Directory of

Industrial
Biomass Boilers
and Combined
Heat and Power
Equipment
This directory was published in partnership with: Section 1 03 Foreword
04 Introduction
06 Boilers and combustion
07 Combustion technology
10 Combined heat and power
12 Advanced conversion technologies
Envirolink Northwest Section 2 14 At-a-glance manufacturer information
Spencer House 16 Company summary table
91 Dewhurst Road
Birchwood 18 Summary table
Warrington Section 3 20 Detailed manufacturer information
WA3 7PG 22 UK map
T +44 (0) 1925 813 200 24 Directory
F +44 (0) 1925 819 031 77 List of UK suppliers
www.envirolinknorthwest.co.uk
info@envirolinknorthwest.co.uk

Combustion Engineering
Association
1A Clarke Street
Ely Bridge
Cardiff
CF5 5AL
T +44 (0) 29 2040 0670
F +44 (0) 29 2055 5542
www.cea.org.uk
info@cea.org.uk

CO2Sense Yorkshire
Victoria House
2 Victoria Place
Leeds
LS11 5AE
T +44 (0) 113 237 8400
www.co2sense.org.uk
info@co2sense.org.uk

This directory was commissioned by Envirolink Northwest. North

Energy Associates Limited compiled the bulk of the information as
supplied by the listed manufacturers. Reproduction of content needs
the written permission of manufacturers, Envirolink Northwest and/or
North Energy Associates Limited.
Using this directory
The entries in the directory are listed in order of manufacturer.
Other useful organisations such as UK agents, suppliers
or installers are listed under that manufacturers entry as
appropriate. Where appropriate, a UK example of an installation
of that manufacturers equipment is given. Some manufacturers
have many UK installations of their equipment, others have
a number of examples in Europe and few in the UK, while others
have many examples in Europe but none in the UK.
The specifications and claims made in each listing are those
of the manufacturer or agent. We have no way of validating
these and they may be based on using a specific fuel. Validation
against the specific circumstances you are considering is vital.
The inclusion of a manufacturer in the directory does not imply
that their equipment complies with relevant UK regulations.
This is also the case for manufacturers that have installations
in the UK. The specific regulatory requirements of any proposed
installation must be examined with the manufacturer of the
equipment. Many UK suppliers of European equipment can assist
with ensuring that any system designs achieve compliance with
UK regulations.
2 3
Foreword
The European Union is committed to renewable energy
deployment and the UK is playing a major role.
In the Renewable Energy Strategy, non-domestic biomass has the third greatest
contribution to make in the lead scenario technology mix to meeting the 2020
targets, after wind and transport fuels. In the lead scenario for heat alone, where
12% of heat should come from renewables, the largest contribution is from the
industrial sector.
This publication originated in Northern England where a strong industrial sector
continues to provide a vital contribution to our national economy. These industries
consume a large amount of power and heat. Some have already switched to
sustainable energy sources helped by a particularly well developed wood and solid
recovered fuel supply chain in the North West of England.
DECC is confident that energy generation from sustainable fuels will continue
its rapid growth in the industrial sector, and that companies across the UK will
reap the rewards.
We welcome the initiative taken by Envirolink Northwest and the other Northern
England agencies in producing this publication.
Andrew Perrins
Department of Energy and Climate Change
Introduction

4 5
Boilers and combustion
Solid combustible biomass material can be used directly as fuel
for boilers, giving a range of outputs. The boilers can be used to
heat thermal oil or steam as required. The type of combustion
technology employed by these boilers is largely dependent on the
form of the fuel used and the scale of the system. Different fuels
have different physical properties, requiring a variety of equipment
and technologies to handle them. For example, some biomass
fuels flow easily and others need mechanical transfer to move
them around.
Boiler output types:
Thermal oil
Higher temperatures can be achieved with thermal oil boilers than hot water
systems, up to 300C. This makes thermal oil boilers suitable for process heat
demands. Unlike steam, thermal oil boilers do not require a specially trained and
licensed steam boiler operator.
Steam
Biomass boilers are available for raising steam. Saturated steam boilers are often
used for heat transfer applications, although there are generator prime movers1
that can make use of saturated steam.
Super heated steam boilers that utilise biomass fuel are available and may
be used for electrical power generation.
James Proctor boiler
6 7
Combustion technology
Primary combustion air is usually introduced to the fuel bed,
or in the case of pulverised fuel, it is mixed with the fuel.
This allows the processes of fuel drying, gasification and charcoal
combustion to take place. The addition of secondary air then
enables the combustible gasses to be burned, usually in a separate
combustion zone.
If only dry biomass fuel is to be used, combustion chambers with steel walls
can be used. However, if wet biomass fuel is to be used, combustion chambers
with insulating bricks should be used to act as thermal accumulators to buffer
variations in moisture content and combustion temperature. Biomass boiler
types are largely determined by which type of combustion system is required
for the fuel.
Combustion systems can be divided in to three main types:
Pulverised fuel combustion2
Fixed bed
Fluidised bed
Pulverised fuel combustion
Pulverised fuel such as sawdust and fine shavings can be used by injecting
them pneumatically into the combustion system. The primary air is used as the
transport air. This type of system usually requires an auxiliary burner to achieve
the necessary temperature before the biomass fuel is introduced and the auxiliary
burner shut down. It is necessary to maintain the moisture content and maximum
particle size of the fuel to ensure optimum performance and minimum emissions.
The explosion risk which exists with fine biomass particles requires careful control
of the fuel feed. The fuel/air mixture is often injected tangentially into a cylindrical
furnace muffle to give a rotational flow, which can be enhanced by recirculation
of flue gas to the combustion chamber. Muffle furnaces are well suited to the use
of dust and fine wood wastes such as those arising from the chipboard industry.
1 Primary movers generally
refer to the engine or
plant that provides
the motive force to drive
a generator.
2 Sjaak van Loo and
Jaap Koppejan (2008)
The Handbook of
Biomass Combustion
and Co-firing
ISBN 9781844072491
 Fixed bed combustion Fluidised bed combustion
Fixed bed combustion systems can be further sub-divided into the various grate In fluidised bed combustion systems, fuels are burned in a suspension of hot bed
furnace technologies which are available, as well as underfed stokers. The main types material consisting of sand, ash and additives or similar inert material. The hot
are fixed grate, travelling grate, moving grate, rotating grate and vibrating grate. sand/inert material effectively dries and ignites even demanding fuels with low
heating value and/or high ash content.
Fixed grate systems are not well suited to modern, well-controlled biomass
combustion systems. Fuel transport through the combustion zone is achieved by Fluidised bed combustion systems have been used widely for large-scale schemes
the mechanism of feeding fuel to the boiler and moving the fuel through it. or combustion of municipal and industrial wastes. There are two main fluidised bed
This makes it difficult to achieve high levels of control of the distribution of fuel technologies: bubbling fluidised bed and circulating fluidised bed.
over the grate. It is usually only applied to small-scale equipment.
It should be noted that fluidised bed combustion systems generally require long
A travelling grate consists of grate bars that form a continuous band moving start times of a few hours. Good combustion efficiency can be achieved due to
through the combustion chamber. The fuel bed does not move, but rather it is mixing, which minimises the requirement for excess air. The capital investment
transported through the combustion chamber on the grate. The speed of travelling and the operating cost are high compared to fixed bed systems and fluidised bed
grate systems can be varied to ensure complete burn out of the fuel. The grate is combustion plants are usually only found in large-scale developments.
automatically cleaned of ash and dirt at the end of the combustion chamber, before
With bubbling fluidised bed technology, the sand bed bubbles in the lower part of
returning to the start. The grate bars may be cooled by primary air on the way back
the furnace. The bed is fluidised by the primary air, which is supplied from below at
to prevent overheating and to reduce wear. However, as there is no stoking of the
around 1 to 2m/s. The secondary air is introduced through groups of nozzles higher
embers, a longer burn out time is required than with other types of grate and it is
up the sides of the furnace. The combustion zone retains all fuel heat, thus making
not well suited to non-homogenous fuel as no mixing occurs.
bubbling fluidised bed combustion well suited to biomass and recycled fuels.
A moving grate consists of alternate fixed and movable rows of inclined grate bars.
With circulating fluidised bed technology, the fluidising velocity is between
The movable sections are moved forwards and backwards, usually by hydraulic
5 and 10m/s, and smaller sand particles are used. The bed material flows together
actuators, transporting the fuel along the grate. This leads to good mixing of
with the flue gas through the furnace, after which it is separated from the gas
burned and un-burned fuel. The speed of different grate sections can be controlled
by cyclones and returned to the lower part of the furnace. This technology is optimal
independently as required by different stages of the combustion process.
for higher heating value fuels, such as drier biomass, recycled fuels, fossil fuels
Moving grate systems are suitable for a wide variety of fuel types. Primary air
and co-combustion. The higher turbulence in circulating fluidised bed furnaces
can be used to cool the grate when using wet fuel. Water cooled grates can be
leads to better heat transfer and more even temperature distribution in the bed.
used with dry fuels or fuels which have a low ash melting point.
However, they are usually larger than bubbling fluidised bed systems, and therefore
A rotating grate consists of contra-rotating conical grate sections. It is underfed by more expensive.
screw conveyors and supplied with primary air from below. Ash makes its way to the
outside edge of the circular grate and falls into a basin beneath the grate. This type
of grate ensures good mixing of the un-burnt and burning fuel and is therefore well
suited to the use of wet fuels.
MW power
In a vibrating grate, primary air is supplied through the fuel from below in an
inclined finned tube wall. The vibrations cause the fuel and ash to progress down
the inclined grate. This type of grate is used for fuels which have a tendency to
form slag as the vibrations prevent the formation of large particles. However, the
vibration increases the emission of fly-ash and the fuel and ash transport are
difficult to control.
Underfed stokers are also available whereby fuel is fed into the combustion
chamber from below, usually by a screw auger. The fuel is usually moved up on to
a grate and primary air is supplied through the grate. This technology is relatively
low cost and quite reliable.

8 9
 Good quality CHP is defined by the quality index (QI) of a scheme as specified by
Combined heat and power Defra. The QI is a function of the electrical power generation efficiency and the heat
It is often feasible to utilise biomass in direct combustion production efficiency. The criteria used when calculating the QI is dependent on the
processes to provide heat only. This generally requires less technology employed, fuel used and capacity.
capital investment than the cogeneration of heat and power Most examples of biomass CHP schemes are currently located in Europe (mainly
but does not yield such high overall efficiencies. Austria, Germany, Denmark and Italy). However, there is growing interest in the UK.

Gasification Steam turbines

Gasification systems are included under Steam turbines are generally suitable
the CHP category (see section for electricity or CHP plants using
REF_Ref235375789\r\h0 for a description biomass fuel, with an electrical output
of gasification). Gasification technology of greater than around 2MW up to
can be used to produce synthetic gas large-scale generation schemes of
that can subsequently be used in a gas many megawatts. Steam turbine
CHP is the cogeneration of heat and electrical power. CHP can offer savings in CO2 engine to cogenerate heat and electrical manufacturers and suppliers are not
emissions when compared to separate heat production and electricity generation, power. Manufacturers of gas engines are included in the directory, rather the
due to increased overall efficiency. Electricity is usually generated by thermal not listed in this directory but those of manufacturers and suppliers of the
processes whereby combustion of a fuel provides the motive power to drive an gasification systems are. appropriate boilers have been identified.
electrical generator. Such processes generate heat as a by-product. Where a demand
for heat co-exists with electricity consumption, the usable waste heat from thermal Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) turbines Biomass steam boilers are available
electricity generation can be utilised. The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is to suit this range of steam turbine
similar to the thermodynamic cycle of capacities.
CHP schemes have successfully been implemented in the hospitality industry, leisure a conventional steam turbine except
industry, education sector and process industries. Many CHP schemes are fuelled by Steam turbines
in the choice of fluid that drives the
mains gas, although solid and liquid fuelled systems are also available. Equipment Steam engines (reciprocating and screw
turbine. ORC turbines use an organic
can be selected to utilise renewable forms of fuel, such as solid combustible biomass, type engines) can be used with biomass-
fluid as the working medium (rather than
although these are currently less common. fired steam raising boilers to generate
water) to produce steam. The working
heat and power.
The technology employed for the prime mover (required to drive the generator) is medium can be silicon, hydrocarbon or
generally dependent on the capacity required or fuel to be used. Smaller systems refrigerant-based fluids depending on Steam screw engines operating on
can use stirling engines, steam engines or reciprocating internal combustion engines the temperature of the available heat a similar principle to a screw compressor,
and large capacity plant often use gas or steam turbines. Other types are available source. This allows operation at relatively except as an expansion machine
depending on the size and application. The ratio of power to heat varies with the low temperatures (70oC to 300oC). rather than a compression device,
technology used. are applicable to small-scale power
ORC technology has been mainly
generation. However, this technology
Two of the factors which determine the viability of investment in CHP are the relative utilised for heat recovery from waste
is not common and has not been
price of fuel used and the financial value of the electricity generated. The larger heat streams associated with industrial
included in the directory due to the
the difference (higher electricity price and lower fuel price) the more favourable are processes and is also well known in
small number of examples.
the conditions for operating CHP. It is also important to ensure there is a use for geothermal applications. However, it
as much of the heat generated as possible. This may depend upon the thermal is now being applied successfully with Reciprocating steam piston engines can
output of the CHP system. Gas engines, for example, produce a mixture of low grade biomass boilers providing the heat source. be used for the cogeneration of heat
and high grade heat, but a particular process site may have little or no need for low and power. Steam engines can be
ORC generators are generally available in
grade heat, but have a requirement for steam. operated with low pressure saturated
capacities of around 0.3MWe to 2MWe
steam and are more tolerant of wet
Additional benefits of CHP include: and are well suited to part load operation,
steam and other contaminants than
giving increased flexibility. Efficiencies
Exemption from the Climate Change Levy (CCL)3 on all fuel inputs to and electricity steam turbines. Whilst no UK examples
3 CCL is a tax on energy of around 17% to 18% can be expected,
outputs from Good Quality CHP (see below) use. The aim of the have been found, this technology is
levy is to encourage which is usually higher than that of
consumers to improve well developed in Europe and the main
Eligibility for Enhanced Capital Allowances (ECA)4 on Good Quality CHP systems energy efficiency, a steam turbine of comparable size.
reduce energy use
manufacturer of this equipment is
Dedicated biomass fuelled CHP will earn 2 ROCs/MWh from 2009 and reduce emissions included in the directory.
of greenhouse gases.
4 ECA is a scheme which
allows organisations
to write off the whole
of the capital cost of
their investment in
qualifying technologies
against their taxable
profits of the period
during which they
make the investment.

