000 cmil,
7217 Kiwi conductor per phase with vertical configuration as shown in Figure 4(a). The
conductors have a diameter of 4.4069 cm and a GMR of 1.7374 cm. The bundle spacing
is 45 cm. The circuit armngement is albiC}, a2~c2. Determine the Inductance and
capacitance per phase per kilometer of the line.
[Tallan penghantaran tlga Jasa litar berlcembar terdiri daripada dua pengalir Kiwi, ACSR 2,167,000 emil,
7217 Kiwi per Jasa dengan Iwnfigurasi menegak seperti yang dltunjuklcan da/am Rajah 4(a). Penga/ir
mempunym diameter 4.4069 em dan GMR dari 1.7374 em. Jarak terherkas ia/ah 45 em. Susunan /itar
ialah alblcb a;'~2' Tentukan kearuhan dan kemuatan perJasa bag; per kilometer talian.]

. ...
a, :
; 16m~
:1i2

(9 Marks I Markah)

f
24 m
10m
I
---!.-t -----I., : ~

9m
C, : I : C2
1". t 17m - -e.i
Figure4(a)
[Rajah 4(a)}

(b) Figure 4(b) shows a three-phase power system consisting of two units of 11 kV
generators feeding a 130 kV double circuit transmission line through step-up
transformers. Each 130 kV line is 100 km long having an inductive reactance of 0.50
Wkm. The system is running in normal operation when suddenly a balanced three-phase
fault occurs on the middle of line 2 with the pre-fault voltage is 132.6 kV. Calculate the
fault level and the fault cUITent using a 100 MVA base for the whole system. Express the
answer in Amperes and ignore the effect of the pre-fault load currents.
[Rajah 4(b) menunjuklcan sebuah sistem kuasa tiga-Jasa yang terdiri daripatio duo unit penjana 1J kV
menyuap saw ta/ian penghantaran litar berganda 130 kV me/alui pengubah langkah naile. Setiap talian
130 kV adalah sepanjang 100 Ian mempunyai salU regangan pearuh 0.50 QIJan. Sistem ber/cenaan
beroperasi secara normal apabila tiba-tiba satu kerosakan tiga-Jasa seimbang herlaku di pertengohan
talian 2 dengan vo/tan pra-kerosaJcan adoIah 132.6 kYo Kira paras 1cerosakan dan arus kerosokan
menggunalcan satu dasar 100 MVA untuk leese/wuhan sistem. Nyatakon jawapan dalam Ampere dan
abaikan lcesan arus beban pra-1cerosakan.]
(8 Marks I Markah)

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(c) Repeat Part (b) when the fault occurs on bus 1. Analyze the contributions of fault from
generator Gl and G2.
[Ulang Bahagian (b) apabi/a kerosakan berlaw pada bas 1. Analisa sumbangan kepada lcerosakan
daripadapenjanaG/ dan G2-1
(8 Marks / Markah)

1 2
Line!

11 kV 111130kV Line 2
130111 kV 11 kV
1l0MVA 1120MVA 95MVA 80MVA
X" = 20% X = 22% X = 16% )C' = 190/0

-
- F
F
Figure4(b)
/RIljtlll 4(b)J

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Question 5
{Soalan 5}

(a) A 345 kV, 70 MW, 50 Hz, three-phase transmission line is 180 kIn long. The series
resistance per phase, r is 0.1 n/km, the inductance per phase, L is 0.53 mHIkm and the
capacitance per phase, C is 0.0322 J.LF1km. The voltage at the receiving end of the
transmission line is 325 kV at 0.9 lagging power factor.
[Satu talian penghantaran tigafasa 345 .tv, 70 MW, 50 Hz adalah sepanjang 180 km. Rintangan sesiri per
fasa, r ia/ah 0.1 O/Icm, lcearuhan per fasa, L ialah 0.53 mHllcm dan kemuatan setiap fasa, C ialah 0.0322
pF/km. Voltan hujung penerima bag; talian penghantaran tersebut adalah 325 .tV pada fa/ctor hasa
mengekor 0.9.}

