SOURCED:PactdividingPolandbetweenGermanyandUSSR,28thSeptember,1939.

TheGovernmentoftheGermanReichandtheGovernmentoftheUSSRconsideritasexclusivelytheir
task,afterthecollapseoftheformerPolishState,toreestablishpeaceandorderintheseterritories.Tothis
endtheyhaveagreeduponthefollowing:TheGovernmentoftheGermanReichandtheGovernmentof
theUSSRshalldeterminetheboundaryoftheirrespectiveinterestsintheterritoryoftheformerPolish
state.TheterritoryofLithuaniafallsintheUSSRsphere,whiletheprovinceofLublinandpartofWarsaw
fallintheGermansphere.BothpartieswilltolerateintheirterritoriesnoPolishagitationwhichaffectsthe
territoryoftheotherparty.Theywillsuppressintheirterritoriesallsuchagitationandinformeachother
aboutsuitablemeasures.

SOURCEE:Stalinsspeechontheradio,3July1941,reactingtotheGermaninvasionoftheUSSR.

Comrades,citizens,brothersandsisters,menofourarmyandnavy!ItistoyouIamspeakingdearfriends!
ThetreacherousmilitaryattackbyHitleriteGermanyonourMotherland,begunon22June,iscontinuing.
InspiteoftheheroicresistanceoftheRedArmy,andalthoughtheenemysfinestdivisionsandfinestair
forceunitshavealreadybeensmashedandhavefoundtheirgravesonthefieldofbattle,theenemy
continuestopushforward,hurlingfreshforcestothefront[]Gravedangeroverhangsourcountry.The
RedArmy,RedNavyandallcitizensoftheSovietUnionmustdefendeveryinchofSovietsoil,mustfight
tothelastdropofbloodforourtownsandvillages.Allourindustriesmustbegottoworkwithgreater
intensitytoproducemorerifles,machineguns,shells,planes.Wemustguardfactories,powerstationsand
telegraphiccommunications,andarrangeairraidprotection.Wemustwagearuthlessfightagainst
deserters,panicmongers,rumormongers[thosespreadingpanicandrumor];wemustkillspies,sabotage
agentsandenemyparachutists.Inareasoccupiedbytheenemy,partisan[resistance]unitsmustbeformed.
Theenemymustbehoundedanddestroyedateverystep,andalltheirmeasuresfrustrated.

Withreferencetotheiroriginandpurpose,assessthevalueandlimitationsofSourceDandSourceE
forhistoriansstudyingStalinsforeignpolicyinrelationtoGermany.

SourceDisanexcerptfromasecretagreementbetweenGermanyandtheSovietUnionwrittenSeptember
28,1939.ThepurposeofthisagreementistodefinehowPolandwillbedividedterritoriallybetweenthe
twocountriesafterithascollapsedineffortstoreestablishpeace.AttheendofWorldWarI,both
GermanyandtheSovietUnionlostterritorytothenewlycreatedPolishstate.Thissourceisvaluable
becauseitisasecretprotocoladdedtotheNaziSovietNonAggressionPact,statingPolandwouldbe
dividedbasedonwhatbelongedtoeachcountrypreviously.LithuaniawouldgototheUSSRandLublin
andpartofWarsawwouldgotoGermany.TheprotocolincludesmeasuretorepressPolishagitationwhile
bothcountriesagreedtokeeptheotherinformedofanysuchresistanceconcerns.Despitethevalue,the
documentalsohaslimitations.ThedocumentfailstoaddressthatthecollapseofPolandwasduetothe
simultaneousinvasionfromGermanytothewestandtheUSSRtotheeast.Therenoinformationprovided
whythesecretprotocoladdendumwasreleasedandbywhom.

SourceEisaspeechgivenbyStalinonJuly3,1941andbroadcastovertheradio.Thepurposeofthe
speechisforStalintoaddresstheGermaninvasionoftheSovietUnionandhowtheSovietpeoplemust
respond.Stalinisdescribestheinvasionastreachery.HedescribestheheroiceffortsoftheSoviet
militaryforcesandthedestructionofGermanforces.Stalinsspeechisacalltoarmsthatevery
person,industry,utilityisneededtoprotecttheSovietState.Heisdescribingtotalwar.Desertion,spying,
anddissentionwillnotbetolerated.ThissourceisvaluabletoahistorianstudyingStalinsforeignpolicy
inrelationtoGermany,becausetheGermanyinvasionwasinviolationoftheNaziSovietNonAggression
Pactsignedin1939.StalinsfeelingsofbetrayalbyGermanyareevidentinhisstronglanguageand
callingtheSovietcitizensdearfriends.Thissourcealsohasitslimitations.Whilethespeechismeantto
rallytheSovietpeople,itisalsoaneffortforStalintomaintaincontrolandmobilizethepeople.Stalin
doesnotrefertotheNaziSovietNonAggressionPactbeingviolated,butjustdescribestheinvasionin
effortstodeflecthisresponsibility.ItisprobablethatStalindoesnotgiveaccurateinformationaboutthe
destructionofGermanyforcesbytheSoviets.TheevidencegivenbyStalindoesnotaddresswhy
conditionsintheSovietUnionallowedtheinvasiontotakeplace.