10 11
Advanced conversion technologies Pyrolysis
Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of biomass and occurs when the biomass
This section includes systems which use gasification and pyrolysis. feedstock is heated in the absence of oxygen. This produces gas (syn-gas), solid
These technologies can be deployed in the waste management (char) and liquid oil (olefin). The gas and oil can be used to fuel an engine, turbine
sector using municipal solid waste (MSW) and refuse-derived fuel or boiler. The char can be recovered and used as a fuel, or gasified.
(RDF). Gasification and pyrolysis are also applicable to the use Gasification systems generally include a pyrolysis stage. However, systems which are
based purely on pyrolysis are being developed. This technology is currently less well
of woody biomass, food waste, agricultural residue and industrial developed than gasification although there are some examples of these systems
waste material. being installed.

Gasification
The use of biomass gasification enables a useful gas to be produced from the
biomass feedstock. The gas, when cleaned, can be used in a reciprocating engine
to generate electricity. A further use for the gas can be in direct heating applications
as a replacement for other fuels such as oil or natural gas.
The production of gas from biomass, particularly wood, has a long history.
The gasification technology was developed in the 1930s and was used extensively
during the Second World War to produce a fuel which could be used in motor vehicles.
There are three main types of gasifiers: down-draught gasifiers, up-draught gasifiers
and fluidised bed gasifiers. The latter category can further be split into a number
of sub-categories.
Down-draught gasifiers are the most widespread type, and can be used up to sizes of
about 2 to 3MW thermal. Various manufacturers use different methods, but overall
the principle is as follows. Biomass fuel is introduced at the top of the gasifier, through Energos plant diagram
a pressure lock feeding system. The biomass enters the first zone where it undergoes
pyrolysis. It passes through a throat in the gasifier into the combustion (oxidation)
zone and then into a reduction zone where the wood-derived gas is taken off.
Some ash/char continues to the bottom of the gasifier where it passes through
a pressure lock. The gas produced has a low calorific value and high tar content with
some entrained ash. The tar and particulates must be removed by a gas cleaning
system in order to be used in a gas engine. Some manufacturers have a variation on
this system whereby two gas streams are produced; the first is a tar-rich stream which
is burnt for heat and the second stream is much cleaner and can be used for power
generation. It has been difficult to scale the down-draught gasifier to larger sizes,
and so larger installations have a number of modules all producing gas in parallel.
However, down-draught gasifiers are now used extensively in small biomass CHP plants.
Up-draught gasifiers are not used much for power applications because of the high tar
content of the gas. A typical example is the Bioneer gasifier used in Finland in small
district heating schemes.
Fluidised bed gasifiers can be further broken down by operational type. These are
generally at a much larger scale. Low pressure circulating fluidised bed gasifiers
can be scaled to sizes up to 100MW. Low pressure bubbling fluidised bed gasifiers
are more suited to the 15 to 40MW scale. Pressurised fluidised bed gasifiers have
promise in integrated combined cycle plants and have been developed in pilot plants.
One interesting variation is the fixed and fluidised bed biomass gasification plant
developed at the Gussing plant in Austria, which uses steam injection to produce
a higher calorific value gas which can have further use as a synthetic natural gas.

12 13
At-a-glance manufacturer
information

14 15
Company summary table

Foster Wheeler Global Power

Babcock & Wilcox Vlund

Spilling Energie Systeme

Vyncke Energietechniek
KARA Energy Systems
Biomass Engineering

Ness Wrmetechnik
Kablitz and Mitthof
Hollensen Energy
Graveson Energy
Doosan Babcock

LIN-KA ENERGY
Inetec TherMec

Puhdas Energia
Byworth Boilers

Keppel Seghers

Waste2energy
James Proctor
Biomass CHP

Bono Sistemi

Ethos Energy

Metso Power
AE&E Group

Weiss Kessel
Polytechnik
ICI Caldaie

Schmid AG

Uniconfort
MW Power
ITI Energy
Danstoker

ENERGOS

MAWERA

TK Energi

Turboden
Kohlbach
Adoratec

Bioflame

Xylowatt
Ranheat
Entimos

Repotec
Aalborg

Bioener

Justsen
Imtech

Martin

Refgas

Wykes
Binder

Eratic

TPS
KIV
<3MW x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
310MW x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
>10MW x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Thermal oil x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Steam x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Organic rankine cycle x x
From gasification/pyrolysis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Steam turbine x x x x
Steam engine x x
Gasification x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Pyrolysis x
Wood pellets/briquettes x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Wood chip x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Clean wood processing waste x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Clean sawdust and sanding dust x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Particle/fibreboard dust x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Treated waste wood x x x x x x x x x
Clean waste wood x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Clean timber, processing residues x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Food and drink, processing residues x x x x x x x x x x x
Fibreboard & plywood residue x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Rice husk/olive stones, etc. x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Animal processed by-products x x x
Chemical residues (e.g. liquor) x x x x
Paper pulp residues and sludge x x x x x x x x x x
Paper and cardboard x x x x x x x x x x
Leather processing waste x x
Refuse-derived fuel x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Textiles waste and residues x x x x x x x x
Plastic waste x x x x x x x x x
Agrifibres and straw x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Grains, seed waste, etc. x x x x x x x x x

16 17
Summary table
This table shows which boilers within this directory are steam
raising, the quantity of steam they can produce (tonnes per hour),
the pressure (bar) and thermal capacity (megawatts), where known.

Steam raising boilers: Steam raising boilers:

Part1 Part2

Companies Technical info Companies Technical info

Tonnes per hour Pressure Megawatts Tonnes per hour Pressure Megawatts
(t/h) (bar) (MW) (t/h) (bar) (MW)
AE&E Group <500t/h 100bar <400MW KARA Energy Systems 20bar <15MW
Babcock & Wilcox Vlund 325t/h 20MW Keppel Seghers <1.530t/h <70MW
Binder KIV 60bar 0.825MW
Bioener 2080MW Kohlbach 0.536bar <15MW
Bono Sistemi <150t/h <50bar <3.545MW LIN-KA Energy <7.8t/h 816bar <5MW
Byworth <3t/h Martin <70MW
Danstoker <0.335t/h <32bar Mawera <15MW
Doosan Babcock <30180t/h <110bar Metso Power 10600MW
Eratic <14MW MW Power 2236t/h 17.829MW
Foster Wheeler Global Power <270t/h Ness Warmtechnik 228t/h <30bar <50MW
Hollensen Energy <15MW Polytechnik 36bar <20MW
ICI Caldaie 12.55.8MW Ranheat <5MW
Imtech 520MW Schmid AG Wood-Firing Systems 532bar <1.2MW
Inetech Thermec TPS <40MW
James Proctor <20t/h <100bar <12MW Uniconfort 0.725bar <5.8MW
Justsen <300kW15MW Vyncke Energietechniek 2100MW
Kablitz and Mitthof <110bar <40MW Weiss Kessel <500t/h 100bar <15MW

18 19
Detailed manufacturer
information

20 21
UK map
The following map shows one example for each manufacturer in
the UK, where installations exist or permission has been given.

25

1 Aalborg Energie Technik Page 24

2 AE&E Group Page 26
3 Binder Page 28 2
4 Bioener ApS Page 29
5 Bioflame Page 30
6 Biomass CHP Ltd Page 31 24
7 Biomass Engineering Ltd Page 32
8 Byworth Boilers Page 34
26 20
9 Danstoker Page 35
10 Energos Ltd Page 37 25 6
11 Ethos Energy Page 40
12 Foster Wheeler Global Power Page 41 12
13 Graveson Energy Management Ltd Page 42
14 ICI Caldaie Page 44 5
13
15 ITI Energy Ltd Page 47
16 Kablitz and Mitthof Page 50
17 KARA Energy Systems Page 51
21 9
18 Keppel Seghers (site under construction) Page 52 15
14
19 Martin GmbH Page 56 18
20 Metso Power Page 58
16
21 MW Power Page 59
22 Ranheat Engineering Page 63
23
23 Refgas UK Page 64
24 Turboden Srl Page 70 4

25 Vynke Energietechniek Page 72

27
26 Waste2energy Page 73
27 Wykes Engineering Page 75
7
1
19
11 17
8

10

22 23
Aalborg Energie Technik A/S
Aalborg Energie Technik A/S (AET) is an engineering company,
based in Denmark, which designs, supplies and provides servicing
on complete biomass-fired boilers, CHP and power plants.
Adoratec
Partnered with Maxxtec AG, Adoratec have developed the ORC
combined heat and power station. Their services include the
development from the initial concept through to delivery of
an economic solution for the clients needs. Clarke Energy UK
joined forces with Maxxtec in 2007, to provide an energy from
biomass solution with the ORC module.

Category Biomass-fired CHP plants, power plants and boiler plants. Category CHP Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)

Technical data Capacity 25MWth150MWth Technical data Capacity 500kWe2.5MWe

Fuel Sustainable forestry wood is the typical fuel, but more or less any type Fuel Woody biomass
of biomass can be used as a fuel source; this includes also recycled wood Output Electricity and hot water applications (dryers or heating systems)
Output Electricity and heat
Equipment & The ORC technology involves a steam-power system using an organic medium
Equipment & AET boiler technology is based on a spreader stoker-fired boiler with travelling technology evaporated at low boiling conditions, instead of water. The steam is released
technology grate. The boiler is a single drum natural circulation steam boiler. into the turbine to power the generator to produce electricity. However, the
steam pressure is considerably lower, does not require high pressure technology
Specially developed components include fuel dosing bin with dosing screws, fuel
and simplifies the plant operation. Due to the thermodynamic characteristics of
spreader, travelling grate and SNCR plant for injection of ammonia in the furnace.
the used media, the partial loading capability of ORC plants is superior and the
efficiency achieved is higher than comparable steam plants.
Examples There are many examples in Europe and Scandinavia, but the only UK site is
the Western Wood Energy Project. AET have worked with Burmeister & Wain
Examples There are many examples of this plant in Europe, but there are no known sites
Scandinavian Contractor A/S in a joint venture to provide the turnkey project for
in the UK using biomass for this type of CHP plant.
the biomass-fired power station in Wales.
The plant in Wales has an AET M1050 boiler that is fuelled by sustainable
forestry wood and clean uncontaminated residues from wood processing (chips,
logs and sawdust). The wood is received, stored, chipped and mixed before being
fed to the combustion system. The 16.5MW turbine is from Mitsui Engineering &
Shipbuilding. The plant was completed in 2008, and is the first biomass-fired power
plant in Wales.
Aalborg Energie Technik has also converted Glanford Power Station near
Scunthorpe from burning 100% chicken litter to operating on 100% meat and
bone meal (MBM) as the sole fuel source.

Contact UK contact Contact UK supplier

Aalborg Energie Technik A/S Lars Broenden Adoratec Clarke Energy UK

T +45 96 32 80 0 T +45 26 30 07 32 T +49 (0) 4315 708 924 T 0151 546 4446
W www.aet-biomass.com E lb@aet-biomass.com W www.adoratec.com W www.clarke-energy.co.uk
24 25
AE&E Group
AE&E Group is an international provider of systems for thermal
power generation and environmental technologies, and offers
customised solutions for components, systems and turnkey.
Babcock & Wilcox Vlund
Babcock & Wilcox Vlund is 100% owned by The Babcock &
Wilcox Company in Barberton, Ohio, USA. The company is
a leading supplier of equipment and technologies designed
to convert household waste and bio-fuels into thermal energy.

Category Boilers Steam Category Boilers Hot water, steam

Technical data Capacity Up to 400MWth (150MWe)
Fuel Bark and wood, sludge, RDF (refuse-derived fuel), plastic waste, coal
and coal residues, biomass, sewage sludge, agricultural waste, pulp
and paper industry residues, RDF, waste wood, various liquors and
diverse other fuels
Output Steam and electricity
Equipment & PowerFluid Fluidised bed boiler: 50500t/hr steam, up to 400MWth (150MWe)
technology output fuelled by 640MJ/kg, bark and wood, sludge, RDF (refuse-derived fuel),
plastic waste, coal and coal residues and diverse other fuels
EcoFluid bubbling fluidised bed boiler: 5250t/hr steam, up to 200MWth
and up to 75MWe output, fuelled by 320MJ/kg, biomass, sewage sludge,
agricultural waste, pulp and paper industry residues, RDF, waste wood, other
fossil fuels
Examples Bischofferode, Germany has a PowerFluid system a circulating fluidised bed
boiler with reheat using natural woodchips and untreated wood waste. It has
a steam output of 58.857.4t/hr at 535C and 13025.4bar pressure.
Hallein, Austria has an EcoFluid boiler a bubbling fluidised bed boiler using
wood waste, bark, sawdust and rejects.
The only example of this technology in use in the UK is Abengoa SA for Energy
Power Resources Ltd, Westfield, where AE&E were responsible for the engineering,
supply, erection and commissioning of an EcoFluid bubbling fluidised bed boiler
plant and condensation turbine fuelled by poultry litter. The plant provides 47t/hr
of steam at 60bar and 460C with an electric output of 11MWe.
CHP Gasification/pyrolysis, steam turbine
ACT Gasification
Technical data Capacity Up to 30MW and beyond depending on the client specification
Fuel All types of waste, biomass, peat, RDF
Output Waste or biomass to energy systems steam, hot water and
district heating and the possibility of biomass co-firing
Output Gasification systems electricity
Equipment & W-grate (BS) water or air-cooled suitable for combusting all types of waste
technology with efficient combustion ensuring very low CO2 emission and minimal unburnt
organic compounds in combustion gases
W-grate (BS) Mark 6 water-cooled suitable for combusting high calorific
value refuse
W-grate (Vlund) air-cooled suitable for combusting all types of waste
W-grate (Vlund) water-cooled for combusting high calorific value refuse
Steam production; 335t/h
vibration grate (HVB) water-cooled for combustion of biomass, peat or
RDF with little or almost no ash content and a heat output of 2.5MW/m2
gasification: up-draught gasification up to 1MWth
Examples 100t/h steam boiler (92 bar) at 520C at Wanze bioethanol plant, Belgium is
fired primarily with bran, which is a residue from the milling of wheat grain used
for the production of ethanol. The steam from the boiler is expanded through
a steam turbine to provide low pressure steam for the heating processes in the
ethanol factory. The power is sold to the grid.
On the basis of an experimental 1MWth gasifier, built at Kynby in Denmark,
a commercial 3.5MW plant was built in 1996, in Harbore Municipality (Jutland,
Denmark) with a full-scale gasifier for the combined heat and power plant.