(i) By using the short line model approximation, determine the sending end voltage
and sending end current.
[Dengan menggunakon perkiraan model talian-pendelc, dapatkon voltan hujung penghantoran
dan arus hujung penghantaran}
(4 Marks / Marluzh)

(ii) Determine the sending end voltage and sending end current using the exact
transmission line equation. State your assumption. Compare and discuss the result
based on the obtained sending end voltages and sending end current for both line
models.
[Tentukon voltan hujung penghanJaran dan arus hujung penghantaran menggunaJcan persamaan
ta/ian penghantaran yang tepat. Nyatakan andaian anda. Banding dan bincangkon kepuhlsan
berdasarkan voltan hujung penghantaran dan arus hujung penghantaran yang diperolehi bagi
kedua-dua model talian.}
(7 Marks / Marluzh)

(iii) If the voltage at the sending end is fixed at 160 kV, calculate the receiving end voltage
and the sending end current when there is no load on the transmission line using results
obtained in Part (b).
[Jilca voltan hujung hantaran ditetapkan pada 160 tv, hitungkan voltan hujung terimaan dan arus
hujung hantaran apabila tiada beban pada talian penghantaran tersebut menggunakan jawapan-
jawapan yang diperolehi dalam Bahagian (b).}
(4 Marks / Marluzh)

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(b) A 20 kV, 50 Hz radial distribution system is shown in Figure 5. This system uses the
CO-8 relay having the characteristics as given in Appendix B. The operating time for all
breakers is 5 cycles. The power factor is the same for all loads. Using the data provided
and the coordination time interval of 0.3 s, evaluate the relay settings to protect this
system.
[Sebuah sislem pengagihan jejari 20 kV, 50 Hz ditunjuldcan da/am Rajah 5. Sislem ini menggunakan
geganti jenis CO-8 dengan ciri-cm geganti ditunjuldcan dalam Lampiran B. Mosa beroperosi bag; semua
pemutus adalah 5 kilar. Faktor kuosa bag; semua beban ada/ah sama. Dengan menggunalcan data yang
diber; dan sela mosa penye/arosan sebanyak 0.3 s, taksirkan penetapan geganti untuk melindung; sistem
ini.}
(10 Marks 1 Markah)

20kV 3 2 1

C.T.R = 400/5 C. T.R = 200/5 C.T.R = 200/5

83 = 8MVA 81 = 5MVA
IF3 = 4800 A IFI= 1120A

FigureS
{Rajah 5}

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1---

100~ _ _
~LAA.~
.I
1
150:5
II I I '" ttt
~~~~~~#I._*-IJ~~~-A'~~200:5~~HH~~~~~+
/1 If / J /'" II.

j~~ ~ jl ~ I !4~1ITi+--~~~-+-~-~'
V
0.1 ~,~~'~~~_~L~~~~~~~~__~~~4-~~~&w
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Secondary excitin,g 3111pS. Ie

Excitation curve for a multi-ratio bushing CT with a C 100 ANSI accuracy classification

CTRatio Secondary resistance, n

50:5 0.061
100:5 0.082
150:5 0.104
200:5 0.125
250:5 0.146
300:5 0.168
400:5 0.211
450:5 0.230
500:5 0.242
600:5 0.296

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AppendixB
{Lampiran B1

7r-------r--n-r,-~~~~--_r--~~_r------------__,
Typical lime curves
type (0-8
over current relay
50-60 Hertz
6r-------~~~-+~~~~~+_~--+__r~~~----------_4

5
-\ Il
"0
c Time dial setting
0
g
-\Il

<:J 4
E
'.OJ
cc
c
0,t:;
r.;
~
<:J
a. 3
0
>
r.;
~
a::

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 20
Relay input current in multiplier of current tap setting

0.5

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