Testing of a Three Phase Induction Motor with Squirrel-cage rotor Study of Binar

y Boot
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Creation date: April 28, 2004 Version: v1.00 - 3/MAI/2008 Author: Ricardo Filipe
Teixeira Gomes
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© 2008 Ricardo Filipe Teixeira Gomes. rftg.development.googlepages.com
Instituto Politecnico do Porto Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto
Department of Electrical Engineering
Course in Electrical Engineering - Electronics and Computers
Discipline of Electrical Machines
Tests of a Three Phase Induction Motor with Squirrel-cage rotor Study Torque Boo
t
28/04/2004
Work done by: Ricardo Filipe Teixeira Gomes
Study of Torque Boot
28/04/2004
Index
Objective 2 --------------------------------------------- Introduction - -------
---------------------------------- 2 ----- Mounting Scheme Material Used -------
----------- 4 ----------------------------- Job Description 5 ----- 5 ----------
---------------- ------------ Securities Registered --------------------- ------
--------------------- 6 Calculations -------------------- ----------------------
------ 6 Results 8 Conclusion ---------------- --------------------------------
------------------------------------- ----------- 8 Bibliography ------- 8
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Electrical Machines
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Study of Torque Boot
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Objective
- Study the starting torque of an engine - Compare the starting torque of a moto
r connected in Y and Δ;
Introduction
Of the various types of induction motors, AC three phase existing in the rotor s
hort-circuit is only possible to work directly connected to the network using si
mple devices (switches, circuit breakers, etc. ...). However, the instant it is
fed, the currents in its windings are far higher than the rated currents of the
same operation (due to the fact that this type of engine to behave like a transf
ormer with the secondary short-circuited when its speed is zero). These starting
currents vary in standard from 5 to 8 times the rated operation, requiring that
the installations are oversized in order to eliminate problems early shooting g
uards, overheating of power conductors and even large voltage drops along the co
nductors (which may even jeopardize the operation of appliances) (1). Large bina
ries also give rise boot order problems related to mechanical support, chassis a
nd engine mechanical couplings, since the engine tends to very quickly reach its
nominal rotation speed. Since this type of engine has the characteristics of th
e rotor fixed and predetermined by the manufacturer,€and only six terminals are
available in card connectors (which allow us to have access only to the ends of
the three windings inductors), the various types of boot are essentially (2) the
change in voltage that are subject to the stator windings. This is because such
variation will allow us to vary the current in the windings (as the current is
directly proportional to voltage) and
(1)
The R.S.I.U.E.E. in art. Article 431 defines the start type in terms of power en
gines, which in the case of engine rotor short-circuit are the 4 kW for direct s
tarting and 11 KW for the star-delta starter. now, through the power electronics
, you can also do it through the frequency variation of supply current. Electric
al Machines
(2)
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Study of Torque Boot
28/04/2004
starting torque (since this is proportional to the square of voltage). The simpl
est method to obtain different voltages in the stator windings is through their
connection in delta or star (resulting in the star-delta starter).
220 V
R1
380 V
380 V
R1 × R2 R1 + R2 + R3
R1Δ
R3Δ
R1 × R3 R1 + R2 + R3
As I =
U: R = 1 IY 3 IΔ
R2
R3
Δ R2
R 2 × R 2 + R3 R1 + R3
R1Δ R3Δ = R2 = Δ =
January 1 R1 = R March 3
This is because by linking the star we are applying the compound voltage to the
wiring terminals but to submit each single winding tension, while in the delta c
onnection we are applying a voltage to the terminals made of lead, which is equi
valent to directly apply this voltage to the windings. As is also shown, we can
observe that the resistance of the windings is higher in delta connection than t
he connection on the star, which also limits the current in the windings in a po
sition to boot. So, if you proceed to start the engine in star connection and th
en turn the dial to the triangle, means we are in fact increased the value of st
arting current at about 1.5 to 2.6 times the rated motor current. The starting t
orque is also limited since, reaching its value in about 0.2 to 0.5 times the va
lue of the nominal torque. The torque developed by the engine remains low while
the engine is connected in a star until after reaching some speed stability (in
I.P.P.-I.S.E.P. - D.E.E.-E.C.
Fig.1 - Typical power curve / speed in star-delta starter
Fig.2 - Typical torque curve / speed in star-delta starter
Electrical Machines
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Study of Torque Boot
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order 75-85% of rated speed) we spent the delta connection and the engine reache
s its nominal capacity. This type of switching can be timed by switches activate
d by centrifugal springs (attached to the rotor) to an electronic device that mo
nitors the rotational speed or current.