Contact UK contact Contact

AE&E Austria GmbH & Co KG Chris Coldwell Babcock & Wilcox Vlund

T +43 31 65 010 T 0191 252 6445 T +45 76 14 34 00

E info@aee-austria.at M 07850 736 352 E bwv@volund.dk
W www.aee-austria.at W www.aee.co.at W www.volund.dk/home
26 27
Binder
Binder is based in Brnbach, Austria. Binder has installed over
3,000 boilers across the world over the last 25 years. They have
thirteen sales and service centres in eleven countries. Binder boilers
have been applied to industrial process heat demands as well
as space heating.
Bioener ApS
Bioener ApS is a Danish registered company owned by the
Japanese companies Takuma Co Ltd and Itochu Ltd. The company
was established in 2002 when the straw-fired boiler technology
and patents were taken over from FLS Miljo a/s who, in turn,
had acquired the boiler company Burmeister & Wain in 1995.
Bioener ApS has over 30 biomass power stations in Europe and Asia.

Category Boilers Steam Category Boilers Steam

Technical data Capacity 30kWth20MWth Technical data
Output Low pressure hot water, steam
Fuel Up to 55% moisture content woodchip & up to 25% moisture content
pellets (wood, peat, atgro pellets)
Can be supplied as containerised boiler plant: up to 1.5MW
Equipment & Binder can produce a range of boiler types to suit the combustion of various fuels.
technology They can supply boilers with injection burners to burn dusty fuels (<15% moisture
content), solid retort burners with underfed stokers for granulated fuels, solid retort
burners for pelletised fuels, moving grate burners for high moisture content or high
ash content fuels with ram or auger stokers.
Fuels that can be used by Binder boilers include sawdust, wood shavings, waste
wood from furniture manufacture, forestry and arboricultural residues, bark,
reclaimed wood, energy crops, pomace and other food processing residues.
Capacity In the range of 10MWe/20MWth40MWe/80MWth
Fuel Straw (various), peat, wood, wood waste, wood chips and bark
Output Steam
Equipment & Bioener ApS specialises in the design, manufacture, erection and commissioning
technology of straw-firing and other biomass-fired energy power plants, including associated
equipment.
Examples Elean Power Station, Ely Business Park, Sutton, Cambridge, UK client Energy
Power Resources (EPR) Ely Ltd. This was the worlds largest straw-fired power
station (when completed in September 2000 by FLS Miljo) with a 38MWe output
from 26.3tonnes/hour of wheat straw.
Lanesborough Power Station, Ireland client Electricity Supply Board. This is
a peat-fired plant burning 180 tonnes/hour and built in 1983.

Examples In 2006 Wood Energy Ltd installed a 1.65MW Binder boiler at Strabane Mills in
County Tyrone. The boiler produces up to 2,000kg/hour of steam at 10 bar(g) for
process heat demands at the animal feed mill. The system uses locally derived
wood chip fuel (up to 55% moisture content) from a range of sources including
sawmill residues and short rotation coppice.
The boiler has a fully automatic cleaning system for the heat exchanger tubes and
exhaust gas recirculation to allow the combustion temperature to be controlled.
The Binder equipment also incorporates an exhaust gas cyclone to remove fly ash.

Contact UK supplier Contact

Binder Wood Energy Ltd Bioener ApS

T +43 31 42 22 54 4 T 0845 070 7338 T +45 72 17 00 15

E office@binder-gmbh.at E sales@woodenergyltd.co.uk E info@bioener.dk
W www.binder-gmbh.at W www.woodenergyltd.co.uk W www.bioener.dk
28 29
Bioflame Biomass CHP Ltd
Bioflame is an environmental engineering company, set up in Biomass CHP Ltd is a manufacturer of biomass gasification
2001 to develop a clean burn system for waste destruction. systems based in Northern Ireland. The technology was
The initial burners were used in Central America and burnt coffee developed under the previous names B9 Energy Biomass Ltd
husk waste to provide heat for drying coffee. In the UK, the and Exus Energy Ltd.
system has been developed to be fully compliant with all relevant
legislation. Three heat-only plants have been established burning
food waste, agricultural production waste and railway sleeper
waste respectively.

Category CHP Gasification/pyrolysis Category CHP Gasification/pyrolysis

ACT Gasification ACT Gasification

Technical data Capacity 13MWe (0.5MWe demonstration plant), up to 7MWth Technical data Capacity 3,200 tonnes wet wood per year
Fuel Wood waste (MDF, chipboard, plywood, painted wood, laminated Output 300kWe electricity and 300kWth hot water
wood) and clean waste timber (old pallets and off-cuts from timber Fuel Fresh wet woodchip
manufacture)
Output Hot air, hot water or steam.
Equipment & Biomass CHP has developed a process based on down-draught gasification of
technology wood and power generation using a high performance gas engine. Biomass CHP's
Equipment & The patented Bioflame ATTU (Advanced Thermal Treatment Unit) has high efficiency gasifier and gas cleaning system produces gas that is sufficiently
technology a combustion temperature in excess of 1100C and uses the residence chamber to clean to facilitate continuous operation of a high efficiency gas engine driving
allow for 3.9 seconds of residence time for the combustion process. The process is a generator. Typical units are sized in the 200kWe to 300kWe output range with
fully WID compliant. the same level of heat production, although larger plants can be built in a modular
form utilising multiple gasifiers and larger engine/generator sets.
Variety of feedstock currently projects are specified to use low grade wood
waste in the UK as the current legislative climate makes wood waste the most Heat from the process is used to dry the wood and to pass out to other applications
attractive and appropriate waste to turn into electricity, but the technology can be such as space heating. The process is environmentally friendly, efficient, is fully
used for any agricultural, organic and process wastes. automated and can run unattended for extended periods.
There is no liquid effluent and the exhaust gas meets UK Clean Air Act
Examples Bioflame commissioned its 0.5MWe output demonstration plant, in Pickering, requirements.
in January 2008. The plant burns locally sourced low grade wood waste that would
otherwise go to landfill. The system burns under Waste Incineration Directive
Examples Commercial plant is installed in Larne, Northern Ireland, with a capacity of 300kWe
(WID) conditions and therefore the presence of these contaminants does not
and 300kWth. It uses 3,200 tonnes per year fresh wet woodchip. It will produce
affect the ultimate clean emission from the system. The heat generated from
1.8GWhe and 1.8MGhth per year. Higher outputs would be available if dryer fuel
the combustion unit is fed into a boiler, which in turn generates steam to power
were to be used, up to 600kWth output. The standard plant cost 700,000, and
a steam turbine. At this particular site the boiler produces around 6.5 tonnes
comes containerised, as five standard 40 containers, three mounted on the ground
of steam and the turbine and generator set will produce around 0.6MW of
and two above.
electrical power.
Bioflame has built a 2.5m demonstration power station running on local wood
waste at its base within the North Yorkshire National Park with the help of FEY
and Yorkshire Forward. This site is fully commissioned and exporting electricity to
the National Grid. The company looks for partners with access to a fuel supply of
28,00030,000 tonnes/yr to form a joint venture company for power generation.

Contact
Bioflame Ltd Contact
Biomass CHP Ltd
T 01751 472 831
E enquiries@bioflame.com W www.biomasschp.co.uk
30 W www.bioflame.com 31
Biomass Engineering Ltd
Biomass Engineering Ltd is a volume producer of biomass
gasification systems with full design and manufacture in-house
from a purpose-built 90,000 square feet facility in the north
west of England. The system has been developed over 15 years,
originally by Shawton Engineering, and is now fully commercialised.
Bono Sistemi
Bono Sistemi designs and manufactures biomass-fired steam
generators and thermal fluid heaters using a variety of waste fuels
such as olive husks, rice husks and woodchip. The plant is most
applicable to the food and the wood industry, where the production
wastes, such as wood chips, sawdust, husks, etc. can provide fuel for
both process heat and electric power. The boilers are also suitable
for CHP application on district heating schemes.

Category CHP Gasification/pyrolysis Category Boilers Thermal oil, steam

ACT Gasification CHP Steam turbine

Technical data Capacity Standard range is 250275kWe, 450600kWth, and multiple Technical data Capacity Steam boiler: 3.5MW45MW
modules thereof Thermal oil generator: 3MW12MW
Fuel Wide range of clean wood biomass feedstocks District heating: 0.6MWe and 2.8MWth to 2MWe and 8.7MWth
Output Hot water and electricity Fuel Woodchip, sawdust, rice husks, olive husks, bark, grape residue
and sorgum
Steam Pressure: up to 50 bar
Equipment & The technology is a down-draught gasifier combined heat and power system in
Temperature: up to 450C
technology a standard, modularised format. It is coupled with a gas engine. Clean biomass fuel
Saturated steam: 5t/h to 60t/h
at 10 to 20%mc is fed into the top of each gasifier at a rate of approx 250kg/hour.
Temperature in/temperature out: 250C/300C
The gasifier has pyrolysis, oxidation and reduction sections whereby the fuel is
gasified. The resulting gas is cleaned using ceramic filters, which are purged using
Equipment & A variety of fuel feed systems allow a range of fuels to be used. The reciprocating
nitrogen. It is a low tar gas produced by careful pressure control. The cooled gas is
technology gate is state of the art combustion technology suitable for any kind of biomass,
fed to spark ignition gas engines with generators. The waste heat from these can
ranging from high moisture content dump waste or virgin wood, dusty biomass and
form the heat output into the heat mains. The resulting waste char and dust is
low specific gravity feed stock (such as rice husk).
collected in containers. The system is fully automatic and has a fully computerised
control system.
Examples We understand that there are no installations from this manufacturer in the
United Kingdom.
Examples Merthyr Industrial (Biomass) Services Ltd. A multi module 1MWe wood gasification
plant in an industrial unit in South Wales. The plant exports renewable electricity
to the grid and has the capacity to provide heat for use elsewhere on the industrial
estate. The site comprises a fuel feed system, four gasifier and filter modules,
gas cleaning and cooling skid, two wet electrostatic precipitators and 2 x500kWe
Jenbacher engines.
Other sites are in operation in the UK and Germany, and works are progressing at
entering the markets in Italy, Spain and Latvia.
Visit this address to see a video of a working plant:
www.youtube.com/user/BiomassEngineeringUK

Contact
Biomass Engineering Limited Contact
Bono Sistemi
T 01925 295 959
E info@biomass.uk.com T +39 02 55 30 28 48
W www.biomass.uk.com W www.bono.it
32 33
Byworth Boilers
Byworth Boilers are based in the UK and have been manufacturing
boilers for over 35 years, and have a large fleet of trailer-mounted
hire boilers. The packaged boiler systems are traditional three
pass wetback shell boilers for industrial process applications and
commercial heating. Their boilers can be supplied with burners from
a range of manufacturers. Mobile truck-mounted boiler systems are
also available.
Category Boilers Steam
Technical data Capacity Up to 12MW (hot water), 18t/hour (steam)
Fuel Wood pellets, biogas, waste heat, fossil fuels
Output Hot water, steam
Equipment & The Byworth range includes oil and gas-fired hot water and steam boilers as well as
technology waste heat boilers. There is a wood pellet boiler currently under development.
Byworth Boilers are the only boiler available in the UK to offer X-ID high efficiency
boiler tube. Heat transfer from tubes to water is increased by over 80%, adding,
usually, over 2% to overall boiler efficiency.
Examples Byworth have been working with the Regional Development Agency for the
Yorkshire and Humber region, Yorkshire Forward, to develop a wood pellet-fuelled
boiler. It is based on a proven design of coal boiler. The project includes the
development of the stoker, ash removal equipment and flue gas grit arrester.
They are also engaged in projects to use organic waste such as food processing
waste, whey, distillery spent wash and crop waste to produce biogas (from
anaerobic digestion), which can be used to fuel their boilers.
Three boilers have recently been installed at Kings College Hospital in London, in
a new energy centre. Two of these boilers produce 10,000kgs/hr of steam, utilising
heat from the CHP engine exhaust gases.
Contact
Byworth Boilers
T 01535 665 225
E sales@byworth.co.uk
W www.byworth.co.uk
34
Danstoker
This Danish firm have been making biomass boilers for 50 years
(they also produce fossil-fuelled boilers). The company has been
in operation for 75 years and sells boilers around Europe. They do
not manufacture combustion systems or feed systems and normally
supply their boilers to other companies who provide a turnkey
design, supply and installation service.
Category Boilers Steam
Technical data Capacity Steam boilers: from 300kg steam/h to 35,000kg steam/h and a design
pressure up to 32 bar
Fuel Forest residues, bark, sawmill/construction waste, sawdust, wood
pellets, fruit stones, straw and agrifibres, textile waste (every boiler is
adapted to suit the special characteristics of the fuel to be used)
Equipment & Danstoker has specialised in horizontal and vertical bio-fuel boilers. The range
technology includes hot water boilers, high pressure hot water and steam. The boilers vary
for different sizes and purposes with triple pass fire tube boilers being used for
hot water and, if required for steam raising, these are combined with water-tube
sections for operating pressures up to 30 bar. Typically, the boilers are fitted with
the Danstoker automatic pneumatic cleaning system.
The Danstoker steam boiler, type DHF, is a 3-pass fire-tube boiler with open
bottom and well-dimensioned furnace-tube with cylindrical upper part, intended for
combustion of solid fuel. The DHF boiler is designed to give complete combustion
of the fuel and at the same time optimise the radiant heat in the furnace-tube,
whereas the convection heat is maximised in the two subsequent fire-tube
sections, all of which results in high efficiency and low fuel consumption. Danstoker
boilers can operate with stokers, step grates or chain grates.
Examples The joinery manufacturer Premdor, in Barnsley, uses a 5MW Danstoker steam
boiler producing 7.5t/hr steam at 8 bar.
Contact UK contact
Danstoker Danstoker UK Ltd
T +45 99 28 71 00 T 07921 773 580
E info@danstoker.dk E pe@danstoker.com
W www.danstoker.dk W www.danstoker.dk
35
Doosan Babcock Energy Ltd
Doosan Babcock is a multi-specialist energy services company
operating in the thermal power, nuclear, petrochemical, oil and gas
and pharmaceutical industries. It is also a leading international
steam generation OEM (original equipment manufacturer) and
supplier of clean, efficient coal-powered technology. Doosan
Babcock has a long history of licensing its technology, which
includes large power plant co-firing technology with 2025%
biomass heat input co-fired with coal, and small scale fluidised
bed technology combusting 100% biomass for process heat.
Category Boilers Steam
Technical data Capacity 5MWe to 50MWe
Fuel A wide variety of fuels can be handled, if consistent in quality and size
Output 30180t/hr of steam at up to 110bar pressure
Equipment & Doosan Babcock biomass technology uses bubbling bed fluidised boilers and is
technology suitable for the generation of steam for process or power generation. Steam outlet
conditions typically range from saturation up to 520C.
Existing examples of biomass fuels used include waste from the sugar industry
(cane and beet), woodchip and bark, agrowaste, sludge. Municipal waste cannot
be handled unless it is pelletised.
Examples A current ongoing project is the supply of a fluidised bed boiler to produce 55te/hr
of steam at 64bar pressure and 460C boiler for a whisky distillery in Scotland.
The fuel is the spent grain from the distillery. The steam is used for process,
however if used for power generation would probably generate about 10MWe.
It is due to be commissioned in 2010.
Contact
Doosan Babcock Energy Limited
T 01293 612 888
E enquiry@doosanbabcock.com
W www.doosanbabcock.com
36
ENERGOS Ltd
ENERGOS Ltd is part of the ENER-G PLC group and is the ENER-G
Groups specialist in gasification technology. It is a leading supplier
of small scale, proven energy from waste plants. ENER-G services
include full system design, supply, installation and servicing,
working with the food & beverage, pharmaceutical, paper and
automotive industries.
Category CHP Gasification
ACT Gasification
Technical data Developed for energy from waste requirements. Gasification on an
innovative duplex grate in modular form. Energy recovery steam
generator for thermal customer or integral power generation use.
Output Standardised boilers can deliver saturated steam or for superheated
steam (21/39 bar, 380C). Boilers with other steam parameters
can be provided.
Capacity Type 41 (13.5MWth/3.1MEe) and type 51 (16.4MWth/4.1MWe)
Waste Each line can utilise 40,000 tonnes of waste or SRF, multiple line
applications available to 160,000 tonnes. Very low emissions with
flue gas cleaning system.
Equipment & ENERGOS energy from waste plants has a patented two-stage thermal conversion
technology process. Drying and gasification of the fuel is carried out in the primary chamber
under sub-stoichiometric conditions. The synthetic gas generated in the primary
chamber is transferred to a separate secondary chamber where final high-
temperature oxidation takes place. A proprietary software system monitors and
controls the process. Recovered energy is converted into hot water or steam for
delivery of district heating, process steam and/or electricity. ENERGOS plants are
built as a modular approach with one or more processing lines in parallel to meet
customer requirements regarding energy production and fuel processing capacity.
Examples ENERGOS have constructed a plant on the Isle of Wight to add to the seven
already operational plants in Norway and Germany. The plant will generate
electricity from the 30,000 tonnes of residual waste being processed at the Island
Waste Services resource recovery facility.
Contact
ENERGOS Ltd
T 0845 683 7001
W www.energos.com
37
Entimos
Entimos Ltd was founded in 1997 and produces wood gasifier-
based combined heat and power plants. Wood gasification has
a long history in Finland. The basic idea of the original two-stage
wood gasification system was developed by the late Kustaa Saares.
The first prototype was developed in 1981, the second in 1996, in
co-operation with VTT Energy and the University of Oulu, Finland.
Eratic
Eratic SA, and its sister engineering company, CIS Engineering,
have been trading for over 40 years. As well as manufacturing and
maintaining biomass boilers, Eratic produce incinerators, gasifiers
and heat exchangers.

