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Volume 1, Issue 2, Mar 2017
International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017
A Communication Networks Integrated by Data
and Energy for Wireless Big Data
Ms. SUMAIYA FARHEN 1, Mrs. SHASHIREKHA H 2
Dept. of Computer Science
1 MTech, Student VTU PG Center, Mysuru, India
2 Guide, Assistant Professor VTU PG Center, Mysuru, India
SURVEY PAPER
1 ABSTRACT: This survey describes a new type of
communication network called data and energy
integrated communication networks (DEINs), which
integrates the traditionally separate two processes, i.e.,
wireless information transfer (WIT) and wireless
energy transfer (WET), fulfilling co-transmission of
data and energy. In particular, the energy transmission
using radio frequency is for the purpose of energy
harvesting (EH) rather than information decoding. One
driving force of the advent of DEINs is wireless big
data, which comes from wireless sensors that produce
a large amount of small piece of data. These sensors
are typically powered by battery that drains sooner or
later and will have to be taken out and then replaced or
recharged. EH has emerged as a technology to
wirelessly charge batteries in a contactless way.
Recent research work has attempted to combine WET
with WIT, typically under the label of simultaneous
wireless information and power transfer. Such work in
the literature largely focuses on the communication
side of the whole wireless networks with particular
emphasis on power allocation. The DEIN
communication network proposed in this paper regards
the convergence of WIT and WET as a full system that
considers not only the physical layer but also the
higher layers, such as media access control and
information routing. After describing the DEIN
concept and its high-level architecture/protocol stack,
this paper presents two use cases focusing on the
lower layer and the higher layer of a DEIN network,
respectively. The lower layer use case is about a fair
resource allocation algorithm, whereas the high-layer
section introduces an efficient data forwarding scheme
in combination with EH. The two case studies aim to
give a better explanation of the DEIN concept. Some
future research directions and challenges are also
pointed out.
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INTRODUCTION
An important form of big data is large amount of
small piece of data collected from wireless sensors,
namely, wireless big data. These sensors are typically
powered by battery that drains sooner or later and will
have to be taken out and then
replaced or recharged. Energy harvesting (EH) has
emerged as a technology to wirelessly charge batteries
in a contactless way and thus widely used in wireless
sensor networks. EH utilizes radio frequency (RF)
rather than the traditional induction principle or other
energy sources such as wind, vibration or solar to
conduct the charging, making it more controller
(usually human cannot control wind or sunshine).
However this RF-based wireless energy transferring
(WET) process is independent of wireless information
transfer (WIT)and the latter is by far the major
objective of radio transmission nowadays. Information
and energy are two fundamental notions in nature with
critical impact on all aspects of life. All living and
machine entities rely on both information and energy
for their existence. In wireless communications, the
relationship between information and energy is even
more apparent as radio waves that carry information
also transfer energy. Wireless communication systems
employ electromagnetic waves in order to transfer
information. Up until recently, the information
transmission capacity of these signals has been the
main focus of research and applications, neglecting
their energy content. However, thanks to recent
advances in silicon technology, the energy
requirements of embedded systems have been
significantly reduced, making electromagnetic waves a
potentially useful source of energy. For example,
recent experiments show that hundreds of microwatts
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IDL - International Digital Library Of
Technology & Research
Volume 1, Issue 2, Mar 2017
International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017
design need to be considered among many other new
research issues. The trade-off between information and
energy and their effective interaction necessitate novel
designs of almost all layers of the network protocol
stack. Efficient cross layer design approaches will be
necessary, for example, to bring advanced physical
layer techniques, such as full duplex and massive
multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), together with
dynamic resource allocation algorithms at the data link
layer, and even combined with multi-hop data
forwarding techniques. As a positioning piece of work,
this paper aims to present some high-level concept of
DEIN by making the following contributions:
To present the DEIN system architecture through
redefining the traditional network protocol stack by
introducing energy processing alongside the traditional
data processing. Explanation to each newly introduced
components in the stack and their relationship with
other system components is also described.