Arrangement
U1
0-Υ-Δ
V1 W 1 M
U2 V W February 2
W Va
RST Auto-Transformer
400/230 V 50 Hz ~
Fig.3 - Arrangement for the two tests
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Study of Torque Boot
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Material Used
Fluke 179 digital 111111Multímetro III (V); Clamp Test 11 (A); Meter Fluke 43B P
ower (W) Auto-transformer MV1103, star-delta switch, three-phase asynchronous in
duction motor with squirrel-cage rotor: 380 / 220V - 50 Hz - 1,5 kW; Δ / Y - 6.6
A / 3.8 A - 220V/380V; cos φ = 0.79, 1415 rpm, 1 - Lincoln, Connecting wires; P
robes.
Job description
Initially this work was to per orm two tests rotor locked in an induction motor
three-phase asynchronous rotor squirrel-cage, the irst was made with the same c
onnected in star (part 1) and the second with the connection made with a triangl
e (part 2): Part1: - He rode the circuit shown in ig. 3 - He set the cursor aut
o-trans ormer in the position o 0 V - have been placed on the star-delta switch
in the "star" - was blocked rotor o the motor with a brace - the Fed is circui
t and was increasing tension between phases until it reaches approximately the v
alue o
rated motor current or star connection (Iny = 3.8 A) - There were the v
alues , P, Ia, Ib and Ic , Part 2: - She kept riding the circuit shown in ig.
3 - He set the cursor auto-trans ormer in the position o 0 V - have been placed
on the star-delta switch in the "triangle" - the locked-rotor motor with a brac
e;
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- Fed up the circuit and was increasing tension between phases until it reaches
approximately the value o motor rated current or delta connection (InΔ = 6.6 A
) - There was the U-values, P , Ia, Ib and Ic; After the tests described was tes
ted starting YΔ and observed motor behavior in times of starting and switching f
rom Y to Δ connection (3rd party) and the work was completed with measuring the
resistance values of stator windings (Part 4).
Values recorded
Part 1: UCC (V) 91.0 Ia (A) 3.75 lb (A) Ic (A) 3.71 3.62 P (kW) 0.450
Part 2: UCC (V) 54.0 4th Part: Ia (A) 6.57 lb (A) Ic (A) 6.50 6.33 P (kW) 0.460
R1 (Ω) 5.2
R2 (Ω) 5.2
R3 (Ω) 5.2
Calculations
Part 1:
Ia + Ib + Ic 3, 75 +3, 71 +3, 62 = 3 69 A 3 3
pJ 1 = 3 × R1 × I1
2
I1 =
p J 1 = 3 × 5.2 × 3.69 2 = 212.4 W
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In this case:
P2 ≅ P - p J 1 = 450 to 212.4 237.6 WP = P2 = 2 = 2 × π × Ωs ns
Tarrq. Y
ns = 60 ×
60 = 1.51 N. M
f1 = 60 × 50 = 1500 r. p 2 p.m.
Tarrq. Y =
237.6 2 × π × 1500
60
February 2
380 380 Tarrq. Y (n) = Tarrq. = Y × N 26.33. M = 1.51 × U 91.0
Part 2:
J = 1 × 3 × RΔ I1

2
I1 =
Ia + Ib + Ic 6, 57 6 + 50 + 6 = 33 = 6, 47 A 3 3
p J 1 = 3 × 1.73 × 6.47 2 = 217.3 W
RΔ =
R1 R 2 × 5.2 × 5.2 = 1, 73 Ω R1 + R 2 + R 3 5.2 + 5.2 + 5.2
In this case:
P2 ≅ P - p J 1 = 460 to 217.3 = 242.7 W Tarrq. Δ = P2 P2 = 2 × π × 60 = ns Ωs
2
242.7 2 × π × 1500
N = 1.55. M 60
Tarrq. Δ (n)
380 380 = Tarrq. × Δ = 76.76 N. M = 1.55 × U 54.0
2
Tarrq.Y (n) Tarrq.Δ (n)
=
26.33 = 0.34 ⇔ Tarrq. Y (n) = 34% Tarrq. Δ (n) 76.76
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Results
Tarrq. Y (n) = 34% Tarrq. Δ (n)
Conclusion
After a first analysis of the results can be noted at the outset that the work w
as accomplished with complete success, because after it was possible to meet all
objectives. As expected in starting values found in Y starting torque lower tha
n the Δ-starting, with the value found for starting torque rated Y (Tarrq.Y (n))
was about 34% of the value obtained for starting torque rated at Δ (Tarrq.Δ (n)
), thus corroborating the theory presented. We could also observe, during the 3r
d part of the work, that when there is switching of calls (from Y to Δ) is perfe
ctly clear (without using any measuring device) the difference in operation of t
he engine when it is connected Y for when you are connected in Δ, and it was als
o clear (the small engine displacement on the bench) the peak torque occurring a
t the time of switching. This observed performance occurred as described, the ty
pical behavior shown in Fig. Introduction 2.
Bibliography:
the "Technology Year 11" - PINTO, Antonio; Alves, Vitor - Porto Editora, the Not
es on Electrical Machines 2004 - NEVES, Betina Campos;
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