Category CHP Gasification Category Boilers Thermal oil, steam

ACT Gasification
Technical data Capacity 116kW14MW
Technical data Capacity Approx 1,300kW fuel input Fuel Waste wood (bark, sawdust, MDF, etc.), waste paper, food waste,
Output 300kWe/650kWth agricultural residues, animal wastes, industrial residues (contaminated
Fuel Woodchip liquids, paint sludge, etc.)
Output Electrical generation: 200kWe6MWe
Equipment & Uses a patented gasifier technology using combined up-draught and down-
technology draught gasification and producing two gas streams. The tar-heavy stream forming Equipment & Eratic SA manufactures and installs a wide range of boilers and associated
the counter flow is burnt directly to produce heat for the heat mains. The cleaner technology equipment, which are applicable in the following sectors: food, chemical,
gas from the forward flow goes to a gas engine to produce electricity. pharmaceutical, paper, furniture, hotel, hospitals, laundry, textile, construction,
The companys own design feeding, grate and ash removal systems are in use. car, metal, petrochemical, residues management, agricultural and naval.
Wood chips are gasified in an Entimos-gasifier and the produced gas is used in
an engine/generator set, which produces 300kW (net) of electricity and 650kW
Examples We understand that there are no installations in the United Kingdom.
(net output) of heat. The electricity is directed to the national grid and the heat is
used in district heating and for fuel drying.

Examples Lestijarvi CHP plant located in a small municipality in central Finland uses Entimos
gasifier technology to produce gas for the combined heat and power scheme.
It has been in operation since March 2008. Gross output is 400 kWe, net output
is 300kWe and 650kW of heat is also exported to the district heat mains. The plant
is operated by the local wood co-operative.
Tervola CHP bio power plant in Finland was built in 2001 with a capacity of
470kWe and 1.13MWth to the district heating mains with an overall efficiency of
81.5%. Investment cost was 1.3m in 1999.

Contact Contact
Entimos Eratic

T +358 (0) 40 54 76 62 0 T +34 96 15 48 516

W www.entimos.fi W www.eratic.es
38 39
Ethos Energy
Ethos Energy is a sister company to Ethos Recycling and is
a technology and energy business operating in the waste sector,
producing energy from waste using the processes of pyrolysis and
gasification. Ethos Energy's technology is a continuous process,
utilising the advantages of pure pyrolysis, followed by gasification
of the resulting char.
Category CHP Gasification/pyrolysis
ACT Gasification
Technical data Capacity From 1MWe/5MWth7MWe/25MWth
Fuel Broad waste streams can be used (MSW, clinical, industrial, sewerage,
etc.) Licensed for over 80% of the European Waste Catalogue
Output Heat and electricity
Equipment & Ethos Energy's technology is a continuous process, utilising the advantages of pure
technology pyrolysis, followed by gasification of the resulting char. The technology is available
in the following sizes:
ST150 small-scale unit (1,000tpa) initially developed for use on Royal Navy
ships, but ideally suited to on-site waste processing. Best suited to locations with
a heat load, up to 400 kW could be available for on-site processes.
MT4 suited to a small flow (up to 15,000tpa, but typically less) of high value
waste, such as clinical waste or on-site disposal of industrial wastes. It has the
potential to generate up to 1 MWe and approximately 5MWth.
MT8 designed for larger waste flows typically found in the municipal waste
market. It is designed for 30,000tpa (gate receipts may be 20% higher in
volume if combined with Eco Drying system) and is capable of exporting 3MW
of electricity and up to 11MWth of low grade heat.
MT16 designed to treat a sizeable proportion of larger settlement residual
MSW arisings. It can accept 60,000tpa of waste (gate receipts may be 20%
higher in volume if combined with Eco Drying system), and can export up
to 7MWe and 25MWth of low-grade heat. The plant consists of two parallel
MT8 lines.
Examples Avonmouth The original Avonmouth Plant (A1), designed and built by Compact
Power (now Ethos Energy), has been successfully operating since 2001. Ethos
Recycling Ltd has operated A1 since January 2008. No electricity is generated at
A1 because Ethos can reclaim approximately five times more energy in the form of
steam for sterilisation than it could by using the same steam in a turbine (to create
electricity). The plant produces around 2MWth.
Contact
Ethos Energy
T 0844 844 1306
E info@ethosrecycling.co.uk
40 W www.ethosenergy.co.uk
Foster Wheeler Global Power (Foster Wheeler Energia)
Foster Wheeler is a global company with two groups: Engineering
and Construction Group and Global Power Group. Foster Wheeler
Global Power produces boilers for heat and electricity generation
based on bubbling fluidised bed (BFB), circulating fluidised bed
(CFB) technologies, with over 140 BFB boilers and 210 CFB units
in operation.
Category Boilers Steam
CHP Gasification
ACT Gasification/pyrolysis
Technical data Capacity Gasifiers, fixed bed and fluidised bed up to 10MWth and up to
150MWe, industrial grate boilers up to 270t/h steam
Fuel Gasifiers biomass, industrial and municipal waste, plastics, waste
paper and construction wood waste circulating fluidised bed boilers
(CFB) high moisture content waste with low emissions.
Industrial grate boilers, bubbling fluidised bed boiler, high moisture
content fuels
Output Electricity, steam
Equipment & The (BFB) technology is ideal for firing biofuels with high moisture content and
technology difficult ash characteristics, or fuels that are difficult to handle, such as sludges.
It can be applied effectively as a boiler retrofit for older stoker boilers and recovery
boilers. The (CFB) combustion process has the capability to fire a broad range of
fuel qualities from low-grade high-ash fuels, good quality bituminous and anthracite
coals to various biomass and waste fuels with low emissions. The CFBs can also
capture sulphur as the fuel burns and use low-cost selective non-catalytic reduction
(SNCR) to achieve ultra low NOx and SOx emissions in the furnace without the need
for additional flue gas cleaning equipment. Gasification technologies for use in lime
kilns include fixed bed, fluidised bed and entrained flow gasification.
Examples Sembcorp power station (30MWe), Wilton, Teeside Foster Wheeler designed,
built and commissioned the complete boiler island including the fuel handling
system, the biomass-fuelled (BFB) boiler (Foster Wheeler Global Power Groups BFB
biomass boiler), and the flue gas treatment system. The plant burns about 300,000
tonnes of wood per year from various sources including green and recycled wood.
Contact UK supplier
Foster Wheeler Global Power Harry Lampenius
T +35 81 03 93 11 T +35 81 03 93 61 37
W www.fwc.com E harry.lampenius@fwfin.fwc.com
41
Graveson Energy Management (GEM)
Graveson Energy Management Ltd (GEM) has developed an
advanced thermal conversion system that recovers energy from
a wide selection of waste materials. They were chosen by DEFRA
to construct a demonstrator unit at Scarborough that will divert
18,000 tonnes of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) from landfill
and provide electricity and locally utilisable waste heat using
pyrolysis technology.
Category CHP Gasification/pyrolysis
ACT Pyrolysis
Technical data Fuel The process can accept a wide range of feedstock materials from
domestic (MSW), industrial and agricultural sources such as sewage
sludge, rubber crumb, waste oils and other liquid waste, foodstuffs
and rendered animal by-products, bio-crops, treated and clean wood.
The fuel specification is simply a small particle size (<2mm in one
plane), with a moisture content range of 5%8%
Output Synthetic gas
Equipment & GEMs advanced thermal conversion process is described as flash pyrolysis.
technology It is the chemical decomposition of feedstock by intensive heat in the absence of
oxygen, also known as destructive distillation or cracking. This has been widely
used in the petro-chemical industry for many years. The converter module has
been designed to convert 1.5 tonnes per hour of suitable feed material into gas on
a continuous basis. Prepared fuel is continuously fed in via an auger mechanism
where heat instantly penetrates the particles, efficiently cracking them into
a synthetic gas. The gas is retained within the converter for up to 50 seconds to
maintain the heat transfer and maximise efficiency. It is then cooled and cleaned
before use.
Examples Scarborough Power, Seamer Carr, Scarborough is GEMs first full-scale plant in
the UK. It was part of DEFRAs New Technology Demonstrator Programme and
can process 25,000 tonnes of unsorted Municipal Solid Waste per annum. It is
a pyrolysis plant (including fuel store, dryer and thermal oxidiser) producing 2MW
of electricity per hour and 2.5MW of heat per hour (1.8MW net heat output
available for potential local utilisation). The GEM technology converts waste into
a synthetic gas through pyrolysis, which is then used in a reciprocating engine
to generate renewable power. The GEM process can be used on any carbon-based
waste. Commissioning was completed in February 2009.
Contact
Graveson Energy Management
T 01639 864 611
W www.gem-ltd.co.uk
42
Hollensen Energy (Focus Energy)
A Danish knowledge-based, project-oriented manufacturer
operating for 30 years, mainly supplying Scandinavian markets
but now extending to rest of Europe. The company is not simply an
equipment supplier but rather a full turnkey/consultancy company.
Hollensen developed a demonstration 1MW pilot biomass down-
draught gasification CHP plant in the 1990s. The CHP supplies
electricity to the grid and heat to the Hogild village heating
company in Denmark.
Category Boilers Steam
Technical data Capacity 400kW15MW
Fuel Wood, timber residues and waste wood from processing
Output Steam
Equipment & Dry wood systems, useful for the wood working industries, in the performance
technology range of 400kW3MW are based on the Biomaster P Boiler with horizontal piping
a compact, efficient installation which is suitable for new or existing buildings
or transportable containers. Installations that generate 4MW or more are based on
the Biomaster boiler, which uses vertical piping.
Plant uses dry biofuel such as pellets, briquettes, dry woodchip, sawdust and
shavings, or crop fuel in the form of cut straw, pellets, seed waste, grain and other
granulated biomass product suitable for incineration.
There are also wet wood systems suitable for the timber processing industries.
Focus Energy supplies hot water, high pressure hot water and steam boilers that
cover an output range of 400kW to 15MW. The boilers are designed to match
customer requirements and are adapted to suit specific demands. Woodchip fuel
with a moisture content of 2560% can produce efficiency levels in excess of
100%, through extracting heat from flue gases.
Examples No information is currently available.
Contact
Focus Energy
T +45 97 14 20 22
W www.focusenergy.dk
43
ICI Caldaie
ICI Caldaie was established in 1958 to manufacture steam boilers.
Since then, the company has been developing hot water and
thermal oil boilers for the domestic, commercial and industrial
sectors. The company has offices in Italy, UK, Spain, China,
Romania, Kazakhstan and Ukraine. Their Verona facility houses
a training centre that provides courses on steam and hot
water boilers.
Imtech
Imtech is a large European technical services provider in the
fields of electrical engineering, ICT and mechanical engineering.
Imtech has an annual turnover of more than 3.8 billion and over
22,500 employees. The biomass engineering is in two divisions,
one centred in the Netherlands (Imtech Industrial) and one in
Munich, Germany (Imtech Deutschland). The UK arm specialises
in advanced biogas from sewage systems.