To give two use cases of DEIN. The first one gives a
simple example of the functionalities of the DEIN
lower layer, namely, power allocation to maximize the
minimum data rate of user devices. And the user
devises are powered by the same antenna via WET
and their batteries respect the basic energy harvesting
rules. The second use case presents a high-level
perspective of DEIN, namely, multi-hop data
forwarding in combination with energy harvesting. To
identify some research challenges of DEIN and to
point out some future research directions in pursuit of
this new and exciting type of future wireless
communication networks as DEIN[1].
3 SURVEY
3.1 A Fair Resource Allocation Algorithm for Data
and Energy Integrated Communication Networks
In this survey we study about strength of network
virtualization such as software defined networking
(SDN) and collaborative radio access networks (C-
RAN). For instance, SDN is expected to transform the
way services are created, sourced, deployed, and
supported. This paper discusses another type of
virtualization, namely, a base station, being virtualized
into providing not only information transferring but
also energy transferring to charge mobile devices. This
is largely driven by the fact that mobile devices, while
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getting more powerful in processing and networking,
exhaust their battery more quickly.
To address this challenge, this paper utilizes energy
harvesting into wireless communications, namely, the
so-called DEINs (Data and energy integrated
communication networks). With the development of
energy harvesting (EH) technologies and wireless
energy transfer (WET) techniques, the DEIN becomes
an emerging trend focusing on the study of wireless
power and information cooperation communications.
Compared with simultaneous wireless information and
power transfer (SWIPT) which mainly focuses on the
physical layer, DEINs focus on the whole network
system, resource allocation, and protocols design in
different layers. The typical architecture of a DEIN is
shown in Figure 1, which has three major components,
that is, a virtual energy base station (eBS), a data base
station (dBS), and massive mobile users/mobile
devices. The wireless communication is divided into
two parts. The virtual eBS first transfers energy to
multiple mobile users (MUs) that do not have
embedded energy sources via downlink (DL), and then
MUs use the harvested energy to perform uplink (UL)
wireless information transmission (WIT) to the dBS.
No existent works have taken into account the power
sensitivity of RF-DC circuits when DL transfer energy
in DEINs, which can lead to a falsely higher data rate
when received RF signals cannot be converted into DC
(i.e., energy transfer) if their power level is lower than
the power sensitivity of an RF-DC circuit. Besides,
none of these works have considered the possibility of
energy overflow or the opportunities for users to
optimize the use of harvested energy across UL WIT
slots. It has been shown that a user using all available
energy for WIT in each slot achieves a lower data rate
than uniformly distributing energy between energy
arrivals. Therefore, new dynamic time allocation
schemes are needed since not all MUs can harvest
energy in every slot, which take into consideration the
policy that the energy harvesting of every user should
not overflow in every DL WET phase and the energy
harvested in the DL WET phase of former slot may be
used in the UL WIT of the next.
3.2 The Internet of Energy: Smart Sensor
Networks and Big Data Management for Smart
Grid The electricity demand globally is expected to
increase more than two-thirds by the year of 2035
according to the International Energy Agency
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intelligent power infrastructure. Smart grid technology
promises to make the world power systems more
secure, reliable, efficient, flexible, and sustainable
2. It achieves these goals through the integration of
information and communication networks. Intelligent
algorithms for information collection and processing
are being and will be developed to provide automated
control over the power grid. In smart grid, a reliable
and real-time monitoring is highly required to provide
solutions quickly when natural accidents or
catastrophes occur to prevent power disturbance and
outage. Hence, intelligent monitoring and sensing
capabilities to insure real-time response from the
power grid are necessary. Wireless sensor networks
(WSNs) can be used as compared to traditional
communication technologies because of its low-cost,
rapid deployment, flexibility, and aggregated
intelligence via parallel processing
3. However, better security solutions are needed to
prevent the network from any malicious behaviors,
sniffing, or attackers. The integration of WSNs,
actuators, smart meters, and other components of the
power grid with together with information and
communication technology (ICT), is referred to as the
Internet of Energy (IoE). IoE uses the bidirectional
flow of energy and information within the smart grid
to gain deep insights on power usage and predicts
future actions to increase energy efficiency and low
overall cost.
