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The compass or bow ditch rule which has named after the distinguished
American navigator Nathaniel bow ditch (1773-1838)
The compass rule is based on the assumption that all lengths wee measured
with equal care and all angles taken with approximately the same precision.
It is also assumed that the errors in measurement are accidental and that the
total error in any side of the traverse is directly proportional to the total
length of the traverse.
CL = total closure in latitude or the algebraic sum of the north and south
latitudes (NL+ED)
CD = total closure in departure or the algebraic sum of the east and west
departures (ED+WD)
L= la t2 + de p 2
De p'
Tan = Lat '
Where:
COMPASS RULE
(problem)
Given the accompanying tabulation are the observed data for a traverse obtained
from a transit-tape survey. Determine the latitudes and departures of each course
and balance these quantities by employing the compass rule. Also determine the
linear error of closure, bearing of the side of error and the relative error of closure.
tabulates values accordingly
a) Computing Latitudes:
b) Computing Departures
WD = -1110.58 541.70
CL = NL + SL = +1461.29 + (-1444.48)
= +16.81 m
CD = ED + WD = +1670.36 + (-1652.28)
= +18.08m
CL
K1= D
16.81
K1= 5000.13 =0.00336
SOLUTION CHECK:
1.67+2.86+2.88+3.43+3.75+2.22 = 16.81
16.81=16.819(CHECKS)
e) Determining corrections for departure
CL
K2= D
18.08
K2= 5000.13 =0.00362
SOLUTION CHECK:
1.79+3.08+3.09+3.69+4.04+2.39= 18.08
18.08=18.08(CHECKS)
f) tabulated solutions
g) ADJUSTED LATITUDES:
ADJUSTED DEPATURES:
h) Determining the linear error of closure, bearing of the side of error and
relative error of closure
LEC = Cl +Cd
CD (+ 18.08)
Tan = CL = (+16.81)
= 1.075550
= 47 05 (bearing of the side of error = S44 05W)
RP = LEC/D
=24.69/5000.13
= 1/202.52
= SAY 1/1000 (relative precision)
Given the observed and calculated data in the problem . Determine the
adjusted length and adjusted bearing of each course and tabulate
accordingly.
DEP '
b) Determining adjusted bearing of each course TAN = LAT '
+ 45.74
TAN AB = + 491.90 = N 519E
+609.15
TAN BC = +587.67 = N 4602E
+788.00
TAN CD = 328.41 = S 6723E
+215.82
TAN DE = 1000.42 = S1210 E
1114.62
TAN EF = 125.71 = S 8334W
544.09
TAN FA = +374.97 = N5526W
C) tabulated solution:
TRANSIT RULE
The method of adjusting a traverse by the transit rule similar to the method using
the compass rule. The main difference is that with the transit rule the latitude and
departure corrections depend on the length of the latitude and departure of the
course respectively instead of both depending on the length of the course.
lat (Cl)
C1 = ND SL
Dep(CD)
Cd = ED WD
Where:
C1 = correction to be applied to the latitude of any course
CL = total closure in latitude or the algebraic sum of the north and south latitudes
(NL + SL)
CD = total closure in departure or the algebraic sum of the east and west
departures (ED + WD)
Since the north latitudes are positive quantities and south latitudes are negative
quantities, the arithmetical sum of all latitudes is obtained if the summation of
south latitudes is subtracted from the summation of north latitudes. Similarly , the
arithmetical sum of all departure is subtracted from the summation of east
departures since east and west departures are positive and negative quantities,
respectively. Another way to determining these arithmetical sums is simply to add
the absolute values of the required quantities.
Transit rule
A) Computing latitudes
LAT = Length x Cos
LATab = 495.85 x Cos 0530 = +493.57 m
LATbc = 850.62 x Cos 4602 = +590.53 m
LATcd= 855.45 x Cos 11222 = -325.53 m
LAT de= 1020.87 x Cos 16735 = -996.99 m
LAT ef= 1117.26 x Cos 26344 = -121.96 m
LATfa = 660.08 x Cos 30451 = + 377.19 m
B) Computing departures
DEP = Length x Sin
DEPAB= 495.85 x Sin 0530 = +47.53 m
DEPBC= 850.62 x Sin 4602 = +612.23 m
DEPCD= 855.45 x Sin 11222 =+791.09 m
DEPDE= 1020.87 x Sin 16735 =+219.51 m
DEPEF= 1117.26 x Sin 26344 =-1110.58 m
DEPFA= 660.08 x Sin 30451 =-541.70 m
C) Tabulated solution
CD = ED + WD
= +1670.36 + (- 1652.26)
= +18.08 m (total closure in departure)
CL
E) Determining correction for latitude: KI= NL SL
Where:
KI = corrections
CI = LAT x (KI)
Solution:
16.81
KI= ( +1461.29 ) (1444.48) = 0.00579
CAB= 493.57 x 0.00579 = 2.86 m
CBC= 590.53 x 0.00579 = 3.42 m
CCD= 325.53 x 0.00579 = 1.88 m
CDE= 996.99 x 0.00579 = 5.77 m
CEF=121.96 x 0.00579 = 0.70 m
CFA= 377.19 x 0.00579 = 2.18 m
CD
F) Determining corrections for departure: K2 = ED WD
Where:
K2 = corrections
Cd= LAT x (KI)
18.08
K2= +1670.36(1652.28 ) =0.00544
NOTE: since the sum of the east departures exceeds the sum of the west
departures, the departures corrections are subtracted from the corresponding
east departures and added to corresponding west departures to determine the
adjusted departures.
course AB)
Dep '
B) Determining adjusted azimuth of each course: TAN = Lat '
+ 47.27
=5 30 '
TAN = + 490.71 (therefore azimuth from north of course AB is
530)
+608.90
TAN = +587.11 = 4603 (therefore azimuth from north of course BC
is 4603)
+786.78
TAN = 327.41 = 6724 (therefore azimuth from north of course CD
is 6724)
+218.32
TAN = 1002.76 = 1217 (therefore azimuth from north of course
DE is 1217)
1116.62
TAN = 122.66 = 8344 (therefore azimuth from north of course EF
is 8344)
544.65
TAN = +375.01 = 5527 (therefore azimuth from north of course FA
is 5527)
C) TABULATED SOLUTION:
C
852.19m
AZn(11236) -327.41 m (lat
of CD)
845.85m
+ 587.11 m
(lat of BC)
AZn (4603) D
B 1026.25m
AZn(16743)
A 661.27m
AZn(30433)
F 1123.34 m,AZn(26344) E
+375.01
m (lat of
FA)