Category Boilers Thermal oil, steam Category Boilers Steam

CHP Steam turbine
Technical data Capacity 12.5kW5.8MW
Fuel Woodchip, wood pellet, logs, sawdust, nut shells, rice husk, coconut shell Technical data Capacity 15MWe and a thermal power of 520MWth
Output Hot water, thermal oil, steam Output Electricity and hot water, steam
Fuel Wood, biomass and municipal waste
Plus Biomass steam-based CHP systems
Equipment & The commercial biomass range includes wood pellet boilers and gasifying log
Both moving grate and fluidised bed combustion systems
technology boilers up to 110kW and woodchip boilers up to 1.2MW.
High pressure water tube boilers
The Biotherm range of boilers provides LTHW, MTHW and steam with a range Heat from steam condenser and flue gas condenser
of duties from 348kW to 5.8MW or 500kg/hr to 8,333kg/hr.
Biotherm US Underfed stoker for fuel with moisture content <30% Equipment & Imtech Industrial (formerly Imtech Vonk) supplies biomass/wood-fired combined
Biotherm SG Screw fed for fuel with moisture content <55% technology heat/power installations with an electric power of 15MWe and a thermal power
Biotherm LF Hydraulic ram feed for fuel with moisture content <60% of 520MWth. Imtech in Germany supplies large combined heat and power
systems including wood, biomass and waste-fuelled systems, mostly for district
As well as hot water boilers, ICI Caldaie manufactures fossil fuel steam boilers up
heating and utilities.
to 20,000kg/hour and the associated equipment such as boiler blowdown vessels,
calorifiers and feedwater treatment plant.
Examples Vink Sion greenhouses, Netherlands, biomass steam CHP system producing
ICI Caldaie has also supplied waste heat recovery boilers to water companies in
1.15MWe, 5.3MWth using a high pressure 55bar water tube boiler.
the UK to produce steam from the exhaust gas of biogas engines. They can also
provide boilers that use biogas and biodiesel. Heligenkreuz biomass CHP plant Austria, using a fluidised bed, output 10MWe,
12MWth, input 150,000 tonnes per year of wood chips.
Examples There are two steam raising biomass boilers rated at 3.5t/hour currently The are no examples of biomass systems in the UK at present, although Imtech
(November 2009) being commissioned at Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester. UK have installed a fossil-fired district heating scheme for the Church End Estate,
Brent, London.

Contact UK contact
ICI Caldaie ICI Caldaie Ltd Contact UK contact
Imtech Industry International Imtech UK Ltd
T +39 04 58 73 85 11 T 0161 743 9595
E info.eng@icicaldaie.com E salesuk@icicaldaie.com T +31 (0) 52 45 99 22 2 T 01784 229 900
W www.icicaldaie.com W www.imtech.eu E info@imtech.co.uk
44 45
Inetec TherMec ITI Energy Ltd
Inetec is a specialised company with patented abrasive drying ITI Energy Ltd manufactures a compact and highly efficient
technology for converting food waste and non-recyclable thermal conversion technology based on an advanced gasification
packaging into heat energy. design. Combined with the most up to date, commercially available,
gas clean-up systems, the technology generates a synthetic gas
that is clean enough to fuel an internal combustion engine.

Category Boilers Steam Category CHP Gasification/pyrolysis

ACT Gasification
Technical data Capacity 28 tonnes per day of waste
Fuel Food waste and non-recyclable packaging waste including a variety of Technical data Capacity 1.7MWe and 2.0MWth
feedstock (food wastes, food sludge and slurry, sauces, out of date Fuel Difficult or negative value feedstock, e.g. leather waste
items, non-recyclable card, paper and some plastics), reducing waste to Output Gas for CHP
landfill by up to 80% Size 12m x 4m (approx 12m high)
Output Either heat on site or fuel for off-site use Cost Low costs show return on investment within 3 to 4 years

Equipment & On-site method for converting food and non-recyclable packaging into energy
technology and a mechanical process that can handle a wide variation of waste stream
components.
Thermec 2000 daily processing capacity, 2 tonnes (at 50% MC); biomass fuel
produced, 1 tonne. Operating cycle 24 hours. Energy 0.6MWth. Cost without energy
recovery, 250,000; cost with energy recovery, 600,000.
Thermec 4000 daily processing capacity, 4 tonnes (at 50% MC); biomass fuel
produced, 2 tonnes. Operating cycle 24 hours. Energy 1.7MWth. Cost without
energy recovery, 400,000; cost with energy recovery, 800,000.
Thermec 8000 daily processing capacity, 8 tonnes (at 50% MC); biomass fuel
produced, 4 tonnes. Operating cycle 24 hours. Energy 3.0MWth. Cost without
energy recovery, 700,000; cost with energy recovery, 1,200,000.
Equipment & The synthetic gas would power an internal combustion engine to drive an
technology electricity generating plant and the heat available from the exhaust can be
exported as hot water and used for district heating as part of a combined heat and
power (CHP) scheme, for industrial processes or to enable further power generation
from an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) process.
The technology was developed at Newcastle University, over ten years, to produce
a compact gasifier specifically designed to handle a wide range of difficult or
negative-value feedstock and is particularly suited to the conversion of refuse-
derived fuel (RDF) into energy.
Examples North Derbyshire project two ITI gasifiers with internal combustion engines
generating 3.2MW net output from locally sourced RDF feedstock, including 70%
biomass. There is a framework agreement with this client to develop a total of six
sites using ITI technology.

Contact Contact
Inetec ITI Energy

T 01656 746 439 T 01142 541 233

E sales@inetec.co.uk E sales@iti-energy.com
W www.inetec.co.uk W www.iti-energy.com
46 47
James Proctor Ltd
James Proctor Ltd is a fifth generation family business established
in 1875. They began with coal-fired technology but extended into
biomass-based technology approximately 11 years ago.
Justsen Energiteknik A/S
Justsen is based in Denmark and has been providing whole
system solutions since 1960. They have supplied more than
2,500 biomass heating plants to customers in Europe, North,
South and Central America.

Category Boilers Steam Category Boilers Steam

Technical data Chain grate stokers and reciprocating grate stokers Technical data Capacity 300kW15MW
Output 500kW6MW for process steam or CHP Fuel Woodchip, wood pellets and briquettes, clean wood waste,
contaminated wood waste, bark, peat, grain, husk
Reciprocating grate stokers and bubbling fluidised bed combustion
Output Hot water, thermal oil, steam (low pressure and high pressure)
Output <12MW, 20t/hr steam and 2MWe CHP
Fuel Woodchip up to 70% moisture content, wood pellets
Output Hot water, steam, CHP Equipment & Justsen boilers can burn a range of materials from clean wood pellets and high
technology moisture content wood waste to contaminated wood waste and grain husks.
They manufacture 3 pass and 5 pass boilers, underfed stokers, watercooled
Equipment & James Proctor has developed an efficient, cost effective boiler package which
moving grate systems, fuel handling equipment, automatic de-ashing systems
technology enables high moisture content biomass to be utilised as a low cost, environmentally
and filtration equipment.
friendly fuel. Their burners incorporate advanced controls, firebreak units and
variable speed drives to give unrivalled fuel savings and maximum efficiencies. Justsen systems have been applied to district heating systems, process steam
requirements and waste combustion.
A 1MW test boiler installed in their factory enables a customer to trial their fuel as
a demonstration. The use of water cooled grate systems allows the boiler temperature to be
controlled, allowing the use of a wide range of fuels of differing moisture contents.
Examples No examples are available in the UK, but James Proctor has recently commissioned
a wood pellet-fuelled system in Forssa, Finland producing 2MWth steam for Examples No examples are available in the UK, but Justsen commissioned a biomass-
a textile facility. fuelled steam raising boiler at Atlantic Industries (part of the Coca-Cola Export
Corporation) in Drogheda, Ireland in 2007. The boiler provides up to 6.3t/hour of
process steam at 7bar. The 3 pass boiler has an open bottom and cylindrical steam
drum and the moving grate is water cooled to ensure constant temperature.
See case study at www.justsen.dk/00028/

Contact
Contact Justsen Energiteknik A/S
James Proctor Ltd
T +45 86 26 05 00
T 01282 453 816 E justsen@justsen.dk
W www.jamesproctor.com W www.justsen.dk
48 49
Kablitz and Mitthof KARA Energy Systems (BIB Cochran)
Kablitz and Mitthof designs and delivers mainly energy centres for KARA Energy Systems is a global supplier of biomass combustion
the combustion of solid fuels "biomass" including fuel conveying systems, specialising in the conversion of solid fuels into energy
and feeding systems, grates, combustion chambers, removal and and the manufacture of fuel handling, combustion and clean up
cleaning systems and boilers. It was established in 1901, originally technology. BIB Cochran manufactures the boiler system.
manufacturing heat exchangers. Heat exchangers are still used
in the biomass plants, which allow fuels with low calorific values
to be burnt efficiently. Kablitz plants are used in any industries
burning waste wood to provide the production either with saturated
or overheated steam or hot water.

Category Boilers Thermal oil, steam Category Boilers Thermal oil, steam

Technical data Capacity Up to 40MW and beyond, as specified by client
Outputs Steam pressure up to 110 bar/temperature up to 510C and thermal oil
Fuel Wood chips, bark, chipboard, medium density fibreboard, waste wood,
rice husks, olives stones, other solid biomass
Feed water temperature 100OC to 190OC
Equipment & The biomass-fired steam boilers can be built vertically or horizontally, and can be
technology as large as 30m tall/long. Steam is produced within a water tube boiler with natural
circulation. Kablitz delivers whole power plants including fuel feeding system,
combustion and boiler system, ash removal system, flue gas cleaning, steam
turbine and generator, piping for water and steam, steel construction, assembly
and commissioning.
Examples Kablitz and Mitthof have designed and delivered over 500 boiler grate systems and
five power stations. A UK example is at Kronospan board mill at Chirk, Wrexham,
which is fired with virgin timber.
Other examples are given on the website.
Technical data Capacity 370 kW15MW
Fuel Dry fuel (flakes or sawdust from dried wood, fibre board, paper, card,
etc.) 8%25% moisture content
Output Thermal oil, steam (can be used with steam turbine for CHP)
Dry underscrew furnace, wet underscrew furnace, fixed sloping grate, hydraulic flat
grate, sloping hydraulic moving grate, cyclone burner
Fuel Small wood particles with 2540% moisture content, large wood
particles with 2060% moisture content, high ash content fuel, slow
burning materials, with 3070% moisture content thermal capacity up
to 5MW, fine sawdust or dust with moisture content of up to 15%
Equipment & KARA Energy Systems B.V. supplies various types of incineration systems for all
technology kinds of (biomass) wastes. Every installation is custom-made. Installations are
based on KARA Energy Systems B.V. designs. A variety of furnaces are available
depending on the fuel requirement. A range of boilers are available providing hot
water or steam, with pressures up to 20 bar and include a thermal oil boiler for high
temperature (200300C) applications.

Examples Slough Heat and Power Sloughs energy centre has a multi-fuelled BIB Cochran
vibrating grate boiler, fired by wood and fibre fuel (paper and cardboard based),
drives a 12MW pass-out steam turbine and two woodchip-fuelled Foster Wheeler
fluidised bed boilers that drive a 35MW steam pass-out turbine. The Energy Centre
generates 270GWh/yr which is sold via a Non-Fossil Fuel Obligation contract.

Contact
Richard Kablitz and Contact UK supplier
Mitthof GmbH KARA Energy Systems BIB Cochran Ltd

T +49 (0) 93 43 79 01 24 1 T +31 54 68 76 580 T 01461 202 111

E info@kablitz.de E kara@kara.nl E enquiries@bibcochran.com
W www.kablitz.com W www.kara.nl W www.bibcochran.com
50 51
Keppel Seghers
Keppel Seghers is the environmental division of the Keppel
Corporation and is a provider of comprehensive environmental
solutions, ranging from consultancy, design and engineering,
technology and construction, to operations and maintenance of
facilities. Their advanced technology solutions address a wide
spectrum of environmental issues such as solid waste, biosolids
and sludge treatment.
KIV Engineering
A Slovenian company established in 1947, began designing,
manufacturing and installing biomass boiler systems 30 years ago.
KIV also develops and produces bespoke WID-Compliant Energy
from Waste (EfW) systems.

Category Boiler Steam Category Boilers Thermal oil, steam

ACT Gasification
Technical data Capacity Waste to energy plants up to 70MWth and 12MWe + high pressure
steam for process applications, evaporator/combustor for sewage Technical data Capacity 1.3MWth25MWth
sludge up to 200 tonnes/day (at 22% dry solid content) Modul R-H-S Steam boiler up to 16 bar(g) pressure
Fuel Mixed industrial waste, municipal solid waste and paper, oily, sewage Rating 1.3MWth4MWth output (3 models)
and chemical sludge, and RDF (refuse-derived fuel) Input Water tube superheated steam boilers up to 60 bar(g)
Output Steam pressure (550oC), 12.5MWth to 25MWth input
TPVb with firebox
Equipment & The ZerofuelTM fluidised bed technology has been successfully applied to various Steam boiler up to 20bar(g) pressure, 412MWth output (5 models)
technology kinds of wastes such as municipal sludge, paper sludge, oily sludge, chemical Steam production of 0.75t/h up to 15t/h
sludge, RDF granules, wood residues, de-inking sludge, completely dried sludge, Water tube superheated steam boilers up to 60 bar(g) pressure (550C),
sewage sludge, etc. It can be used with or without energy recovery systems (steam, 12.5MWth to 25MWth
heat, electricity).
Fuel Wide variety from clean wood to sewage sludge
Output Hot water, thermal oil, steam, Energy from Waste gasification
Examples Keppel Seghers will provide the technology and also build an Energy-from-Waste
Combined Heat and Power Plant (EFW CHP plant) on behalf of Ineos Runcorn
Equipment & KIV supplies fully automatic turnkey biomass and EfW WID-compliant systems.
TPS Ltd (owned by Viridor Waste Management Limited, John Laing PLC and Ineos
technology The EfW systems are based on a proven air-cooled step grate and use a patented
Chlor). The plant, to be completed by 2012, will have a capacity to treat up to
two-stage combustion furnace design with similar boilers to the biomass systems
420,000 tonnes per year of RDF, and will be able to supply at full capacity some
up to 10 12MWth input. Larger systems use specialist water-tube boilers.
270,000MWh of electricity and 500,000 tonnes of steam per year into the internal
The output capacity of the EfW systems is 800kW25MWth. Four-line plants can
network of the Ineos Runcorn site. It features the companys water-cooled grate,
be designed to deal with 200,000t/yr of municipal solid waste/refuse-derived fuel
the horizontal boiler design integrated with prism technology, for enhanced heat
with a potential output of 26MWe net. KIVs gasification technology uses the
recovery, and double dry flue gas cleaning system.
same step grate technology that is used in the biomass boilers.