4. According to reports, 800 millions smart meters are
expected to be installed globally by 20205. In order to
achieve fine-grain monitoring and scheduling,
information from the power grid needs to be collected
within short intervals. Assuming that smart meters
take one record every 15 minutes, this leads to about
77 billions of readings globally during one day. Such
huge amount of data could overwhelm existing
processing and storage techniques and systems. Utility
companies need these readings to have a better
understanding of end users behaviors regarding
consumption and pricing policies.
To manage the massive amounts of data generated
from smart meters and other components of the grid,
utility companies can use services provided by cloud
infrastructures. Services that are provided by cloud
enterprises and infrastructures for smart grid users
include: provide a storage space, energy resources
management, and virtual power plant. Latency and
security of cloud computing might be the reasons for
utility companies not to adopt cloud systems.
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However, Fog computing or edge computing deals
with the IoT in a distributed manner rather than using
the centralized cloud computing model. It aims to
minimize latency and improve the bandwidth usage.
3.3 Big Data Network Architecture and Monitoring
Use Wireless Technology
Big Data in Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) is data collection in large number
and complex data transfer / transaction that need a
good data management system or application to
process of those data sets because current data
management have difficulties to handle it. Some
challengers for data collection such as data storage and
need large database capacity, data capture and sharing
that required high speed infrastructure system, data
visual and analysis required good management system
tools to do that. With high volume and numbers of
data need to collect and large number data traffic, a
new method of information system is required to
process of that ability to enhancement decision and
management system also optimization performance.
Billions number of data transaction and streams
coming from devices worldwide, one of the challenges
for the current data management to serve without any
losses and low throughput also latency. Although,
after enabling and integration of cloud management
system still having difficulties to serve all the data
streams and transaction. Cloud based Big Database
and Data centre techniques offer some promise to
overcome issues mentions above. Mobile of people
with carrying device such as smart phone or tablet is
extending of Internet of Things (IoT), everyone has
their own unique IP/IPs address with hold device. The
future of IoT is to manage devices carrying by people
around the world with unique IP as hub and interface
to others devices. Billions number of devices with IoT
has capability to sense, communicate and detect that
allow efficient communication and data collection thru
the device. Introduction of Internet Protocol version 6
(IPv6) and low power wireless network would able to
do sensing and communication through devices. With
the IPv6 has billions number of unique IPs for device
and sensor that apply for house application such as
monitoring of cameras, manage assets, house
equipments controlling and security application. Fifth
Generation (5G) is promising technology to use for
future development in telecommunication
infrastructure. Currently, the use of radio frequency
spectrum is in wide area, information system, industry,
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medical, education and so on than the spectrum a bit
mess. By 2020 is estimate that 50 billion devices will
be connected to the internet, so alternative of the use
spectrum for connections of devices to internet need to
be attention else system unable to serve of high
demand. The large number of devices and machines
connected to internet will be due to a boom inanimate
object using the 5G network as known as the Internet
of Things (IoT). In this paper, discuss more on the use
of 5G technology and wireless communication system
to accommodate large number of devices and capacity
for Big Data Centre (BDC). The promising technology
to use 5G technology as alternative system in
backbone and framework for Big Data infrastructure,
3 Big Data Network Architecture because of standard
sets in 5G technology able to running in high speed
Gigabits data connection. High speed data transfer and
connection is required in Big Data Centre to serve
large number of clients and high volume of data
storage, else many issues facing up and also slow
system will happen.