Examples No examples currently installed in the UK but the technology is installed in various
European countries. An EfW WID-compliant plant (18MWth input) has recently
been installed in Celje, Slovenia using gasification technology. The plant combusts
37,500 tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW), mixed with 7,500 tonnes of
sewage sludge cake annually. Power output will be 2.4MWe net, plus hot water for
approximately 500 dwellings.
Contact Contact UK supplier
Keppel Seghers UK Ltd KIV Engineering Energia Ltd

T 01902 733 798 T +38 63 70 34 111 T 01684 585 238

E info@keppelseghers.com E info@kiv.si E info@kiv-uk.com
W www.keppelseghers.com/home W www.kiv.si W www.kiv-uk.com
52 53
Kohlbach
Kohlbach is a family owned company based in Austria. Over the
last forty years they have installed over 1,000 biomass boiler
plants throughout Europe. Kohlbach is represented in the UK
and Ireland by Buccleuch BioEnergy Ltd. Applications include hot
water, thermal oil and steam boilers for use in individual space
heating, district heating, combined heat and power and process
heat applications.
LIN-KA ENERGY
LIN-KA ENERGY A/S based in Denmark is one of the world leaders
within the field of biomass heating and steam-raising plants.
The company has over thirty years of experience and know-how
on the combustion of biomass and also has particular expertise
with the utilisation of straw.

Category Boilers Thermal oil, steam Category Boilers Steam

Technical data Capacity 300kWth to 10MWth Technical data Capacity Steam 200kW5MW
Oil 150C300C (up to 9MW) Capacity District heating 1.5MW 5MW, 1.5MW10MW
Steam 0.5 bar40 bar (saturated and super heated) Fuel Woodchip, pellet and straw
Fuel 1060% moisture content. Woody biomass (such as woodchip, Output Hot water, steam
bark and sawdust) Containerised 400kW3MW
Containerised 400kW1.6MW
Equipment & Applications for LIN-KA boilers include hot water, steam, district heating and
Equipment & Kohlbach boilers utilise moving grate technology. Their scope of supply also technology containerised systems. Hot water plants are primarily used for space heating.
technology includes flue gas treatment using flue gas condensation, cyclone filters,
Steam plants are intended for process industry where higher temperatures or
electrostatic filters or fabric filters as appropriate. Thermal oil boilers with exit
pressures are required, e.g. within the food and beverages sector, laundries, etc.
temperatures in excess of 200C can be supplied with economisers. Steam boilers
are available that can provide saturated or super heated steam. Kohlbach can also The heating plant is for use in towns or communities for establishing or expanding
supply the balance of plant required for the operation of their steam boilers (e.g. a district heating system.
feed-water pumps, tanks). Kohlbach CHP systems use either Organic Rankine Cycle
technology (up to 1.6MWe) or steam technology (steam turbine or steam engine)
Examples There are no examples of LIN-KA steam boilers in the UK. However, there are
up to 32 bar.
a number of operational systems in Scandinavia.

Examples Buccleuch BioEnergy Ltd has installed a number of Kohlbach boiler systems in the
UK providing space heating and domestic hot water. One example is the 1.5MW
boiler at Queen Margaret University campus in Musselburgh near Edinburgh (35-
acre campus with biomass district heating scheme using wood fuel with a moisture
content of 60%).
Examples of process heat, steam and combined heat and power are located in
mainland Europe and there are over 40 examples of Kohlbach plants using thermal
oil boilers and ORC units.

Contact UK supplier Contact UK supplier

Kohlbach Buccleuch BioEnergy Ltd LIN-KA ENERGY A/S Manco Energy Ltd

T +43 (0) 43 52 21 57 0 T 0131 561 5000 T +45 97 34 16 55 T 01430 828 660

E office@kohlbach.at E bioenergy@buccleuch.com E linka@linka.dk E info@mancoenergy.com
W www.kohlbach.at W www.buccleuch-bioenergy.com W www.linka.dk W www.mancoenergy.com
54 55
Martin GmbH
Martin GmbH is based in Munich, Germany and has been actively
involved in the construction of energy from waste plants for 80
years. The company also works with all associated components
and systems, including heat recovery boilers and flue gas cleaning
systems. There are over 670 installations worldwide for the
combustion of waste.
Mawera
Mawera is now part of the Viessman group and has been supplying
biomass boiler systems since 1975, with over 4,000 systems
installed throughout Europe. There are around 40 installations
in the UK with a total installed capacity of around 80MW.
Their services include full system design, supply, installation
and servicing. Applications include CHP, district heating and
industrial process heat. Mawera has a test facility to carry out
product research and development and testing and evaluation
of clients fuel.

Category Boiler Thermal oil, steam Category Boilers Thermal oil, steam
CHP Steam turbine
Technical data Capacity 100kWth15MWth
Technical data Capacity <70MW Fuel Various from 5%60% (forest and sawmill residue, bark, wood
Output Electricity and heat processing residue, sander dust, shavings, panel board residue,
Fuel Municipal solid waste, commercial solid waste, can use wood or straw pellets and briquettes)
if mixed with solid waste Output Hot water, thermal oil, steam

Equipment & Martin boilers use air cooled grate combustion technology. The three combustion
technology systems differ in the composition of the combustion air provided:
In the conventional combustion system, underfire and overfire air is fed to the
combustion process
With flue gas recirculation, most of the overfire air is replaced with recirculated
flue gas, after particulate removal
The SYNCOM process which features oxygen enrichment of underfire air,
flue gas recirculation to overfire air, combustion control supported by
infrared cameras
Examples CNIM offer turnkey project development services and incorporate Martin boilers
into energy from waste schemes in the UK. CNIM have built eight energy from
waste plants in the UK using Martin boilers, including the South East London
Combined Heat and Power Facility (SELCHP). This is capable of handling
420,000 tonnes of waste from households and businesses per annum and
produces electricity to power around 48,000 homes. Steam leaves the boilers at
a temperature of 395C and pressure of 46 bar, and is fed directly into a single
35MW steam turbine generator. The turbine rotates the generator to produce
electricity. Steam from the turbine is also used to pre-heat the combustion air for
the waste burning process.
Equipment & Mawera boilers are available to generate hot water, thermal oil (180C350C)
technology and steam and can use wood pellets, sawdust and fines, residue from forestry,
sawmill and landscaping activities, bark (hogged and unhogged), wood processing
and furniture manufacture residue and reclaimed waste wood (from demolition
and construction).
They are 3-pass horizontal flame tube boilers with automatic tube cleaning.
Firing systems include air injection (850kW15MW), underfed stoker (110kW
5MW) and moving grate (110kW5MW) depending on fuel to be used. Combined
heat and power systems have been based on the Stirling cogeneration system and
ORC technology.
Examples Mawera had two steam boilers in the UK. One is no longer in use and the other
(4.5t/hr) has been relocated to Italy.
In 2008 Mawera UK installed a 4.2MW hot water boiler at the main manufacturing
facility of the furniture manufacturer The Symphony Group plc. The boiler, which
is fed from a 1000m3 fuel silo, uses up to 5,000kg per hour of waste wood from
the on-site operations per hour. The boiler features fully automatic de-ashing and
emissions to atmosphere are controlled by a multi-cyclone grit arrestor.

Contact UK supplier Contact UK contact

Martin GmbH CNIM Mawera Mawera Uk

T +49 89 35 61 70 T +33 49 41 03 00 0 T +43 (0) 55 74 74 30 10 T 01543 258 844

E mail@martingmbh.de W www.cnim.com/hi/index.htm E info@mawera.com E info@mawera.co.uk
W www.martingmbh.de W www.mawera.com W www.mawera.co.uk
56 57
Metso Power
Metso is a global supplier of sustainable technology and services
for mining, construction, energy, metal recycling and the pulp
and paper industries. Metso Power manufactures equipment for
fluidised bed combustion for the pulp and paper industry and power
producers using the combustion of biomass and other fuels, as well
as co-combustion.
MW Power
MW Power Oy is a joint venture by the globally operating Metso
(60%) and Wrtsil (40%). MW Power provides medium and
small-scale power and heating plant solutions for sustainable
energy generation and focuses on flexible utilisation of local
renewable fuels, innovative technologies and service capabilities.

Category Boilers Steam Category Boiler Steam

CHP Gasification/pyrolysis, CHP Steam turbine
ACT Gasification
Technical data Capacity 3.2MWe, 5.6MWe9.4MWe, heat up to 25MWth
Technical data Capacity Steam capacity 10600MW, CFB Gasifier limekiln use 26.8MW Steam 17.8MW, (22t/hr)29MW (36t/hr)
Output 340t burntlime/day Fuel Spent grain, bark, sawdust, wood chips, wood residues, peat,
Fuel 100% biomass, 100% coal or any combination of the two, bark, wood sawmill residue
chips, sawdust, forest residue, peat, rice husk, dry solids, recovered fuel, Output Steam, hot water, CHP
de-inking and water treatment sludge, and many other recycled
products
Output Steam, synthetic gas Equipment & MW Biopower technology is based on a BioGrate or bubbling fluidised bed (BFB)
technology combustion, which are modular and based on standardised components. A typical
plant includes fuel feeding, boiler island, flue gas cleaning, steam turbine, generator
Equipment & Circulating fluidised bed boiler (CYMICTM), bubbling fluidised bed boiler (HYBEXTM), and all auxiliary systems and can utilise local renewable fuels effectively.
technology recovery boilers (RECOXTM) power generation.
CYMICTM boiler uses circulating fluidised bed technology and is optimal for higher Examples In 2009, MW Power delivered two identical power plants for the Manchester and
heating value fuels, such as drier biomass, recycled fuels, fossil fuels and Tadcaster breweries in the UK Each plant includes a condensing-extraction turbine
co-combustion. HYBEXTM boiler uses bubbling fluidised bed technology and is and a steam boiler. The plants burn a mixture of spent grain and wood chips from
suitable for power generation from biofuels and recycled fuel. RECOXTM boilers local sources. They generate steam and electricity for brewery processes and export
range from small units to the largest in the world, operating up to 7,000 tons of dry electricity to the local grid. The steam capacity of the plant is 4.7MWe/0MWth
solids per day. or 3.1MWe/7.4MWth, steam pressure: 62bar and steam temperature: 480C. The
Manchester plant cost 11M and burns tonnes of brewers spent grains from the
The CFB Gasifier is a circulating fluidised bed (CFB) reactor developed by Metso.
site and 33,000 tonnes of clean waste wood plus some wood prunings and spent
It uses a wide range of fuels from peat and biofuels to different waste fractions.
grain from other Scottish & Newcastle sites.
It can be applied to substitute oil, natural gas or other fossil fuels in industrial
furnaces like limekilns, or to substitute coal, peat or other fossil fuels in power boilers.

Examples Stevens Croft Power Station, Lockerbie Metso supplied the power plant boiler
(HYBEX), fuel supply system and flue gas cleaning system for E.ON UKs Stevens
Croft Power Station, which has a capacity of 44MWe, generating electricity only
from wood chips and other wood-based fuels as well as recycled fuels.

Contact UK supplier Contact UK supplier

Metso Power Joule Power Ltd MW Power Joule Power Ltd

T +35 82 01 41 21 T 01892 823 485 T +35 82 01 41 36 00 T 01892 823 485

E info.mpoy@metso.com E david.joule@joulepower.com E info@mwpower.fi E david.joule@joulepower.com
W www.metso.com W www.mwpower.fi
58 59
NESS Wrmetechnik GmbH
Ness is a key player in the German boiler industry and has been
operating around the world since 1964. They can supply equipment
for the complete management of energy on industrial sites: thermal
oil, steam, process heating, space heating, and heat recovery
from solids, liquids or gases produced during processes, for re-use
elsewhere on site.
Polytechnik
Polytechnik has installed more than 2,200 plants worldwide
and has 35 years experience in the science of combustion of
biomass fuels. They have experience of supplying equipment
for large industrial applications and district heating schemes.
The Polytechnik range includes water, steam and CHP plants
from 300kW to 20MW.

Category Boilers Thermal oil, Steam Category Boilers Thermal oil, Steam

Technical data Capacity Up to 50 MW Technical data Capacity Up to 20MWth/4MWe

Fuels Wood, particle boards, off-cuts, sawdust, sanding dust, other solid
process wastes, gaseous and liquid wastes from chemical process
Output Hot water, thermal oil, steam, superheated steam, saturated steam
Equipment & Ness Wrmetechnik boiler equipment utilises combustion systems with air-
technology entrained sawdust firing, underfed stokers and grate firing systems, combined
blown and underfed stoker.
Plant up to 50MW is also available with output temperatures up to 320C utilising
many solid, liquid or gaseous fuels including process wastes.
All the following can be supplied to burn conventional fossil fuels or residual
gaseous, liquid or solid material:
The NESS thermal oil heater the 95kW to 20MW fuelled by conventional fuels or
production waste (gaseous, fluid or solid) producing supply line temperature: up to
300C/400C with suitable heat transfer medium.
Steam generators for saturated and superheated steam power range: 200kg/h
to 28,000 kg/h, pressure: up to 30 bar.
Examples There are examples of Ness plant in use in the building materials and concrete
industry, chipboard and wood industries, paper industry, chemical and plastic
industries and the mineral oil industry. However, there are currently no details
available of any UK examples.
Oil Up to 300C
Steam Up to 36 bar, up to 450C
Fuel Waste wood
Output Hot water, thermal oil, steam
Equipment & Polytechnik boilers are available with underfed stokers and reciprocating grate
technology stokers. The main application for their equipment is the timber and forestry
industry, process industries and municipal and community district heating.
They can provide heat only or combined heat and power systems. Electricity
generation is carried out using steam turbines or steam engines or alternatively by
using thermo oil in an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) plant. The scope of Polytechnik
supply can include flue gas dedusting equipment such as fly ash cyclone units and
electrostatic filters.
Examples There is currently one example of a Polytechnik boiler in the UK. Rural Energy Ltd
designed, supplied and installed the biomass heating system, which uses a 2MW
moving grate Polytechnik hot water boiler, at Bell Brothers Nurseries, Boston in
2007. The boiler, which can utilise fuel with 2050% moisture content, uses G100
grade woodchip, which is sourced from local tree surgeons, low value woodland
residues and timber off-cuts from local wood working factories.
There are no examples of Polytechnik steam boilers in the UK.

Contact UK supplier Contact UK supplier

Ness Wrmetechnik GmbH Global Heat Transfer Ltd Polytechnik Rural Energy Ltd

T +49 71 81 96 75 1 T 0800 298 0488 T +43 26 72 89 00 T 01664 454 989

E info@ness.de W www.ness.de E office@polytechnik.at W www.ruralenergy.co.uk/technical/
W www.ness.de W www.polytechnik.com
60 61
Puhdas Energia Ranheat Engineering Ltd
Puhdas Energia Oy has been developing its gasifiers since 1999. Ranheat Engineering are a long established company
manufacturing boilers (under 600kW) and combustion equipment
in Northampton to a Danish design. Their larger boilers (up to
2.5MW) are imported from Danstoker in Denmark with the
combustion part of these boliers made by Ranheat. Their main
market is the wood working industry, with their equipment
generally used to produce space heating for disposal of waste
wood, off-cuts and dust.

Category CHP Gasification/pyrolysis Category Boilers Steam

ACT Gasification
Technical data Capacity All sizes up to 2.5MW
Technical data Capacity 1MWth Fuel All types of wood including MDF, MFC soft and hard woods, plywood,
Fuel Softwood woodchip, consumes 300kg/hour at 15%MC hardboard and wood-derived products
Output Synthetic gas, CHP with 350kWe available Output Steam
Uses Driers, heat treatment, bakeries, etc.
Equipment & Ranheat make up turnkey solutions using a wide range of equipment from
Equipment & The pressurised gasifier has a patented refractory reactor with no nozzles; this technology a variety of manufacturers.
technology enables high gas flow rates. Reactor diameter is 500mm with 250mm throat and
All their equipment is fully compliant with the appropriate British air quality
450mm reduction layer. Gas exists at 600750C. Char loss is 58% of energy
legislation as it applies to each size of plant.
input. The company has also developed a special ceramic burner for the wood
producer gas, complete with residual oxygen control, enabling direct retrofit for Handling and storage systems for sawdust, sanding dust and shavings are
boilers and process heating. This enables use of wood-derived producer gas in also available.
industrial applications. A semi-wet electrostatic precipitator has been developed for
gas cleaning to a high level of purity.
Examples They have 500 installations in the UK and they are selling to Europe and the USA.
Retrofit unit Gasifier with automatic infeed and ash removal, multicyclone and
Ranheat have supplied one steam raising system in the UK for a timber merchant
a gas burner with integrated automation system, installed in a single container.
in Essex which uses steam for the kilns. The system, which generates 1.6t/hr of
CHP system of 350kWe is also available. Puhdas supply the gasifier part of steam at 8bar, is based on a Danstoker boiler with a Ranheat retort.
the system.

Examples Greenhouse heating and CO2 production using a 1MW wood pellet gasifier,
Vaanela, Finland.

Contact Contact
Puhdas Energia Ranheat Engineering Ltd

T +35 82 63 35 25 T 01604 750 005

E info@puhdasenergia.com W www.ranheat.com
62 63
Refgas UK
Refgas UK design and build a gasifier which is market leader in size
to power output, operating from a factory in Sandycroft, Flintshire,
Wales. The technology has been developed by being awarded
a SMART Cymru grant. The company received more than 220,000
worth of funding from the Welsh Assembly.
Repotec
Repotec are engineering consultants advising on the technology
behind the very successful Gssing biomass gasifier combined
heat and power plant. They are based in Gssing and Vienna.

Category CHP Gasification/pyrolysis Category CHP Gasification/pyrolysis

ACT Gasification ACT Gasification

Technical data Initial system based on refuse-derived fuel. Wood biomass system also
developed, wide variety of feedstock with higher moisture content than
conventional gasifier. System eliminates driers and pelletisers. A single 2.5MWe
gasifier plant will require 2 tonnes per hour of wood feedstock.
Equipment & It uses the down-draught gasifier principle. The reactor works under a vacuum,
technology therefore there is no danger of gas leakage as the vessel is not under pressure.
The process is a thermo-chemical process in which the biomass is heated in an
oxygen deficient atmosphere, the high temperatures (1000oC+) and reduced
oxygen limit emissions. It utilises gas clean-up technology to ensure the gas
produced is suitable to be efficiently burnt in engines with a very favourable
emissions profile.
A 500kW (electrical output) plant is housed in 2 x 20 containers.
Examples The biomass gasifier CHP plant at the University of East Anglia cost 8.5 million,
with the gasifier costing approximately 2m. It is a 1.4MWe plant producing
2MW of heat for the campus heat mains. 10% of the electrical power produced
is required by the system to run the internal compressors.
Short video of installation:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/norfolk/8016402.stm
Technical data Fast internally circulating fluidised bed gasifier. Combined fluidised bed
gasification and circulating fluidised bed combustion zones. Steam injection
to gasification bed gives high calorific value producer gas.
Output 2MW electrical, 4.5MW thermal
Efficiency Total efficiency 80%
Users Heat for district heating scheme
System has been further developed to create liquid bio-fuels and synthetic
natural gas.
Equipment & Repotec are engineering consultants advising on the technology behind the very
technology successful Gssing gasifier combined heat and power plant. This technology,
originally developed at Vienna Technical University, was developed into a 2MWe
and 4.5MWth output plant. It is well proven with over 45,000 hours of successful
operation since 2001. A high value producer gas is generated. It is converted in an
associated gas engine to heat and electricity. Compared to steam turbines, a much
higher efficiency can be reached.
Examples Gssing has about 4,000 inhabitants, and is situated close to the Hungarian
border. The region around the town is heavily wooded. The combined heat and
power (CHP) plant has a capacity of 8MWth/2MWe. The plant is fuelled by wood
chips (20 to 30%mc). The plant consists of a dual fluidised bed steam gasifier,
a two-stage gas cleaning system, a gas engine with an electricity generator, and
a heat utilisation system. The inhabitants of the town benefit from low and stable
heat and electricity prices.

Contact
Contact Repotec
Refgas UK
T +43 (0) 12 16 18 95
T 01244 529 589 E office@repotec.at
W www.refgas-uk.com W www.repotec.at
64 65
Schmid AG Wood Firing Systems
Schmid AG is headquartered in Switzerland with other sites in
Germany and France. Employing over 200 people, the company
is a family owned business which has been developing wood
energy for more than 70 years. They manufacture biomass boilers
and supply all associated plant such as fuel storage and transfer
equipment and flue gas cleaning systems.
Spilling Energie Systeme
Spilling is based in Germany and designs, constructs and delivers
complete systems for generating electricity from biomass.
The sectors that use their technology include timber industry, pellet
plants, biomass cogeneration and district heating plants, chemical,
paper, textile and food processing industries.

Category Boilers Thermal oil, steam Category CHP Steam turbine, steam engine

Technical data Capacity 2.4MWth25MW Technical data Fuel Woodchip/pellets

Outputs Thermal oil, steam Capacity 100kWe5MWe
Fuel Wood pellets <10%MC, woodchip, shavings, sawdust and wood Output Electricity and hot water
processing residue up to 50%MC
Containerised boilers 180kW1.2MW Equipment & Spilling have proven themselves as prime movers for small to medium size biomass
Operating pressure 532 bar technology power generation plants in the industry and district heating sectors. They are most
Max steam temperature 425C often operated as combined heat and power systems.
The steam engines are usually deployed in connection with boilers in moderate
Equipment & Schmid AG CHP systems are based on either steam cycle turbines or the ORC live steam conditions and/or saturated steam boilers, particularly where steam
technology technology. There are examples of both systems installed in Europe. They have also mass flow or energy acceptance is subject to clear fluctuations.
developed systems to use spent brewers grains with one such system installed in
a Heineken brewery in Nigeria (4.3MW of hot water at 170C from 5 tonnes/hour
spent wet grains). Examples There are examples of this plant installed throughout Europe, but there are
currently no installations in the UK.

Examples There are no examples of Schmid AG steam boilers in the UK.

Imperative Energy has installed a Schmid UTSK 1.2MW boiler at the new Pembury
Hospital in Kent. The boiler, which uses woodchip fuel delivered to site in hook
bins, provides low temperature hot water to meet the hospitals space heating
base load.

Contact
Schmid AG Wood Firing Systems
T +41 (0) 71 97 37 37 3
W www.holzfeuerung.ch
66
UK supplier
Imperative Energy Ltd Contact
Spilling Energie Systeme
T 01270 758 790
E chris.hughes@imperativeenergy.com T +49 (0) 40 78 91 75 0
W www.imperativeenergy.com W www.spilling.de/english
67
TK Energi
TK Energi was founded in 1990 by Mr. Thomas Koch and became
a limited company in 1996. The company employs 15 people. It is
a technology developer and turnkey supplier. It produces primarily
prototypes with all other production outsourced.
TPS Termiska Processer AB
TPS provides technical solutions for combustion of renewable
biofuels and for retro-fitting multi-burner installations to existing
oil and coal-fired boilers and burners, enabling them to run on
biofuels. TPS is part of Tall Oil, which is an integrated group of
bio-energy companies.

Category CHP Gasification/pyrolysis Category Boilers Steam

ACT Gasification
Technical data Capacity 2.3MWth
Fuel Wood chips
Output Synthetic gas
Equipment & TK Energi, based in Denmark, has developed a three-stage, down-draught gasifier
technology that includes pyrolysis and partial oxidation zones, and a reformer-based char
gasification zone. The internally heated pyrolysis reactor has no mechanical parts
that could be exposed to the high temperatures. The tars in the pyrolysis gas are all
thermally cracked when passing through the combustion zone (up to 1250C) and
the fixed char bed, leaving a clean gas.
The thermal efficiency is 60%, while the electrical efficiency is estimated to be up
to 32%. The gasifiers are designed for 7000 hours of continuous operation before
shutting down for maintenance. There is about 310% of energy remaining in
the char.
A plug feeder system has also been developed to feed biomass (up to 400 tonnes
per hour) into pressurised systems (up to 75 bar).
The company is also developing a slagging gasifier for producing 3rd generation
liquid biofuels from waste.
Examples There are no examples in the UK at present, but there is a district heating system
at Gjl, Denmark a 2.3MWth (dry wood input) gasifier where the gas is used in
an existing natural gas-fired Jenbacher engine, to generate electricity. The plant
was commissioned in January 2006. There is also a slagging entrained flow sludge
gasifier in Kge.
Technical data Capacity Specialists in large plant 100kW to 100MW
Outputs Hot water and steam
Fuels Pellets, any type of wood, and wastes such as paper, card and plastic
Equipment & TPS produce a wide range of equipment and can design and install complete
technology specialist systems for waste disposal/energy generation.
BioSwirl cyclone burner Capacity: 2MWth to 15MWth, fuelled by crushed wood
pellets (10%mc) and wood chips (<25%mc). The burner requires gas and/or oil
ignition and wood fuel is introduced when the required temperature is reached.
Used in steam raising for process or electricity generation, or for hot water, and for
incineration systems.
Multi-fuel burner 550MW. The burner is a free burning type. Fuel pellets or
wood chips need to be less than 10% mc. The burner is of particular interest for
large plants replacing oil and gas burners.
Stepfire fire tube high efficiency boilers. Range from 500kW3MW and are
suited to combustion of pellets, briquettes and dry wood chips (less than 30%mc).
The Stepfire boiler is a complete heating solution based on continuous combustion
on a stationary grate. As the fuel burns it is transported over the grate by scrapers
until it reaches the end, at which point the fuel is burnt out completely and only
ash remains.
Purpose designed waste burning systems TPS can deliver complete plants
or rebuild existing units to meet the demands of the EU's Waste Combustion
Directive, providing grate-fired plants for unsorted wastes as well as grate-fired and
fluidised bed plants for sorted wastes (paper, wood, plastics) and co-fired plants.
Examples We understand that there are no examples of TPS boilers in the United Kingdom,
although there are many in Europe.

Contact Contact
TK Energi TPS Termiska Processer AB

T +45 46 18 90 00 T +46 (0) 85 35 24 60 0

W www.tke.dk W www.tps.se
68 69
Turboden Srl
Turboden Srl is an Italian company with nearly 30 years experience
of designing, manufacturing, installing and maintaining turbo
generators based on the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for
the cogeneration of heat and electrical power. There are currently
129 systems installed in Europe as at January 2009 (93 in
operation, 36 under construction).
Uniconfort
Uniconfort is based in Italy. The company manufactures and
installs biomass-fired boilers to produce hot water, high-pressure
hot water, hot air, steam and thermal oil. Uniconfort has recently
installed a new boiler at the Comune di Apiro (Apiro City Hall) in
Italy, which burns 30% straw and 70% woodchips.

Category CHP Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Category Boilers Thermal oil, steam

Technical data Capacity 400 kWe2.2 MWe Technical data Capacity 93kWth5.8MWth, containerised up to 348kWth
Fuel Woody biomass (woodchip, bark, sawdust, treated wood), agricultural Fuels Wood pellets, woodchip, straw, waste wood and
residues (straw, rice husk), arboricultural residues, waste material agricultural biomasses
(sewage sludge, marc) (1000kg/hr5250kg/hr) Output Thermal oil 280C
Output Electricity and hot water Steam 0.7 bar to 25 bar saturated
Efficiency 20% e(gross) 78%th Fuel Untreated wood up to 3055% moisture content, pellets
Efficiency Up to 24% e non-cogeneration or chips

Equipment & The equipment is packaged CHP plant and is well suited to the use of industrial Equipment & Biotech range Outputs 348kW5.8MW providing hot or superheated water.
technology waste wood. Existing applications in Europe include timber drying in sawmills, technology CMT range Outputs 92.8kW3,480kW providing hot or superheated water
sawdust drying in wood pellet plants, air pre-heating in the MDF industry and also and steam.
district heating schemes in Europe. DUAL range Outputs 92.8kW3.48MW providing hot or superheated water
and steam.
GLOBAL range Outputs 348kW5,800kW providing hot or superheated water,
Examples There is one unit currently under construction (mid-2009) for LandEnergy Ltd.
saturated steam and thermal oil.
The application is for a wood pellet mill in Scotland. The turbine is used for on-site
power production and the excess heat is used to dry the wood fibre. Heat input:
14MW biomass-fuelled thermal oil boiler, output: 2.2MWe gross, 10MWth (water Examples We understand that there is a Uniconfort boiler installed in Hereford but no details
60C/90C). of the installation are currently available.
Schuberts Biomass is now supplying Uniconfort boilers to the UK market but has
not completed any UK installations yet (summer 2009).

Contact Contact UK contact

Turboden Srl Uniconfort Schuberts Biomass

T +39 03 03 55 20 01 T +39 04 95 95 20 5 T 01226 360 900

W www.turboden.it W www.uniconfort.com W www.schuberts-biomass.co.uk
70 71
Vyncke Energietechniek
Vyncke is based in Belgium and has been operating since 1912,
delivering tailor-made solutions to customers all over the world.
They offer complete industrial waste to clean energy solutions
all under one roof, from design, engineering, manufacturing,
installation and commissioning to training and after-sales service.
Waste2energy
Waste2energy is a US company that acquired, in 2007, a 95%
share in Enerwaste, an environmental engineering, manufacturing
and technology company specialising in innovative processes for
the disposal of a wide variety of waste. The waste is converted into
a synthetic gas that can be used to produce steam and electricity.
There are over 40 projects installed worldwide by Enerwaste, with
another 60 projects developed on the Enerwaste principle.