3.4 Wireless Communications in the Era of Big
Data
Decades of exponential growth in commercial data
services has ushered in the so-called big data era, to
which the expansive mobile wireless network is a
critical data contributor. As of 2014, the global
penetration of mobile subscribers has reached 97%,
producing staggeringly 10.7 Extra Bytes (10.7 1018)
of mobile data worldwide. The surge of mobile data
traffic in recent years is mainly attributed to the
popularity of smart phones, phone cameras, mobile
tablets and other smart mobile devices that support
mobile broadband applications, e.g., online music,
video and gaming as shown in Fig. 1. With a
compound annual growth rate of over 40%, it is
expected that the mobile data traffic will increase by
5 times from 2015 to 2020 .In addition to the vast
amount of wireless source data, modern wireless
signal processing often amplifies the systems
pressure from big data in pursuit of higher
performance gain. For instance, MIMO antenna
technologies are now extensively used to boost
throughput and reliability at both mobile terminals
(MTs) and base stations (BSs) of high speed wireless
services. This, however, also increases the system data
traffic to be processed in proportion to the number of
antennas in use. Moreover, the 5G (the fifth
generation) wireless network presently under
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development is likely to migrate the currently
hierarchical, BS-centric cellular architecture to a
cloud-based layered network structure, consisting of a
large number of cooperating wireless access points
(APs) connected by either wire line or wireless front
haul links to big data capable processing central unit
(CU). New wireless access structures, such as
coordinated multipoint (CoMP or networked MIMO),
heterogeneous network (HetNet) and cloud-based
radio access network (C-RAN), are under
development to achieve multi-standard, interference-
aware and energy-friendly (green) wireless
communications. In practice, the use of cooperating
wireless APs could easily generate multiple Gbps data
from a single users front haul links due to the need
for baseband joint processing, such that the high traffic
load may overwhelm the front haul link or the system
computing unit for signal processing and coordination.
Such intensely high system traffic volume, together
with the rapidly growing mobile data source volume,
surpasses both the processing power improvement
speed four current computing capabilities and the front
haul/backhaul link rate increase pace of our
networking systems. It necessitates a new wireless
architecture along with efficient signal processing
methods to make wireless systems scalable to
continued growth of data traffic. On the other hand,
timely and cost-efficient information processing is
made possible by the fact that the vast-volume mobile
data traffics are not completely chaotic and hopelessly
beyond management. Rather, they often exhibit strong
insightful features, such as user mobility pattern,
spatial, temporal and social correlations of data
contents. These special characteristics of mobile traffic
present us with opportunities to harness and exploit
big data for potential performance gains in various
wireless services. To effectively utilize and exploit
these characteristics, they should be identified,
extracted, and efficiently stored. For instance, caching
popular contents at wireless hot spots could effectively
reduce the real-time traffic in the front haul links.
Additionally, network control decisions, such as
routing, resource allocation, and status reporting,
instead of being rigidly programmed, could be made
data-driven to fully capture the interplay between big
data and network structure. Presently, however, these
advanced data-aware features could not be efficiently
implemented in current wireless systems, which are
mainly designed for content delivery, instead of
analyzing and making use of the data traffic.
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3.5 Big Data Storage Method in Wireless
Communication Environment
One buzzword that has been popular in the last couple
of years is Big Data. Big data phenomenon refers to
the practice of collection and processing of very large
data sets and associated systems and algorithms used
to analyze these massive datasets. Architectures for
big data usually range across multiple machines and
clusters, and they commonly consist of multiple
special purpose sub-systems. In simplest terms, Big
Data symbolizes the aspiration to build platforms and
tools to collect, store and analyze data that can be
voluminous, diverse, and possibly fast changing. As a
Specific kind of application for big data, spatial
application such as Mobile-based Geographical
Information System (Mobile-GIS) has become more
and more important in both scientific research and
industry. With the development of earth observation
technologies, the spatial data are growing the proposed
framework is indeed effective in addressing the cross-
site cold-start product recommendation problem.
Currently, only simple neutral network architecture
has been employed for user and product embedding
learning. In the future, more advanced deep learning
models such as Convolution Neural Networks13 can
be study for learning.
CONCLUSION
This survey proposes a new network architecture /
protocol stack called DEIN where traditional
information transmission is fully or partially powered
by RF EH. The cooperation between WIT and WET in
DEIN is described. Two DEIN use cases are then
presented focusing on the lower layer and the higher
layer of a DEIN network respectively. The lower layer
use case is about a fair resource allocation algorithm
whereas the high-layer section introduces an efficient
data forwarding scheme in combination with EH.
Further next article we describe operation and
implementation process on this same topic.
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