Category Boilers Thermal oil, steam Category CHP Gasification/pyrolysis

Technical data Capacity 2100MWth and up to 10MWe
Fuel Thermal systems biomass, agricultural waste and wood processing
waste from coarse to fine and from wet to dry. Electrical systems can
take in addition paper and packing waste, demolition wood, RDF
Output Thermal oil, steam
Equipment & Dynamic Watercooled Stepgrate DWS forms the basis of the energy plants, which
technology range from 2MWth to 100MWth and can be supplied either as steam, hot water,
thermal oil, hot gas, electricity (up to 10MWe) or in any assorted combination.
Vyncke provide combustion and boiler systems for decentralised power stations
(110MWe ) and turnkey energy plants (165MWth) using various homogenous
secondary biomass fuels, such as demolition wood, refuse-derived fuels (RDF),
packing materials, paper waste, etc. Different agricultural waste streams (e.g. rice
husks, coffee husks, coconut shells, etc.) can be burnt in one installation, either
separately or mixed. Wood processing industry production waste, which varies in
granular size, fuel humidity and chemical composition, is mainly converted into
thermal energy such as steam, hot water and/or thermal oil.
Examples The Balcas wood pellet production facility in Invergordon, Scotland has a 40MWth
Vyncke boiler that uses woodchip (up to 55% moisture content). The fluidised bed
boiler is due to be commissioned in the summer of 2009 followed by the 8MWe
steam turbine generator. The plant generates the process heat required by the
wood pellet processing operations and 3MWe of electricity for the sites own
requirements, with the remaining 5MWe being exported to the grid.
ACT Gasification
Technical data Capacity <50MW from 1,500 metric tonnes per day (MTPD) of waste
Fuel Multiple types of waste
Output Synthetic gas for CHP
Equipment & The Batch Oxidisation System (BOS) was designed as a low emission and low
technology labour approach to small and medium-scale solid waste disposal. The BOS utilises
a gasification process that thermally converts waste products into a combustible
gas. This two-stage process provides the lowest possible emissions and is the most
environmentally sound method for waste disposal for 1150 tonnes per day.
The Mass conversion system is a low-cost gasification and oxidation system in
which both processes are carried out within the same vertical chamber. Like the
BOS system, it oxidises at high temperature giving extremely clean emissions.
It features a mechanical feed system that is ideally suited to large quantities of
biomass or other consistent waste feedstock from 501,000 tonnes per day.
Examples Six new plants are to be established in the UK, including the power station at
Dumfries Dargavel, Scotland, UK for Scotgen (construction started 2008), for
a plant with 120 MTPD mixed waste and 5MW Power Recovery BOS system.
The power station at Bristol has planning permission to commence construction
on a plant using 100,000 tonnes/year waste.

Contact Contact UK contact

Vyncke Energietechniek Waste2energy Planet Advantage Ltd

T +32 56 73 06 30 T +864 (0) 67 91 62 5 T 0161 724 2222

E mail@vyncke.com E info@waste2energy.com E info@planetgroup.co.uk
W www.vyncke.be/english/energ.php W www.waste2energy.com
72 73
Weiss Kessel
Weiss Kessel, Anlagen und Maschinenbau GmbH is based in
Germany and has been producing boilers for the wood working
industry for over 30 years, with boilers sold in 60 countries including
the UK and around Europe.
Wykes Engineering
Wykes Engineering is part of the Wykes Group. Its core design
business focuses on heavy mechanical handling and process plant
layouts, and associated equipment from screw conveyors, and
pressure vessels through to power stations. Ancillary components
was formed to specialise in developing new solutions to existing
and emerging needs for creative waste management across
a range of industries.

Category Boilers Thermal oil, steam Category Boilers Steam

Technical data Capacity 650kW50MW Technical data Capacity Specialists in large plant up to 50MWth
Fuels Wood, sawdust, briquettes, shavings, off-cuts, MDF and particle boards Outputs High or low pressure steam
Outputs Thermal oil, steam Fuels Any

Equipment & The CHP plants range from 500kW to 10MW electrical output with steam turbine Equipment & Wykes Engineering provides bespoke large-scale systems based on bubbling
technology and steam engine. Organic Rankine Cycle turbo-generators for power supply range technology fluidised bed technology.
from 300kW up to 1,200kW electrical output.
The cyclone furnace (underfeed stoker furnace) generates warm water at 90C and Examples Goosey Lodge Power Plant is based on bubbling fluidised bed (BFB) technology
hot water up to 230C, low pressure steam at 1 bar, high pressure steam up to 36 and combusts a wide variety of materials solids, liquids and sludges. The plant
bar and superheated steam up to 80 bar and 480C. Screw gate furnaces, cyclone exceeds the current and planned future environmental standards prescribed by UK
burner furnaces (muffle furnaces), jet blower furnaces and push grate furnaces are and EU law. A similar plant was designed and built by Wykes Engineering for PDM
also used. Group at Widnes BFB Power Plant.
multicrat boiler 800 2.2MW
turbocrat boiler 1,000 8MW
three pass boiler 1,000 10MW
watertube boiler 4,000 35MW
thermal oil heaters up to 10MW
hot gas generators up to 35MW

Examples There are currently no examples of Weiss Kessel steam boilers in the UK.
There are, however, a 1.4MW boiler at Gresham Office Furniture, Bolton, which uses
MDF dust as fuel and a 5MW pusher grate hot water boiler at Howden Joinery in
Runcorn using process waste wood and wood products as fuel.

Contact UK supplier Contact

Weiss Kessel Modern Energy Systems Wykes Engineering

T +49 27 71 39 30 T 0844 561 7469 T 01933 315 818

E info@weiss-kessel.de E info@modernenergysystems.co.uk E enquiries@wykesengineering.co.uk
W www.weiss-kessel.de W www.modernenergysystems.co.uk W www.wykesengineering.co.uk
74 75
Xylowatt
Xylowatt specialises in the design, construction and management List of UK suppliers
of fully automated modular biomass gasification units, converting
biomass into heat and electricity. With over 20 years of experience
in biomass resources, gasification systems, electrical generating
sets and cleaning systems, Xylowatt designs, builds and monitors
bio-energy systems from 300kWe to several MWe. The Xylowatt
CHP power plant allows on-site electricity production at high
efficiency for production at these power levels.

Category CHP Gasification/pyrolysis

ACT Gasification

Technical data Capacity 300kWe1.5MWe/600kWth (biomass 270kg/hour)3MWth

(biomass 1,350kg/hour). Larger outputs can be accommodated
using modular units with several gasifiers
Fuels Wood chips, wood processing waste, municipal thinnings, short
rotation coppice
Output Synthetic gas for electricity generation via a gas engine, with CHP
Throughput 1,500 to 25,000 tonnes of wood per year
Efficiency Electrical 25%, thermal 50%, total 75%

Equipment & The Xylowatt biomass combined heat and power system is based on a down-
technology draught fixed bed gasifier, the NOTAR reactor developed at the University of
Louvain. The output fuel gas has a calorific value between 4.5 and 5.8 MJ/nm3,
which suits standard gas engines, and less than 50mg/nm3 tar is produced at the
gasifier outlet. The wood gas obtained still contains some fines, particles and tars
so it is cleaned before being fed to a standard gas engine linked to a generator.
In a typical system about 1% ash is produced.

Examples Three plants are currently running, and five plants are under construction.
The operational plants are as follows:
one sawmill, where the electricity and heat generated are used in the process.
CHP district heating scheme was installed at the village of Gedinne in spring 2007
an xW300 unit was sold to Tournai city and supplies electricity and hot water
for the local swimming pool using municipal trimmings
end of 2009, an xW300 unit is due to be installed in the United Kingdom

Contact
Xylowatt

T +32 (0) 71 60 68 00
E info@xylowatt.com
W www.xylowatt.com
76 77
List of UK suppliers

BIB Cochran Ltd Byworth Boilers ENERGOS Ltd Inetec Manco Energy Ltd Rural Energy Ltd
Newbie Works, Annan, Parkwood Boiler Works, 11b Olympic Park, Woolston Grange Unit 17, Village Farm Road, Market Weighton Road, Manor Farm, Main Street, Owston,
Dumfries & Galloway, DG12 5QU Parkwood St, Keighley, Avenue, Birchwood, Village Farm Industrial Estate, North Newbald, Oakham, Leicestershire, LE15 8DH
T 01461 202 111 West Yorkshire, BD21 4NW Warrington, WA2 0YL Pyle, Bridgend, CF33 6BL East Yorkshire, YO43 4SP T 01664 454 989
E enquiries@bibcochran.com T 01535 665 225 T 0845 683 7001 T 01656 746 439 T 01430 828 660 W www.ruralenergy.co.uk
W www.bibcochran.com E sales@byworth.co.uk W www.energos.com E sales@inetec.co.uk E info@mancoenergy.com Supplies: Polytechnik
Supplies: KARA Energy Systems W www.byworth.co.uk Supplies: ENERGOS W www.inetec.co.uk W www.mancoenergy.com
Supplies: Byworth Boilers Supplies: Inetec Thermec Supplies: LIN-KA
Schuberts Biomass
Bioenergy Technology Energia Ltd
Clarke Energy UK ICI Caldaie Mawera UK Ltd Athersley House,
Pound Lane, Framfield, Uckfield, Malvern Hills Science Park, Geraldine Pilley Hills, Tankersley,
East Sussex, TN22 5RU Power House, Senator Point, South Road, Malvern, Worcestershire, Unit 6 West Link Business Park, PO Box 5581, Lichfield, South Yorkshire, S75 3AT
T 01825 890 140 Boundary Road, Knowsley Industrial WR14 3SZ Guide Street, Salford, Staffordshire, WS14 4FS T 01226 360 900
W www.bioenergy.org Park, Liverpool, L33 7RR T 01684 585 238 Manchester, M50 1EW T 01543 258 844 W www.schuberts-biomass.co.uk
Supplies: range of boilers T 0151 546 4446 E info@kiv-uk.com T 0161 743 9595 E info@mawera.co.uk Supplies: Uniconfort
E salesuk@clarke-energy.com W www.kiv-uk.com E salesuk@icicaldaie.com W www.mawera.co.uk
W www.clarke-energy.co.uk Supplies: KIV W www.icicaldaie.com Supplies: Mawera
Bioflame Ltd Supplies: Adoratec Supplies: ICI Caldaie
UK Biomass Ltd
South View Yatts, Pickering, Ethos Energy Modern Energy Systems 13 Quay Level, St Peters Basin,
North Yorkshire, YO18 8JN CJM Coldwell Ltd ITI Energy Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE6 1TZ
T 01751 472 831 Kestrel Court, Harbour Road, PO Box 154, Bexhill-on-Sea, T 0191 265 4400
E enquiries@bioflame.com 26 Claremont Gardens, Whitley Bay, Portishead, Bristol, BS20 7AN Advanced Manufacturing Park, East Sussex, TN39 4WQ E info@uk-biomass.co.uk
W www.bioflame.com Tyne and Wear, NE26 3SB T 0844 844 1306 Technology Centre, Brunel Way, T 08445 617 469
Rotherham, South Yorkshire, S60 5WG Supplies: Binder
Supplies: Bioflame T 0191 252 6445 E info@ethosenergy.co.uk E info@modernenergysystems.co.uk
M 07850 736 352 W www.ethosenergy.co.uk T 01142 541 233 W www.modernenergysystems.co.uk
Supplies: Ethos Energy E sales@iti-energy.com Supplies: Weiss Kessel
Wood Energy Ltd
Biomass CHP Ltd Supplies: AE&E W www.iti-energy.com Pinkworthy Barn, Oakford, Tiverton,
19 Point Street, Larne, Supplies: ITI Energy Devon, EX16 9EU
Danstoker UK Ltd Imperative Energy Ltd Planet Advantage Ltd
Co. Antrim, BT40 1HY T 0845 0707 338
E rp@helmsway.co.uk PO Box 82, Malton, YO17 1AG Suite 2, Chancellor Forms, Dragons James Proctor Ascot House, Water Street, E sales@woodenergyltd.co.uk
W www.biomasschp.co.uk Wharf, Dragons Lane, Sandbach, Radcliffe, Manchester, M26 3DE W www.woodenergyltd.co.uk
T 07921 773 580 Cheshire, CW11 3PA PO Box 19, Cow Lane, Burnley,
Supplies: Biomass CHP E pe@danstoker.com T 0161 724 2222 Supplies: Binder
T 01270 758 790 Lancashire, BB11 1NN E info@planetgroup.co.uk
W www.danstoker.dk
W www.imperativeenergy.ie T 01282 453 816 Supplies: Waste2energy, design and
Biomass Engineering Ltd Supplies: Danstoker
Supplies: Schmid AG Wood Firing W www.jamesproctor.com project management services
Wykes Engineering
Junction Lane, Sankey Valley Industrial Systems Supplies: James Proctor Plant & Equipment, Goosey Lodge,
Estate, Newton-le-Willows, WA12 8DN Doosan Babcock Energy Ltd Wymington, Rushden,
Joule Power Ltd Ranheat Engineering Ltd
T 01925 295 959 11 The Boulevard, Crawley, Imtech Northants, NN10 9LU
E info@biomass.uk.com West Sussex, RH10 1UX 1H Woodhill Park, Pembury, 62 St James Mill Rd, T 01933 315 818
W www.biomass.uk.com Imtech House, 3335 Woodthorpe Tunbridge Wells, Kent, TN2 4NN Northampton, NN5 5JP E enquiries@wykesengineering.co.uk
T 01293 612 888 Road, Ashford, Middlesex, TW15 2RP
Supplies: Biomass Engineering E enquiry@doosanbabcock.com T 01892 823 485 T 01604 750 005 W www.wykesengineering.co.uk
W www.volund.dk/home T 01784 229 900 E david.joule@joulepower.com E info@ranheat.com Supplies: Wykes Engineering UK
E info@imtech.co.uk Supplies: MWPower Supplies: Danstoker
Buccleuch BioEnergy Ltd Supplies: Doosan Babcock W www.imtech.eu/uk
Computer House, Dalkeith Country Supplies: Imtech
Refgas Ltd
Park, Dalkeith, Edinburgh, EH22 2NA
T 0131 561 5000 Whittle Close, Engineer Park,
W www.buccleuch-bioenergy.com Sandycroft, Deeside,
Flintshire, CH5 2QE
Supplies: Kohlbach, Turboden
T 01244 529 589
E paul@refgas-uk.com
Supplies: Refgas
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Printed with vegetable inks using 100% recycled
(minimum 75% post-consumer waste) paper.
Envirolink Northwest, May 2010. Envirolink
Northwest is a company limited by guarantee.
Company Reg Number 3914702.
Design: www.moderndesigners.co.uk

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